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Retinal vein occlusion(RVO), the second most prevalent retinal vascular disease, has complex pathophysiological mechanism. Except for mechanical pressure on blood vessel, inflammation and endothelin have been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of RVO. However, its specific mechanism remains unclear. Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia have been previously shown to be the most common risk factors in elder population, while recent studies found that coagulation and hemorheological abnormalities are more common in people under 50 years old. Ocular risk factors including glaucoma, high corrected intraocular pressure and retinal vessels abnormality, have gained more and more attention. These factors probably exert a synergistic effect when present simultaneously in the same patient. Therefore, early identification and intervention of those factors could lower the incidence of RVO. This article aims to review recent research and summarize existing mechanism and theories, giving some new research ideas for potential therapy targets and providing references for identification and management of risk factors.
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Objective To discuss the efficacy of edaravone combined with batroxobin in the treatment of patients with acute progressive infarction,and its influence on neurological deficit and coagulation.Methods 64 patients with acute and progressive infarction were selected,they were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group,32 cases in each group.The patients of the observation group were given edaravone combined with batroxobin,while the patients of the control group were given batroxobin only.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.63%,which was obviously higher than 78.13% of the control group(χ2 =11.274,P <0.05).The NDS of the observation group was (14.8 ±2.9 )points,which was obviously lower than (17.9 ± 3.3)points of the control group(t =9.98,P <0.05).The level of Fib of the observation group was (2.9 ±0.3)g/L, which was obviously lower than (3.2 ±0.4)g/L of the control group(t =9.34,P <0.05).Conclusion Edaravone combined with batroxobin in the treatment of patients with acute and progressive infarction has significant effect and deserve promotion.
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Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of neonates with non-immune hydrops fetalis.Methods The clinical data of ten neonates with non-immune hydrops fetalis, who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology, Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital of Fudan University between January 2012 and June 2014, were retrospectively studied.Prenatal characteristics, causes, clinical features and prognosis were explored and analyzed with descriptive statistical methods.Results (1) One of the ten neonates was diagnosed after birth presented with hydroderma and abdominal distension, and the rest ones were diagnosed antenatally.There were six males and four females, and eight premature and two term neonates with the average gestational age of (33.6±2.4) weeks and birth weight of(2 680±478) g.(2) The mean maternal age was (30.3 ±4.6) years.Two of the mothers had gestational diabetes mellitus and one had gestational diabetes mellitus complicating with hyperthyroidism.The blood types of all mothers were O and Rh(+).None of the mothers were tested for parvovirus B19 and no fetus was reported with abnormal chromosome karyotype in the five cases received fetal karyotype analysis.(3) The average gestational age at initial identification of hydrops fetalis by fetal ultrasound was (31.3 ± 2.4) weeks (25.1～37.0 weeks) among nine cases diagnosed prenatally.By ultrasound screening, there were seven cases with hydrothorax, six with seroperitoneum, five with polyhydramnios and four with hydroderm.(4) Two neonates had normal non-stress test results during labor, and eight were abnormal and suffered from severe neonatal asphyxia at birth and resuscitated by endotracheal intubation.Ten neonates had hydroderm, seven had hydrothorax, six had seroperitoneum and one had hydropericardium.One complicated with multiple malformations and one had chromosome abnormality.Four cases received thoracentesis and three had abdominal paracentesis after parturition.(5) Prognosis: One neonate survived and nine died among which six due to resuscitation failure in delivery room, two died one day after giving up treatment after one day, and one died due to treatment failure six months after birth.(6) The causes of hydrops fetalis were anemia (two cases) and congenital diaphragmatic hemangioma, recurrent atrial premature beat, Down's syndrome, congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, placental chorioangioma, suspicious genetic syndrome and idiopathic (one for each).Conclusions The prognosis varies because of different etiology of non-immune hydrops fetalis.Neonates with hydrops fetalis might have a higher rate of asphyxia and mortality rate, and difficulties in resuscitation at birth.
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Objective To understand the occurrence and the related risk factors of birth defects. Methods Descriptive analysis was conducted on birth detect surveillance in the infants during January 2008 to June 2014. Results A total of 777 cases of birth defect were detected in 73498 infants, and the incidence of birth defect was 1.06%. The 5 most common birth de-fects were congenital heart disease, multi ifnger (toe), hypospadias, cleft lip, and palate and deformity of external ear. Compared infants born with no birth defects, male, preterm, low birth weight, twin and multiple births and resident were statistically higher in infants with birth defects (P<0.05). The major risk factors of birth defects were the medication history, spontaneous abortion, gestational diabetes mellitus, and family history. Conclusions The incidence of birth defect can be reduced by providing good health care during pre-marriage and pregnant so as to decrease the occurrence of premature infants, twins and multiple births, and low birth weight as well as improving prenatal diagnosis and intensifying birth defects surveillance.