Realization of disaster backup of infectious disease net reporting system in Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention / 中国医学装备

Objective:To realize the different disaster recovery of infectious disease net reporting system of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) in the same city.Methods:We adopted B/S/DBMS three-tier architecture to deploy the infectious disease net reporting system in the disaster recovery center, realized data level disaster recovery through the remote replication technology, realized application level disaster recovery through technology of the data asynchronous replicating and transmitted disaster recovery data of the infectious disease net reporting system through asynchronous mode. Results: According to the existing resources, we established different disaster recovery center of the same city, realized the disaster recovery data backup of important information system in the same city, completed the security of software and hardware in information security level protection, and passed the level evaluation of Ministry of Public Security.Conclusion: The establishment of disaster recovery center in the off-sete of same city can make sure the security of the system and data, and ensure the continuity of work efficiency.

Big data analysis of flow of tuberculosis cases in China, 2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To describe the flow of tuberculosis (TB) cases for medical care in China in 2014.Methods The analysis and visualization of reported flow of TB cases were conducted with software R to indicate the case distribution/flow and the levels of hospital where TB cases sought medical care in different provinces.Results In a province,the TB cases mainly flowed to the province capital,but the inter-provincial flow was mainly to neighbor provinces and from central or westem provinces to eastem provinces (municipality),such as Beijing,Shanghai and Guangdong.The grade Ⅲ (A) hospitals were the choice of most TB cases seeking medical care in other provinces.Conclusion The epidemic situation of TB in China is still serious,and the flow of TB cases would facilitate the spread of the disease.It is necessary to strengthen the research on influence of TB case flow for seeking medical care on the spread of TB to provide evidence for better TB prevention and control.

Big data analysis of flow of tuberculosis cases in China, 2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To describe the flow of tuberculosis (TB) cases for medical care in China in 2014.Methods The analysis and visualization of reported flow of TB cases were conducted with software R to indicate the case distribution/flow and the levels of hospital where TB cases sought medical care in different provinces.Results In a province,the TB cases mainly flowed to the province capital,but the inter-provincial flow was mainly to neighbor provinces and from central or westem provinces to eastem provinces (municipality),such as Beijing,Shanghai and Guangdong.The grade Ⅲ (A) hospitals were the choice of most TB cases seeking medical care in other provinces.Conclusion The epidemic situation of TB in China is still serious,and the flow of TB cases would facilitate the spread of the disease.It is necessary to strengthen the research on influence of TB case flow for seeking medical care on the spread of TB to provide evidence for better TB prevention and control.

Temporal and spatial clustering characteristics and changes of severe hand, foot, and mouth disease in mainland of China, from 2008 to 2013 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution,temporal and spatial clustering characteristics and changes of severe hand,foot,and mouth disease (HFMD) in order to provide evidence-based decision making strategy for control and prevention of severe HFMD cases.Methods Severe HFMD cares were extracted from the National Diseases Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between 2008 and 2013.Definition and clinical diagnostic criteria of severe HFMD cases were set up by China CDC in the Hand,Foot,and Mouth Disease Control and Prevention Guideline,version 2010.Spatial scan unit was under the district/county of 2 900 in mainland China with temporal scan unit as month and time span as from May 2008 to August 2013.Kulldorff scan statistics was applied and analyses were conducted by SaTScanTM 9.1.Mapping and visualizing the results were carried out with ArcGIS 10.0.Results Data related to the monitoring program on severe HFMD from 2008 to 2013 demonstrated that above 96％ of the severe HFMD cases occurred under 5 years old,mostly males,with the ratio of males to females as 1.73-1.80 and over 84％ of the children were ‘scattered'.Results from SaTScan illustrated that the temporal and spatial clustering existed among severe HFMD cases.The temporal dimension of severe HFMD was from May to July each year.Spatial dimension was located in south-east coastal area and middle-east area.With respect to the changes of temporal and spatial clustering phenomena,Class 1 clustering area was located in south-east coastal region in 2008 and in middle-east region in 2009 and was shifting to the west from middle-east region in 2010.It moved to the north-east from middle-east region in 2011 and to the north-west and south-west from middle-east region in 2012.Class 1 clustering area covered districts/countries from 18 provinces in 2012.The same pattem of Class 1 clustering area was observed as in the previous year-2013,but with less districts/countries from the 13 provinces.Conclusion Temporal and spatial clustering areas of severe HFMD were presented in this report,and the yearly changing pattern of the clustering areas was noted.Findings from this study provided evidence-based data to the decision-making authorities so as to prevent deaths from severe HFMD cases under reasonable prevention and control strategies.

The implement performance of China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System in 2011-2013 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the implement performance of China Infectious Diseases Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS) of 31 provinces in mainland China, and to provide the evidences for further promoting the application and improvement of this system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The amount of signals, response situation and verification outcome of signals related to 32 infectious diseases of 31 provinces in mainland China in CIDARS were investigated from 2011 to 2013, the changes by year on the proportion of responded signals and timeliness of signal response were descriptively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 960 831 signals were generated nationwide on 32 kinds of infectious diseases in the system, with 98.87% signals (949 936) being responded, and the median (the 25(th) percentile to the 75(th) percentile (P25-P75) ) of time to response was 1.0 (0.4-3.3) h. Among all the signals, 242 355 signals were generated by the fixed-value detection method, the proportion of responded signals was 96.37% (62 349/64 703), 98.75% (68 413/69 282) and 99.37% (107 690/108 370), respectively, and the median (P25-P75) of time to response was 1.3 (0.3-9.7), 0.8(0.2-4.9) and 0.7 (0.2-4.2) h, respectively. After the preliminary data verification, field investigation and laboratory test by local public health staffs, 100 232 cases (41.36%) were finally confirmed.In addition, 718 476 signals were generated by the temporal aberration detection methods, and the average amount of signal per county per week throughout the country were 1.53, and 8 155 signals (1.14%) were verified as suspected outbreaks. During these 3 years, the proportion of signal response was 98.89% (231 149/233 746), 98.90% (254 182/257 015) and 99.31% (226 153/227 715), respectively, and the median (P25-P75) of time to response was 1.1 (0.5-3.3), 1.0 (0.5-2.9) and 1.0 (0.5-2.6) h, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>From 2011 to 2013, the proportion of responded signals and response timeliness of CIDARS maintained a rather high level, and further presented an increasing trend year by year. But the proportion of signals related to suspected outbreaks should be improved.</p>

Surveillance of hand, foot, and mouth disease in mainland China (2008-2009) / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Since HFMD was designated as a class C communicable disease in May 2008, 18 months surveillance data have been accumulated to December 2009. This article was to describe the distribution of HFMD for age, sex, area, and time between 2008 and 2009, to reveal the characteristics of the epidemic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed weekly reported cases of HFMD from May 2008 to December 2009, and presented data on the distribution of age, sex, area and time. A discrete Poisson model was used to detect spatial-temporal clusters of HFMD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>More than 1 065 000 cases of HFMD were reported in Mainland China from May 2008 to December 2009 (total incidence: 12.47 per 10 000). Male incidence was higher than female for all ages and 91.9% of patients were <5 years old. The incidence was highest in Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Hainan. The highest peak of HFMD cases was in April and the number of cases remained high from April to August. The spatial-temporal distribution detected four clusters.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Children <5 years old were susceptible to HFMD and we should be aware of their vulnerability. The incidence was higher in urban than rural areas, and an annual pandemic usually starts in April.</p>

Quality Analysis of Measles Breakout Events and Relative Cases in China in 2006 / 中国疫苗和免疫

Objective To analyze the quality of measles breakout events and relative cases in order to offer the integrated,accurate,basic data for infectious disease anticipation and control.Methods Associate the measles breakout events with cases,the cases with organization type,and users'information with breakout events.As a result,the integrated data construct is created in order to analyze the index in detail. Results Measles breakout events substitute ration is 33.93%,measles breakout events without relative cases reporting rate is 12.50%.Relative cases reporting rate in time is 75.51% and substitute ratio is 12.07%.Conclusions There are still many problems in measles breakout events reporting and relative cases reporting.The local CDCs and hospitals should pay much attention to the data quality especially in the infectious disease outbreak and guarantee the data quality through more methods of quality control and evaluation.