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Objective@#To investigate the current status of malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) strips application and malaria laboratory technicians' evaluation about them at primary healthcare provider level in Jiangsu Province.@*Methods@#From November to December 2016, 878 medical institutions and 118 CDCs of city, county and township/community level in Jiangsu Province were selected as study samples using stratified random sampling method. Self-designed questionnaire was distributed to investigate the institution's malaria work task, RDT strips application and evaluation status in 2015. We also investigated the socio-demographic information and collected the RDT strips evaluation score from the malaria laboratory technicians selected from the institutions investigated (one technician from each institution). Rank sum test was performed to compare the RDT strips evaluation scores between medical institutions and CDCs, and among different medical institutions and CDCs.@*Results@#In 2015, 405 cases of malaria were reported, 362 200 person-time of malaria blood testing task was conducted, and 100 000 RDT strips were procured and provided for healthcare providers in Jiangsu province for free. Of the 996 healthcare institutions investigated, 628 used RDT strips in the year 2015 and the median (P25, P75) of RDT strips volume used in these institutions was 10 (2, 25). The volume of RDT strips used in CDCs (15 (5, 52)) was significantly higher than that in medical institutions (10 (2, 25), (Z=3.42, P=0.001)). The investigated CDCs gave higher score on RDT strips' testing time per operation (10 (8.5, 10)) than medical institutions (9(8, 10), (Z=-2.20, P=0.028)). The employers of 614 investigated malaria laboratory technicians used RDT strips in 2015. The median of the scores given by CDC malaria laboratory technicians for RDT strips in terms of testing time per operation, testing operation and results judgement difficulties were 10 (9, 10), 10 (9, 10) and 10 (9, 10), respectively, which were significantly higher than those from technicians of medical institutions (9 (8, 10), 9 (8, 10), 9 (8, 10), (Z values were -2.55, -2.97 and -2.96, respectively; P values were all less than 0.05)).@*Conclusion@#RDT strips had been widely performed in health institutions in Jiangsu Province. The amount of RDT strips used in CDCs was significantly higher than that in medical institutions. Primary-level institutions and malaria laboratory technicians generally recognized RDT strips' advantage for application in terms of testing time and operational procedure. CDCs and malaria laboratory technicians from them gave higher regards on RDT strips in terms of testing time per operation, testing operation and results judgement difficulties compared with that of medical institutions.
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The overall situation of standardized residency training program in Shanghai was analyzed in terms of resource input,implementation and output of the program.The results showed that 50 hospitals offered residency training programs by 2015,with total 12 557 mentors.There was a certain increase in resource input from both government and hospitals,and organizational management was continuously improved.From 2010 to 2016,a total of 16 241 residents were recruited,and number of residents were increased greatly.Compared with 2010,the recruitment of residents in general practice,pediatrics and anesthesiology in 2016 was increased by 113.3％,98.6％ and 157.4％,respectively.The passing rate of medical licensing examination in institutions providing standardized resident training was 20 percent higher than others,and the passing rate of residency training reached 97％-98％,which showed that the effect of standardized resident training program in Shanghai was satisfactory.In the future,more attentions should be paid to strengthening the training bases,training specialists in the shortage fields and standardizing the training of trainers.
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Objective:The main objective of this study is to analyze the development trend of China's private healthcare providers since the issue of Document No. 58 by the General Office of the State Council in the year 2010. It intends to evaluate the effectiveness of the policy on encouragement and guidance to private healthcare. Methods:(1) Using the statistical data collected from national and provincial healthcare yearbook, we made a comparative a-nalysis on seven indicators regarding the development of private healthcare providers, including the number of health-care providers, the number of beds, the number of healthcare professionals, annual outpatient diagnose-and-treat per-son-times, annual inpatient hospitalization person-times, bed utilization rate and average length of stay for two periods of time (i. e. 2006—2010 and 2011—2015). (2) A field study was conducted to six selected provinces. In these provinces, essential information of the related policy was collected, held stakeholder interviews and focus group dis-cussions among hospital management team and medical workers and visits to several typical private providers were made to understand the policy effectiveness and existing problems. The study also tried to find the key factors for a successful private healthcare provider in China. Results:(1) The results show that since the issue of Document No. 58 in the year 2010 , the number of China's private healthcare providers has greatly increased while the scale and service capabilities of private providers still need to be improved. (2) As per the results again, a great difference ex-ists between provinces in terms of private healthcare provider development during 2010 to 2015 . Conclusion:A posi-tive impact of government regulation on the development of private healthcare providers was noticed. However, China's private healthcare providers are still facing many invisible obstacles and challenges. The government needs to put more focus on building a cross-department coordination and supporting regulation system to advance the sustain-able development of private healthcare providers. Moreover, the government needs to cautiously promote the Public-Private-Partnership ( PPP) to improve the effective allocation of resources in the healthcare market and provide essen-tial support to private healthcare providers in solving the problems they meet during their development process.