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Crohn′s disease (CD) is a chronic, progressive and destructive inflammatory disease affecting the entire digestive tract. Changes in the intestinal microbiota, particularly a decrease in gut microbiome diversity, are thought to be associated with chronic intestinal inflammation of CD. As for the mechanism of antibiotics in CD treatment, some scholars believe that antibiotics can affect the course of disease by reducing the concentration of intestinal bacteria and changing the composition of intestinal microbiota. Different antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and rifaximin, have been proved to have certain therapeutic effect on some patients with CD in clinical practice, but there are still limitations in the use of antibiotics.In this review, the relationship between intestinal flora and the incidence of CD and the application of antibiotics in CD were reviewed, providing reference and help for the standardized application of antibiotics in CD.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of stachydrine (STA) on apoptosis of Aβ-induced PC12 cells mimicking Alzheimer's disease and explore the mechanisms.@*METHODS@#The differential genes of STA were analyzed based on GSE85871 data, and the target genes of STA were identified using STITCH database. PC12 cells were treated with Aβ to establish a cell model of Alzheimer's disease, and the changes in cell viability and cell cycle in response to STA treatment were assessed using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the relevant gene or protein expressions in the treated cells.@*RESULTS@#GSE85871 data showed 37 up-regulated genes and 48 down-regulated genes in cells following treatment with STA. Analysis of the data from the STITCH database indicated that RPS8 and EED were the target genes of STA. Treatment of PC12 cells with Aβ significantly lowered the cell viability ( < 0.05) and the expressions of RPS8 and EED at both the mRNA and protein levels ( < 0.05), and obviously inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and p53 ( < 0.05). STA treatment of the cells significantly reversed the effect of Aβ and induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, causing also significantly increases in the expression levels of RPS8, EED, Bcl-2 and p53 ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#STA plays an important role in inhibiting the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by Aβ possibly by regulating RPS8 and EED expression to promote the expressions of Bcl-2 and p53.
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Animais , Ratos , Doença de Alzheimer , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Apoptose , Sobrevivência Celular , Células PC12 , Fragmentos de PeptídeosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of stachydrine (STA) on apoptosis of Aβ-induced PC12 cells mimicking Alzheimer's disease and explore the mechanisms.@*METHODS@#The differential genes of STA were analyzed based on GSE85871 data, and the target genes of STA were identified using STITCH database. PC12 cells were treated with Aβ to establish a cell model of Alzheimer's disease, and the changes in cell viability and cell cycle in response to STA treatment were assessed using MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the relevant gene or protein expressions in the treated cells.@*RESULTS@#GSE85871 data showed 37 up-regulated genes and 48 down-regulated genes in cells following treatment with STA. Analysis of the data from the STITCH database indicated that RPS8 and EED were the target genes of STA. Treatment of PC12 cells with Aβ significantly lowered the cell viability ( < 0.05) and the expressions of RPS8 and EED at both the mRNA and protein levels ( < 0.05), and obviously inhibited the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and p53 ( < 0.05). STA treatment of the cells significantly reversed the effect of Aβ and induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, causing also significantly increases in the expression levels of RPS8, EED, Bcl-2 and p53 ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#STA plays an important role in inhibiting the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by Aβ possibly by regulating RPS8 and EED expression to promote the expressions of Bcl-2 and p53.
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Animais , Ratos , Doença de Alzheimer , Apoptose , Sobrevivência Celular , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Modelos Biológicos , Células PC12 , Prolina , FarmacologiaRESUMO
Objective To investigate the efficacy of two low doses of ketamine for postoperative pain relief in children following adenotonsillectomy.Methods Ninety ASA physical status Ⅰ patients,aged 2-9 years,scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were enrolled in this randomized,double-blinded study.Patients were divided into three groups of 30 each and received an intravenous injection of 0.9％ saline (group C),ketamine 0.2mg/kg (group K1),or ketamine 0.5mg/kg (group K2).FLACC scores were used to evaluate pain levels during 12h after surgery.Tramadol and diclofenac potassium suppositories were provided for pain relief if FLACC ＞ 4.The operating time(OT),anesthesia duration(AT),extubation time(ET) and awaking time(AWT) were recorded.Adverse reactions such as nausea,vomiting,headache,abdominal pain and the requirement of rescue analgesic was recorded.Results Group C had significant higher FLACC scores than group K1 and K2 during the first 30min after operation.The requirement of analgesics was also higher in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference of FLACC scores was found between group K1 and K2.However,children in K2 group have longer awaking time (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference among three groups in the FLACC score after 2 hours.Conclusion A 0.2 or 0.5mg/kg dose of ketamine given before surgery by intravenous injection provides efficient pain relief in the early period after surgery.0.2mg/kg may be preferable for its low incidence of deep sedation.
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Objective To investigate the change trend of erythrocyte distribution width (RDW) and prothrombin time (PT) in patients with different degrees of hepatic injury and its clinical significance .Methods A total of 100 inpatients with hepatitis B (HB group) ,100 patients with liver cirrhosis (cirrhosis group) and 50 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) asso-ciated with HBV (liver cancer group) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2014 to June 2015 were selected .The peripheral blood RDW and the average volume of erythrocytes (MCV) of all the subjects were detected by Sysmex XE-2100 automatic hematology analyzer .The PT was measured by Stago Rack Evolutio automatic coagulation analyzer and compared .Results There was no significant difference in RDW between the cirrhosis group and the HCC group (P=0 .099) ,and the difference between the other groups was statistically significant (P<0 .01) .As the disease progressed ,the RDW gradually in-creased .There was no significant difference in MCV comparison among all groups (P>0 .05) .There was no significant difference in PT between the HB group and the cirrhosis group (P=0 .234) ,and the difference between the other groups was statistically signif-icant (P<0 .01) .As the disease progressed ,PT gradually increased .Conclusion The increase of RDW and PT are related to the severity of liver injury .RDW may be an index to predict the degree of liver injury in patients .
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Purpose To explore the effects of progesterone receptor isoforms A and B ( PR-A,PR-B) on carcinogenesis and progres-sion of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma ( OSC) . Methods The expressions of PR-A and PR-B in 52 cases of OSC, 22 cases of o-varian borderline serous cystadenoma ( OBSC) , 22 cases of umbrella of normal fallopian ( UNF) were detected by immunohistochmical Elivision technique. Results The expression of PR-A in OSCs, OBSCs and UNFs were 94. 5%, 94. 5%, and 68. 38%, respective-ly, with there were statistical significance among three groups (P<0. 05). The expression of PR-B in OSCs, OBSCs and UNFs were 100%, 77. 27%, and 40. 38%, respectively, with there were statistical significance among three groups (P<0. 05). The difference of PR-A/PR-B ratio in OSCs, OBSCs and UNFs was statistical significance ( P<0. 05 ) . The expressions of PR-A and PR-B in OSCs were lower, there were statistical significance between the clinical stageⅠ+Ⅱ andⅢ+Ⅳ (P<0. 05), and histological gradeⅠandⅡ. The difference of PR-A/PR-B ratio between the histological gradeⅠandⅡin OSC was statistical significance. There was statistical significance of PR-B between OSCs with lymph metastasis and without lymph metastasis (P<0. 05). Expression of PR-A and PR-B in OSC was positive correlation (P<0. 05). Conclusion With the carcinogenesis and progression of OSC, the expressions of PR-A and PR-B gradually declined, and the downregulation of PR-B is more obvious, may be an important biological sign of malignant transfor-mation in ovarian tissue. The increasing ratio of PR-A to PR-B in OSC may indicate poor differentiation. The relatively higher expres-sion of PR-B may inhibit the lymph metastasis in OSC.
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Objective To investigate the causes of infant mortality and analyze the reasons of misdiagnosis and medical disputes,and to provide help for improving clinical diagnostic accuracy in future in order to decrease the infant mortality and prevent the occurrence of medical tangle.Methods To collect and reorganize the autopsy pathology reports of medical tangle of infant deaths in the autopsy files of the Pathology Department of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College within 5 years from Jan.2008 to Dec.2012,and a total of 58 cases were collected,of whom 39 cases were male and 19 cases were female,and the ages of these cases ranged from 0 to 3 years old.Results In 5 years,the number of medical tangle of infant deaths were 8 cases,10 cases,10 cases,15 cases and 15 cases,respectively,which showed an increasing trend on the whole.Infant mortality showed a significant decrease with the increase of age,as the highest mortality was the baby,which accounted for 77.59％ (45/58 cases) of infant deaths.The most common cause of infant death was pneumonia,which accounted for 15.52％ (9/58 cases) of all diseases,and neonatal asphyxia was the top cause of newborn infant deaths (27.27％,6/22 cases).In the cases of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of infant deaths,the respiratory system disease was the most common disease (57.89％,22/38 cases).Conclusions Infant mortality decreased year by year in clinical medicine,but there was an upward trend of medical disputes in infant deaths.Various types of pneumonia was the most common cause of infant deaths,and it was also the main cause contributing to medical tangles of infant deaths.