Comparative study on the ability of active ingredients in Jinfukang to decrease neutrophils recruiting by lung cancer circulating tumor cells / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AiM: To observe the recruitment effect of lung cancer circulating tumor cells (CTCs) on neutrophils, and find out the effective components of jinfukang in inhibiting the recruitment of neutrophils by CTCs. METHODS: The ability of human lung adenocarcinoma circulating tumor cells CTC-TjH-01 cells to recruit neutrophils from whole blood leukocytes, and the effect of jinfukang and its six active ingredients on the recruitment of neutrophils by CTCs was detected by flow cytometry. CCK-8 assay was used to observe cell viability to determine the concentration of action; transwell chemotaxis assay was used to detect the effect of six active ingredients on the chemotaxis of CTC-TjH-01 cells to neutrophils. RESULTS: CTCTjH-01 cells could increase the recruitment of neutrophils compared to blank control (p < 0.01); after the effect of jinfukang, the neutrophils recruited by CTC-TjH-01 cells decreased (p < 0.01). Trigonelline and Ophiopogonin W reduced neutrophil recruitment to CTC-TjH-01 cells at concentrations that had no effect on cell viability (p < 0.01), trigonelline had the best effect; the chemotaxis of CTC-TjH-01 cells to neutrophils was weakened by trigonelline, astragaloside IVz and Ophiopogon pol-ysaccharide (p < 0.05), and trigonelline had the best effect. CONCLUSiON: jinfukang can inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils by circulating tumor cells, and trigonelline, an effective monomer with "Fuzheng" effect in jinfukang, can significantly inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils by circulating tumor cells in lung cancer, which proves that trigonelline may have the potential to inhibit lung cancer metastasis through targeting neutrophils.

Establishment and Application of in vitro and in vivo Model of Disseminated Tumor Cells with Dormancy / 肿瘤防治研究

Postoperative asymptomatic patients with early cancer (lung cancer) have dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in their metastatic target organs, and the proliferation of these DTCs is the key link leading to clinical metastasis. The development of therapeutic agents to maintain DTCs dormant or eradicate dormant DTCs will prevent tumor metastasis and break through the bottleneck of improving the overall efficacy of treating malignant tumors. This paper reviews the methods of establishing in vitro and in vivo research models of DTCs with dormant characteristics to promote the understanding of dormant DTCs and improve the research and development efficiency of anti-tumor metastasis drugs.

A case report of staphylococcal protein A immunoadsorption therapy for refractory myasthenia gravis / 中华神经科杂志

Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) has a high affinity for human immunoglobulin, and SPA immunoadsorption can specifically reduce the titer of autoantibodies and quickly relieve the clinical symptoms of myasthenia gravis (MG). Recent studies have suggested that immunoadsorption has better clinical efficacy and a lower incidence of adverse reactions than plasma exchange. A case of refractory MG with poor response to corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins and immunosuppressive therapy was reported. The patient had low immune function and progressive pulmonary infection in the later stage of the disease. Respiratory muscle weakness was relieved quickly after four times of immunoadsorption therapy. The value of immunoadsorption in the treatment of refractory MG was explored with literature review.

Research on automatic removal of ocular artifacts from single channel electroencephalogram signals based on wavelet transform and ensemble empirical mode decomposition / 生物医学工程学杂志

The brain-computer interface (BCI) systems used in practical applications require as few electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition channels as possible. However, when it is reduced to one channel, it is difficult to remove the electrooculogram (EOG) artifacts. Therefore, this paper proposed an EOG artifact removal algorithm based on wavelet transform and ensemble empirical mode decomposition. Firstly, the single channel EEG signal is subjected to wavelet transform, and the wavelet components which involve EOG artifact are decomposed by ensemble empirical mode decomposition. Then the predefined autocorrelation coefficient threshold is used to automatically select and remove the intrinsic modal functions which mainly composed of EOG components. And finally the 'clean' EEG signal is reconstructed. The comparative experiments on the simulation data and the real data show that the algorithm proposed in this paper solves the problem of automatic removal of EOG artifacts in single-channel EEG signals. It can effectively remove the EOG artifacts when causes less EEG distortion and has less algorithm complexity at the same time. It helps to promote the BCI technology out of the laboratory and toward commercial application.

Screening and analysis for autophagy / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has become a key epigenetic regulator that regulates gene expression and affects a variety of biological processes. LncRNA plays an important role in the occurrence and development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study on lncRNA in peripheral blood cells of RA patients has been reported. However, there is no study on autophagy regulation by lncRNA in RA patients. This study aims to provide a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of RA via screening the changes of lncRNAs in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs) before and after autophagy and finding the key lncRNAs targeting RA-FLSs autophagy.@*METHODS@#Synovial tissues of 6 RA patients after knee and hip joint surgery were obtained, and RA-FLSs were cultured to the 5th generation for further experiments (tissue culture method). After treatment with mTOR inhibitor PP242, the expression of LC3-II was detected by Western blotting. Total RNAs of 3 cases of RA-FLSs before and after treatment with mTOR inhibitor PP242 were extracted by TRIzol and screened by Agilent Human ceRNA Microarray 2019 (4×180 K, design ID: 086188) chip. The lncRNAs with significantly changed expression levels were selected (difference multiple≥2.0, @*RESULTS@#RA-FLSs were successfully isolated and cultured from the synovial tissues of the patient's knee or hip joint. After 6 RA-FLSs were treated with PP242, the expression level of autophagy marker protein LC3-II was increased (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Differentially expressed lncRNAs in RA-FLSs have been identified with microarray analysis. In RA, differential expression of lncRNAs is involved in the autophagy of RA-FLSs. The underlying mechanisms based on bioinformatics analysis include regulating the secretion of cytokines, such as IL-6, TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-17, participating in the immune cell differentiation, such as Th17, Th1, Th2 cells and osteoclasts, as well as regulating the autophagy pathway, MAPK, FoxO, and other signaling pathways. It has been verified that the expression of ENST0000584721.1 is up-regulated and ENST0000615939.1 is down-regulated after autophagy of RA FLSs, which provides a good experimental basis for further study on the mechanism of lncRNA in RA-FLSs autophagy.

Clinical effect and safety of pegylated interferon-α-2b injection (Y shape, 40 kD) in treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical effect and safety of long-acting pegylated interferon-α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 μg/week) in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a as positive control.@*Methods@#This study was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial. Eligible HBeAg-positive CHB patients were screened out and randomized to Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) trial group and Peg-IFN-α-2a control group at a ratio of 2:1. The course of treatment was 48 weeks and the patients were followed up for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. Plasma samples were collected at screening, baseline, and 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 weeks for centralized detection. COBAS® Ampliprep/COBAS® TaqMan® HBV Test was used to measure HBV DNA level by quantitative real-time PCR. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay with Elecsys kit was used to measure HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe). Adverse events were recorded in detail. The primary outcome measure was HBeAg seroconversion rate after the 24-week follow-up, and non-inferiority was also tested. The difference in HBeAg seroconversion rate after treatment between the trial group and the control group and two-sided confidence interval (CI) were calculated, and non-inferiority was demonstrated if the lower limit of 95% CI was > -10%. The t-test, chi-square test, or rank sum test was used according to the types and features of data.@*Results@#A total of 855 HBeAg-positive CHB patients were enrolled and 820 of them received treatment (538 in the trial group and 282 in the control group). The data of the full analysis set showed that HBeAg seroconversion rate at week 72 was 27.32% in the trial group and 22.70% in the control group with a rate difference of 4.63% (95% CI -1.54% to 10.80%, P = 0.1493). The data of the per-protocol set showed that HBeAg seroconversion rate at week 72 was 30.75% in the trial group and 27.14% in the control group with a rate difference of 3.61% (95% CI -3.87% to 11.09%, P = 0.3436). 95% CI met the non-inferiority criteria, and the trial group was non-inferior to the control group. The two groups had similar incidence rates of adverse events, serious adverse events, and common adverse events.@*Conclusion@#In Peg-IFN-α regimen for HBeAg-positive CHB patients, the new drug Peg-IFN-α-2b (Y shape, 40 kD) has comparable effect and safety to the control drug Peg-IFN-α-2a.

Efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon α-2b injection (Y shape, 40 kD) in treatment of patients with genotype 1/6 chronic hepatitis C / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the efficacy and safety of the new investigational drug pegylated interferon α-2b (Peg-IFN-α-2b) (Y shape, 40 kD) injection (180 µg/week) combined with ribavirin in the treatment of patients with genotype 1/6 chronic hepatitis C (CHC), with standard-dose Peg-IFN-α-2a combined with ribavirin as a positive control.@*Methods@#A multicenter, randomized, open-label, and positive-controlled phase III clinical trial was performed. Eligible patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were screened out and randomly divided into Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40kD) group and Peg-IFN-α-2a group at a ratio of 2:1. The patients in both groups were given oral ribavirin for 48 weeks in addition and then followed up for 24 weeks after drug withdrawal. Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II was used to determine HCV genotype, and Cobas TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure HCV RNA level at 0, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 weeks. Adverse events were recorded in detail. The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virological response (SVR), and a non-inferiority test was also performed.@*Results@#A total of 561 patients with genotype 1/6 CHC were enrolled, among whom 529 received treatment; 90.9% of these patients had genotype 1 CHC. The data of the full analysis set showed that SVR rate was 69.80% (95% CI 65.00%-74.60%) in the trial group and 74.16% (95% CI 67.73%-80.59%) in the control group (P = 0.297 0). The data of the per protocol set (PPS) showed that SVR rate was 80.63% (95% CI 76.04%-85.23%) in the trial group and 81.33% (95% CI 75.10%-87.57%) in the control group (P = 0.849 8), and the 95% CI of rate difference conformed to the non-inferiority standard. The analysis of the PPS population showed that of all subjects, 47.9% achieved rapid virologic response, with a positive predictive value of 93.8%. The incidence rate of adverse events was 96.30% in the trial group and 94.94% in the control group, and the incidence rate of serious adverse events was 5.13% in the trail group and 5.06% in the control group.@*Conclusion@#In the regimen of Peg-IFN-α combined with ribavirin for the treatment of genotype 1/6 CHC, the new investigational drug Peg-IFN-α-2b(Y shape, 40 kD) has comparable clinical effect and safety to the control drug Peg-IFN-α-2a.

Clinicopathological analysis of 3 cases of trichoblastoma / 重庆医学

Objective To summarize and study the clinicopathologic features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tricho-blastoma (TB).Methods The clinicopathological characteristics,histomorphology features and immunophenotype features of TB and differential diagnosis with multiple diseases in 3 cases of TB were retrospectively analyzed;moreover,5 cases of basal cell carci-noma were selected and performed the immunophenotype detection,which focused on the differential diagnosis with TB.Results The masses in 3 cases were located under the skin without connecting with the epidermis and were composed of basal-like cells with palisade arrangement of peripheral cells.The case 1 showed unequal-sized multiple cyst cavities and pigment deposition and was di-agnosed as pigmented TB.The papillary mesenchymal bodies were found in case 2,which was diagnosed as TB.The basal cells of tumor in case 3 distributed as palisade arrangement and formed the wave structure,which was diagnosed as rippled-pattern TB.AR in 3 cases and Bcl-2 in 2 cases were negative expression,CK20 in 1 case was sporadically positive,CD10 stroma and papillary struc-ture in 3 cases were positive,paliform-like arrange tumor cells CD10 around basal cell carcinomas in 5 cases were positive,AR in 4 cases was positive,Bcl-2 in 3 cases was positive and CK20 in 5 cases was negative.Conclusion TB is a benign tumor derived from the hair follicle germinal epithelium with a good prognosis after complete resection and the differential diagnosis focuses on basal cell carcinomas.

Influence of cryogenic treatment and age-hardening heat treatment on the microhardness of palladium-silver dental alloys / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of cryogenic treatment and age-hardening heat treatment on the micro-Vicker's hardness of palladium-silver dental alloys.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A low-gold content dental casting alloy composed of Ag-Pd-Cu-Au was prepared for this study. Experimental specimens according to standard requirements were prepared following a standard dental laboratory casting procedure, cast specimens were heated to 900 degrees C and quenched in ice water. The specimens were then divided into 4 groups. They were subsequently subjected to different treatments, including age-hardening heat treatment, cryogenic treatment, heat treatment combined with cryogenic treatment. The non-treated group was used as control. The micro-Vicker's hardness value was examined. The significance of correlation was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The micro-Vicker's hardness of specimens after age-hardening heat treatment, cryogenic treatment, heat treatment combined with cryogenic treatment increased by 129%, 13% and 141%, respectively, compared with that of the non-treated control group. Conclusion Age-hardening heat treatment and cryogenic treatment were effective in elevating the hardness of Ag-Pd-Cu-Au alloy.</p>

Myeliod sarcoma in cardio-phrenic angle after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Al ogeneic hematopoietic stem cel transplantation is the main method to cure leukemia, but the patients receiving al ogeneic hematopoietic stem cel transplantation stil have to face the risk of recurrence. Myeloid sarcoma is a rare extramedul ary relapse mode with worse clinical outcomes, so it is necessary to understand the characteristics of myeloid sarcoma and relative treatment methods. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment methods of myeliod sarcomas in cardio-phrenic angle after al ogeneic peripheral blood stem cel transplantation. METHODS: One case was diagnosed as single myeloid sacoma in the cardio-phrenic angle after al ogeneic peripheral blood stem cel transplantation. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The clinical effect, complications and survival situation were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patient suffered from bacteremia, fungal pneumonia and even life-threatening sepsis shock during two courses chemotherapies. Then, the patient received radiotherapy for mediastinum and the myeloid sacoma never relapsed. However, the patient suffered central nervous system leukemia after free of the disease for 25 months. Myeliod sarcoma after al ogeneic hematopoietic stem cel transplantation is rare and its manifestation is changeful. The diagnosis mainly depends on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, second transplantation and molecular targeted drugs are the choices of treatment strategy. However, the optimal treatment strategy for individual patients remains to be determined.

Interferon α plus adefovir dipivoxil therapy for patients with HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B nonresponding to interferon monotherapy / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of interferon alpha (IFNα) combined with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) non-responding to 24-week IFNα monotherapy.Methods Sixty CHB patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University during 2009 and 2012 were enrolled in the study.All patients recieved IFNα monotherapy for 24 weeks and had no response.The patients were randomly divided into 3 groups by number table with 20 cases in each group.The experimental group was treated with IFNα combined with ADV,the control group 1 continued IFNα monotherapy,and the control group 2 shifted to ADV monotherapy.Virological,serological and biochemical responses were compared,and adverse reactions were observed.SPSS 19.0 software was used for data analysis.Results After 24 weeks of treatment,there was no statistical difference in HBV DNA loads,ALT levels and titers of HBeAg and HBsAg among three groups (F =0.985,0.717,0.985 and 0.717,P ＞ 0.05).And no HBeAg seroconversion was observed.After 48 weeks of treatment,the experimental group had higher HBV DNA negative conversion rate,ALT normalization rate and HBeAg conversion rate than control group 1 (x2 =10.00,3.956 and 4.800,P ＜ 0.05),but no statistically significant difference was found in HBeAg negative conversion rate (x2 =0.693,P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in HBV DNA and HBeAg negative conversion rates between experimental group and the control group 2 (x2 =1.026,1.905 and 0.156,P ＞0.05),but the HBeAg conversion rate in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group 2 (x2 =4.800,P ＜ 0.05).No HBsAg negative or serological conversion was observed,and there was no significant difference in titers of HBsAg among three groups (F =1.935,P ＞ 0.05).No adverse reaction was observed.Conclusion For patients nonresponding to IFNα monotherapy,combination of IFNα and ADV can achieve higher ALT normalization rate,HBeAg conversion rate and HBV DNA negative conversion rate,and improve the overall efficacy of CHB antiviral therapy.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 199 cases of HIV/AIDS patients / 中华全科医师杂志

During the period of January 2006 to December 2012 at our department,retrospective analyses of epidemiological and clinical data were performed for 199 newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS inpatients and outpatients.The male-to-female ratio was 3.78∶ 1.Their age range was 20-40 years.Migrant workers accounted for a large proportion of infection.Sexual contact was a major route of transmission and it accounted for 88.4％.Most of them had non-marital sexual contact.And all infected marital sexual contacts were women.Asymptomatic patients accounted for 55.8％.Pulmonary infection was the most common clinical manifestation.There were more males than females locally.Most of them were young and middleaged.Sexual contact was a major route of transmission.Out-of-town migrant population was important for transmission.

Intravascular NK/T-cell lymphoma firstly manifesting as gastrointestinal tract symptom and complicated by skin lesions: a case report / 中华皮肤科杂志

A 51-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of upper abdominal distending pain and 1-month history of cutaneous nodules and plaques on the neck, trunk and bilateral thighs. The patient underwent many gastrointestinal tract examinations in several local hospitals, and symptomatic treatment did not work. The biopsy of nodules on the abdomen revealed medium- to large-sized atypical lymphoid cells within numerous small vessels in lower dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue. Additionally, the atypical cells were present exclusively within vascular lumina. Immunohistochemical labeling showed the reactivity of neoplastic cells to CD2, CD99, CD3ε, CD43, CD56, Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small nuclear RNAs (EBER), and cytotoxic proteins such as T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) and perforin, but not to CD4, CD8, CD20, CD79a,CD30, cytokeratin (CK), S100, or CD68. The endothelial cells lining the involved vessels exhibited the reactivity to CD31 and CD34. Based on the above findings, the patient was diagnosed with intravascular NK/T-cell lymphoma firstly manifesting as gastrointestinal tract symptom and complicated by skin lesions. Following combined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, daunorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and etoposide, the patient experienced a quick and satisfactory recovery and the follow-up still continued.

The association between hepatits B virus genotype, the mutations in the basic core gene promoter, pre C/C region and the treatment response to interferon α-1b / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV)genotype, the mutations in HBV basic core gene promoter(BCP), pre C/C gene region and treatment response to interferon (IFN)α-1b. Methods Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were treated with IFNα-Ib for 6 months and were followed up for 6 months after the end of treatment. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was used for determining HBV genotype. HBV DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed for BCP and pre C/C gene region by sequencing. Measurement data were compared using t test and analysis of variance. Enumeration data were compared using chi-square test, Fisher exact probability test.Logistic regression analysis was utilized for multi-factor analysis. Results There were 39 patients who completed the treatment and follow up in this study. At the end of treatment, 16(41.0%) patients showed response to the IFNα-lb treatment. At the end of follow-up, four out of 16 patients who achieved on treatment response relapsed. Among 3a patients, 29 (74.4 %) were infected with genotype B and 10 (25. 6%) with genotype C. The treatment response rates were not significant different between the groups with different genotypes. The double mutation pattern (T1762/A1764) was found in eight (20. 5%) patients. The response rates to IFNα-lb treatment were not significant different between the group with and without double mutation pattern. A1896 mutation was detected in eight patients at baseline. Three of them became HBeAg negative at the end of treatment and returned to HBeAg positive during follow-up. The non-lyphocyte epitope mutations, L60V and I97L, were found in 15 patients (38. 5%) and 14 patients (35.9%), respectively. At the end of follow-up, the patients with 60V had a significantly lower HBeAg seroconversion rate and HBV DNA undetectable rate compared to the patients with 60L (Fisher exact probability test; P = 0.0126 and 0.0069,respectively). The HBV DNA undetectable rates in the patients with 97I were significantly lower than those in patients with 97L both at the end of treatment and the end of follow-up (Fisher exact probability test; P= 0.0484 and 0. 0024, respectively). Logistic regression analysis results showed that there was no association between the above viral mutations and the treatment response to IFNαlb. Conclusions There is no association between HBV genotype, BCP double mutation pattern and IFN-α treatment response. The non-lyphocyte epitope mutations, L60V and I97L, may have impact on IFN-α treatment response.

Apoptosis inducing effect of ponicidin in leukemia K562 cells and its mechanisms of action / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the apoptosis inducing effects of ponicidin (PON) on leukemic K562 cells and its mechanisms of action.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>K562 cells in culture medium in vitro were given different concentrations of PON (10-50 micromol x L(-1)) for 24, 48 and 72 h. The inhibitory rate of the cells was measured by MTT assay, cell apoptotic rates were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) using Annexin V staining after K562 cells were treated with different concentrations of PON for 72 hours, and cell morphology was observed by Wright-Giemsa staining. Western blot was used to detect caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression, and the protein levels in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways (MAPKs, p-P38, p-ERK and p-JNK) as well as p-AKT and p-P85 in PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were also detected.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>PON (over 30 micromol x L(-1)) could inhibit the growth of K562 cells in both time- and dose-dependent manner. FCM analysis revealed that apoptotic cells were gradually increased in a dose-dependent manner after treatment for 72 hours, and that marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis such as condensation of chromatin was clearly observed by Wright-Giemsa staining after treatment by 50 micromol x L(-1) PON. Western blot showed cleavage of the caspase-3 zymogen protein (32 kD), with the appearance of its 17 kD subunit, and a cleaved 89 kD fragment of 116 kD PARP was also found. Furthermore, Western blotting also showed that expression of p-AKT and p-P85 in PI3K/AKT signaling pathways was downregulated dramatically whereas the expression of p-P38 as well as p-ERK and p-JNK remained unchanged after the cells were treated by PON for 48 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results demonstrate that PON exhibits in vitro anti-leukemia effect by induction of apoptosis in K562 cells, and that PON induced apoptosis in K562 cells mainly related to activation of caspase-3 as well as inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via down regulation of the expression of p-AKT and p-P85 protein levels. These results provide strong laboratory evidence for further anti-leukemia trials of PON.</p>

Risk factors for acute kidney injury following 5100 cardiac surgeries with extracorporeal circulation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the incidence and risk factors associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation.@*METHODS@#A retrospective case control study was done in patients who underwent cardiac surgery from 2003 to 2007 in Second Xiangya Hospital, with 340 patients in an AKI group and the other 4 760 patients without AKI as a control group. All variables were analyzed by univariate analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression.@*RESULTS@#AKI occurred in the 340 patients (6.7% incidence). Univariate analysis revealed that age, preoperative serum creatinine, preoperative ejection fraction (EF), preoperative beta2-microglobulin, preoperative blood albumin, preoperative blood uric acid, intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass time, intraoperative aortic cross-clamp time, and dosage of mannitol were significantly related to AKI following cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that preoperative serum creatinine (P<0.001), preoperative ejection fraction (EF) (P<0.001), preoperative beta2-microglobulin (P=0.002), preoperative blood uric acid (P=0.015), intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass time (P<0.001), and intraoperative aortic cross-clamp time (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for AKI.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of AKI after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation is closely related with a variety of perioperative risk factors. Our data suggest that patients planning to accept cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation should be more comprehensively assessed and monitored, thereby preventing the occurrence of AKI.

Anti-proliferation effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist on Raji cells and its mechanism / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the anti-proliferation effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ)agonist troglitazone(TGZ)on leukemic Raji cells and its mechanisms.Methods Raji cells in culture medium in vitro were given different concentrations of TGZ(0～60 μmol/L)for 24,48 and 72 h.The inhibitory rates of the cells were measured by MTT assay,cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry(FCM),agarose gel electrophoresis was used to observe the DNA ladder,and western blotting was used to analyzed the variation of apoptosis related proteins bcl-2,Bax and Survivin.Results TGZ(over 20 μmol/L)could inhibit the growth of Raji cells and cause apoptosis remarkably,the suppression was both in time-and dose-dependent manner.DNA ladder was observed after the cells treated by TGZ for 72 h,and western blotting analysis revealed that anti-apoptotie proteins Survivin and bcl-2 were decreased remarkably while pro-apoptotic protein Bax increased significantly after the cells were treated by TGZ for 48 h.Conclusion PPARγ agonist TGZ can inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis on Raji cells significantly,downregnlating the expression of Survivin and bcl-2 as well as upregulating of Bax expression of Raji cells may be one of its most important mechanisms.

Apoptosis inducing effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist on K562 cells and its mechanism / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the apoptosis inducing effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor r(PPARr)agomst on leukemic K562 cells and its mechanisms of action.Methods K562 cells in culture medium in vitro were given different concentrations of PPARragonist rosiglitazone(RGZ)(20-80 umol/L)for O,24,48 and 72h The inhibitory rate of the cells were measured by MTT assay,cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining,and the expression of P53 protein as well as the activity of caspase-3 were also detected.Results RGZ(over 40umoL/L)could inhibit the growth of K562 cells and cause apopto-sis remarkably,the suppression Was both in time-and dose-dependent manner.The expression of P53 pmtein was upregulated and the activity of caspase-3 Was increased concomitantly after the cells werle treated by RGZ.Conclusion PPARr agonist RGZ(over 40 umol/L)can induce apoptosis on K562 cells signifieantly,upregu-lation the expression of P53 protein as well as increasing caspase-3 activity may be one of its most important mechamisms.

Apoptosis inducing effects of oridonin on THP-1 cells and its mechanisms of action / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the apoptosis inducing effects of oridonin on leukemic THP-1 cells and its mechanisms of action. Methods THP-1 cells in culture medium in vitro were given different concentrations of oridonin (16～56 μmol/L) for 24, 48 and 72 h. The inhibitory rate of the cells were measured by MTT assay, apoptotic morphology was observed by Hoechst 33258 staining, and Annexin V/PI staining was used to detect cell apoptosis by flow cytometry (FCM). Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression were detected by Western blotting. Results Oridonin (over 32 μmol/L) could inhibit the growth of THP-1 cells and cause apoptosis remarkably, the suppression was both in time-and dose-dependentmanner. Marked morphological changes of cell apoptosis such as condensation of chromatin was clearly observed by Hoechst 33258 staining, and Annexin V/PI staining showed that apoptotic cells gradually increased after the cells treated with oridinon. Western blotting showed cleavage of the caspase-3 zymogen protein (32×103), with the appearance of its 20×103 subunit, and a cleaved 89×103 fragment of 116×103 PARP was also found. Conclusion Oridonin can inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in THP-1 cells via activation of caspase-3. The results indicated that oridonin might be an important potential anti-leukemia reagent.

Pathogens from Lower Respiratory Tract:Result and Analysis of Their Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To monitor the distrubution and the change in drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria from lower respiratory tract in patients with comprehensive intensive care to use the antibiotic properly in the clinics.METHODS All lower respiratory infection cases admited to the ICU in 2005-2006 were reviewed,and the distribution of pathogenic bactieria and their drug resistance profile were analyzed.RESULTS 89.3% pathogenic bacteria were Gram-negative ones,among them Pseudomonas aeruginosa(47.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(21.2%) were prevailed.Staphylococcus aureus(6.2%) was the most prominent Gram-positive bacteria,MRSA showed increasing trend.Fungi accounted for 5.8%.All pathogenic bacteria showed high resistance to the antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS The pathogenic bacteria and their resistance to the antibiotics are highly changed at ICU.Intensive observations from the clinicians are recommanded so as to make the antibiotics effective.