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Objective:To design a type of wearable cephalic stimulator and verify its feasibility, safety and effectiveness. Methods:The wearable cephalic stimulator was designed based on transcranial electric stimulation and the meridian. From June 2015 to February 2018, 80 patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into control group (n = 40) and treatment group (n = 40). The control group accepted routine rehabilitation, and the treatment group was treated with the wearable cephalic stimulator additionally, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and modified Barthel index (MBI) before and after treatment. While, the safety and stability of the device were observed, and the temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, etc. of the patient were recorded. Results:The prototype was successfully produced. There was no significant difference in the scores of FMA and MBI between two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). The scores of FMA and MBI significantly increased in both groups (t > 2.448, P < 0.05), and they were higher in the observation group than in the control group (|t| > 2.202, P < 0.05) after treatment. The temperature, pulse, and breathing did not change during the treatment with this device, and blood pressure did not increase. Conclusion:The wearable cephalic stimulator is safe, reliable and operability, and could effectively improve the motor function and activities of daily living in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Objective:To study the effect of exercise preconditioning on the expression of autophagy-related protein Beclin 1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), and apoptosis after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, to explore the mechanism of myocardial protection by exercise preconditioning. Methods:A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and exercise preconditioning group, with twelve rats in each group. The exercise preconditioning group received electric treadmill training for four weeks before modeling. The model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion was made by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery 30 minutes and reperfusion. One hour after reperfusion, the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 protein in myocardium was detected by Western blotting, and apoptosis of myocardial cells was observed by TUNEL staining, then the apoptotic index was calculated. Results:Compared with the model group, the level of LC3-I protein in the myocardial ischemic area increased, the levels of Beclin 1 and LC3-II decreased, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I decreased (P < 0.05); and the apoptotic index decreased in the preconditioning group (P < 0.05). Conclusion:Exercise preconditioning could up-regulate LC3-I in ischemic area, down-regulate the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3-II, and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion.
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Exosome is a hot topic in the field of medical research in recent years, which can serve as new carriers for cell-to-cell communication, and show great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke. microRNA containing in exosomes plays an important role in it. This article reviewed the research progress of exosomes in ischemic stroke on biomarkers, drug carriers, neurovascular remodeling, and treatment.
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The concept of neurovascular units studies the interaction between neural cells and blood vessels, regards the blood-brain barrier as the core,and relates with the neurodegenerative diseases.This paper reviewed the relationship be-tween neurovascular units and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease,multiple sclerosis,etc.
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Objective To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on apoptosis after cerebral ischemia-re-perfusion (I/R). Methods A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=24), model group (n=24) and EA group (n=24). The rats in latter two groups were occluded the right middle cerebral arteries for two hours and reperfused. EA group was treated with EA at Baihui (GV20) for two weeks before modeling. They were as-sessed with modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS) 24 hours after modeling. Then, the cerebral infarct volume was measured with TTC staining, the apoptosis was detected with TUENL assay, and the expression of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in ischemic penumbra was detected with Western blotting. Results Compared with the model group, the score of mNSS, cerebral infarct volume and the number of TUNEL-posi-tive cells all significantly decreased (P<0.05) in EA group; while the expression of p53 and Bax proteins de-creased (P<0.05), Bcl-2 increased (P<0.05), and Bax/Bcl-2 decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion EA preconditioning can induce tolerance to cerebral I/R injury, which might associate with the inhibition of p53 protein and down-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in ischemic penumbra, to inhibit cerebral cell apoptosis.