RESUMO
AlM: To investigate expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer ( EMMPRlN) in retinoblastoma (Rb) and the relationships between MMP-2, EMMPRlN and tumor development.METHODS:lmmunohistochemical technique was used to detect expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in 39 cases of paraffin embedded Rb samples. Quantitative analysis of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were assessed by measuring the mean gray scale of Rb tissue with LElCA lM50 Color Pathologic Analysis System. The differences of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in each clinical and pathological stage were statistically analyzed, and the same step was also undertaken to study the relationship between Rb with MMP-2 positive expression and that with EMMPRlN positive expression.RESULTS:The positive expression rate of MMP-2 was 90% (Gray value: 109. 64 ± 14. 52; 35/39), and that of EMMPRlN was 85% (Gray value:108. 01±13. 60;33/39). The expressions of MMP - 2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors of glaucomatous stage (Gray value:108. 21±11. 47 and 107. 56±14. 32) than those in intraocular stage ( Gray value: 121. 13 ± 11. 32 and 119. 34 ± 12. 66; P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). And the same conclusion can be concluded between those in extraocular stage (Gray value: 91. 03 ± 11. 71 and 92. 26 ± 12. 93) with those in glaucomatous stage (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). The expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors with optic nerve invasion (Gray value:103. 89±13. 39 and 105. 23±14. 00) than those without optic nerve invasion ( Gray value: 118. 39 ± 15. 11 and 117. 53±16. 13) (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON:The positive expression levels of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN may correlate with tumor infiltration and metastasis.
RESUMO
AIM: To simulate the effect of changes of pupil size and optical media with diffusing filters on visual acuity, and to compare these effects on Humphrey field analyser(HFA) and frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry. METHODS: The left eyes of 15 normal subjects aged 23-39 years underwent: 1) Snellen visual acuity and Pelli-Robson(P-R) chart testing; 2) white-on-white automatic perimetry of HFA model 630 using the 30-2 programme and size III stimulus; 3) FDT perimetry using N-30 programme. For each procedure, no filter, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 diffusing filters were mounted in random order in front of the eye to be tested.RESULTS: For Snellen visual acuity, 1 filter had no effect on all but 2 subjects who lost 1 line; 2 filters had little effect on all subjects and had no effect on 2 subjects (9 subjects lost 1 line and 4 lost 2 lines); 3 filters had the same effect on all subjects who lost 3 lines; 4 filters caused 5 subjects to lose 4 lines, 5 subjects to lose 5 lines, 3 subjects to lose 6 lines and 2 subjects to lose 7 lines; 5 filters caused 9 lines loss in all the subjects. For P-R chart , 3 filters usage caused 13 subjects to see none of the groups of letters and while 2 subjects could see only 1 group of letters. Both mean deviation(MD) of HFA and FDT were reduced with increased numbers of filters. For HFA, 5 filters caused nearly absolute scotomas, while for FDT, 3 filters caused the same result. The pattern standard deviation(PSD) for both HFA and FDT was uniformly consistent; the short-term fluctuation(SF) and corrected pattern standard deviation(CPSD) were all uniformly consistent.CONCLUSION: These findings showed that luminance reduction and light scattering caused by diffusing filters have marked effect on white-on-white and frequency doubling perimetry; the visual field loss of HFA and FDT was relatively diffuse, which could be effectively reduced through the use of pattern deviation analysis in separating visual field loss caused by glaucoma from that caused by cataract; the effect of media opacities on FDT was greater than it on HFA.