TrkB receptor-dependent PV neurons regulate visual orientation discrimination in mice / 生物工程学报

The neurotrophin-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating the balance of excitation and inhibition in the primary visual cortex (V1). Previous studies have revealed its mechanism of regulating the level of cortical excitability by increasing the efficiency of excitatory transmission, but it has not been elucidated how TrkB receptors regulate the balance of excitation and inhibition through the inhibitory system, which in turn affects visual cortex function. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate how the TrkB signaling pathway specifically regulates the most important inhibitory neuron-PV neurons affects the visual cortex function of mice. The expression of TrkB receptor on PV neurons in the V1 region was specifically reduced by the virus, the functional changes of inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the primary visual cortex were recorded by multi-channel electrophysiological in vivo. The orientation discrimination ability of mice was tested by behavioral experiments, and altered orientation discrimination ability of mice was tested by behavioral experiments. The results showed that reduced expression of TrkB receptors on PV inhibitory neurons in primary visual cortex significantly increased the response intensity of excitatory neurons, reduced the orientation discrimination ability of inhibitory and excitatory neurons, and increased the signal-to-noise ratio, but the orientation discrimination ability at the individual level in mice showed a decrease. These results suggest that the TrkB signaling pathway does not modulate the function of PV neurons solely by increasing excitatory transmission targeting PV neurons, and its effect on neuronal signal-to-noise ratio is not due to enhancement of the inhibitory system.

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of 71 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial disease / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients complicated with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease, in order to provide basis for clinical therapy.Methods:The clinical findings, imaging and etiological data of the 71 AIDS patients complicated with disseminated NTM disease admitted to Beijing You′an Hospital from June 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 71 patients with disseminated NTM disease, the most common initial symptom was fever, followed with cough, expectoration, fatigue, poor appetite, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Seventy point four percent (50/71) of these patients had at least two comorbidities, with oral candida infection, cytomegalovirus infection, syphilis, pneumocystis pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia being the most common. Hemoglobin ((87.8±24.2) g/L) and albumin ((27.3±7.0) g/L) levels significantly decreased, while erythrocyte sedimentation rate ((59.8±28.6) mm/1 h) and C-reactive protein ((74.7±50.8) mg/L) levels increased in most cases. The median CD4 + T lymphocyte count was 7×10 6/L. The median time of positive blood culture of NTM was 260 h. Among the 71 patients, 40 cases (56.3%) were infected with Mycobacterium avium, 15 cases (21.1%) with Mycobacterium intracellulare, 10 cases (14.1%) with Mycobacterium colombiense, three cases (4.2%) with Mycobacterium marseillense and three cases (4.2%) with Mycobacterium kansasii.The frequent imaging findings were patchy and nodular shadows in lungs, and most patients had mediastinal or hilar lymph node enlargement and splenomegaly. Conclusions:AIDS complicated with disseminated NTM disease is prevalently occurred in patients with severe immune deficiency, and most of the bacteria belong to the Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare complex. Early obtaining positive etiological results of NTM is essential to guide the correct clinical diagnosis and accurate treatment.

Current situation and strategy of acupuncture and moxibustion in the Republic of Guinea / 国际中医中药杂志

With the increasing number of Chinese medical aid and the overseas development of Chinese medicine, acupuncture has spreaded to and the Republic of Guinea and saw develoment. At present, only China Guinea Friendship Hospital and Astatin Hospital have set up Acupuncture Department, which have equipped with basic acupuncture instruments and acupuncture is used as the main treatment method, and acupuncture is a self funded project. There is no acupuncture major in the local education system, neither laws and regulations on acupuncture and moxibustion. Language barrier also makes it difficult for doctors in the two countries to communicate. Thus, it is recommended to consider geographic, diet, and medical factors when formulating acupuncture treatment plans which are suitable for local conditions, and launching new projects such as laser acupuncture treatment and ear concha electroacupuncture treatment, while improving the language level of foreign aid physicians, designing suitable teaching materials, and using multimedia technology for teaching. Besides, we should promote legislation, conduct academic and cultural exchanges, so as to better promote the development of acupuncture and moxibustion in Guinea.

miR-130b accelerates the neuronal migration in the developing embryonic mice cortex / 基础医学与临床

Objective To study the effects of miR-130b on the neuronal migration in the developing embryonic mice cortex.Methods Pregnancy E15.5 mice were selected and plasmid of miR-130b was injected into the lateral ventricle of the embryonic brain.Two days after eletroporation,murine embryos were collected and cut into frozon coronal slices,then surveyed the neuronal migration under the fluorescence microscope.Results The neuronal migration rates were higher in miR-130b overexpression embryonic cortex,of which 75.1％ eletroporated neurons migrated into MZ,compared with the 22.1％ in control group.On the contrary,only 7.9％ eletroporated neurons stayed in the VZ/ SVZ in the experimental group,compared with the 69.3％ in control group.Conclusions miR-130b accelerates the neuronal migration in the developing embryonic mice cortex,its regulational role is worth studying.

Roles of 99mTc-MDP and SPECT/CT fusion imaging in the diagnosis and treatment decisions of bone metastasis of malignant tumors / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of (99)Tc(m)-MDP SPECT/CT bone fusion imaging in diagnosis and treatment strategy establishment of patients with bone metastatic malignancy.Methods Retrospective study was carried out on 66 patients (55 patients with primary malignant tumors,11 patients with primary benign bone disease) chosen from 117 patients who had undergone whole body bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT fusion imaging examination.Comparison was carried out on diagnostic efficacy for bone metastases and changes of treatment between SPECT/CT fusion imaging and other anatomical imaging (CT and/or MR).Cases excluded are extensive bone metastases and no final diagnosis of patients.Results For diagnosis of patient with bone metastasis and bone metastasis lesion,the sensitivity of SPECT/CT fusion imaging was (90.62％,93.88％),specificity (79.41％,89.47％) and accuracy (84.84％,90.97％),while sensitivity of simple anatomical imaging was (59.38％,51.02％),specificity (94.11％,94.73％) and accuracy (77.27％,79.86％),with a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).SPECT/CT fusion imaging changed 30.31％ (20/66) the patient's treatment plan,while 16.67％ (11/66) for simple anatomical imaging,with a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions SPECT/CT fusion imaging could increase the accuracy of diagnosis of bone metastases and have an important role in establishing the treatment strategy.