Research on community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity and its benefits for people with mild and moderate disability in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity on the physical activity levels, functional states, and quality of life for people with mild and moderate disabilities in community settings, to ascertain the health benefits of their engagement in such fitness sports activities, anchoring in the WHO "Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030: More Active People for a Healthier World" and the guidelines tailored for people with disabilities, using the theoretical framework and methodology of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsAligning with the WHO guidelines for people with disabilities and the ICF, a community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity program was designed for individuals with mild to moderate disabilities, featuring activities like fitness training (aerobic and resistance exercises), skill exercises (such as balance and coordination), as well as sports and recreational games (ball and games, etc.). A total of 230 people with mild and moderate disabilities were recruited from 20 communities in Shenzhen, with types of disabilities including physical, speech, intellectual, and mental. Professional rehabilitation fitness instructors implemented and supervised the program. The activities were of low to moderate intensity, 30 to 50 minutes per session, five times a month for six months. The community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity progress of these individuals was surveyed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and their overall functioning was evaluated with WHODAS 2.0. The health-related quality of life was measured with WHOQOL-BREF. The health benefits from participation in community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity were assessed in terms of functioning, activity involvement, and quality of life. ResultsAfter the fitness activities, participation levels significantly increased in IPAQ domains of work-related, transport-related, domestic and gardening activity, and leisure time (|t| > 3.391, P < 0.001). The scores significantly decreased in the domains of cognition, activity, self-care, getting along, life activities and participation; and overall scores also decreased in WHODAS 2.0 (t > 6.639, P < 0.001). The scores significantly increased in the four dimensions of WHOQOL-BREF (|t| > 7.486, P < 0.001). ConclusionAfter participating in a six-month community-based rehabilitation exercise and physical activity program of mild to moderate intensity, individuals with mild to moderate disabilities have improved in physical activity and engagement levels, and the overall functioning and quality of life.

Physical activity intervention and its health benefits for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically review the health benefits of different physical activities for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. MethodsCombined with MeSH terms and free words, randomized controlled trials regarding health and functional outcomes of physical activity intervention for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy published up to December, 2023 in databases of Web of Science, PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane and CNKI were retrieved and systematically reviewed. ResultsTen randomized controlled trials were included, involving 402 participants (aged three to 24 years), with Physiotherapy Evidence Database Scale scores of six to eight, from Australia, the United States, Brazil and Netherlands, mainly in the fields of rehabilitation medicine, neuroscience, disability research and physiotherapy, with publication dates concentrated between 2013 and 2020. The physical activities included three types: fitness-related (physical fitness, skill-related fitness), motor skill-related (gross motor skills, fine motor skills) and adaptive physical activity-related (mobility skills, recreational types); 20 to 60 minutes a time, one to five times a week, for seven to 26 weeks; the intensity was moderate to high. Intervention settings involved community and home, schools and rehabilitation institutions. The guidance and support models included sports rehabilitation, adaptive physical activity, and a combined model of sports rehabilitation and adaptive physical activity. The health benefits were reflected in physical activity-related health behaviors, physical function, activities and participation, and quality of life, such as improving the level of physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior; enhancing muscle strength, improving cardiopulmonary function, cardiovascular function, body mass and aerobic capacity, increasing gait speed, joint mobility, balance function and muscle endurance; improving motor function (mobility, movement coordination ability, balance and postural control ability, gait function); improving self-care, promoting participation in family, school and social activities, increasing social performance behaviors, and improving mental health (self-confidence, emotions, self-worth, self-esteem). ConclusionThis study reviewed the health benefits of different physical activities for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. There are three kinds of major physical activities: fitness-related, motor skill-related and adaptive physical activity-related. Physical fitness-related activities help to improve gait function, increase walking speed, enhance muscle strength, improve cardiovascular function, optimize body mass index; skill fitness-related activities can improve balance function. Gross motor skill-related activities can improve postural control ability and muscle endurance; fine motor skill-related activities can enhance the use of fine hands. Adaptive ball-related activities help to increase physical activity levels, increase leisure activity time, improve aerobic capacity, promote family activity participation and social activity participation; adaptive leisure-related activities can improve the quality of life and well-being, improve self-care, enhance self-worth, and increase life satisfaction.

Construction of Chinese Herbal Medicine Traceability System Based on Influencing Factors of Chinese Herbal Medicine Quality / 中国实验方剂学杂志

As a Chinese saying goes， "good Chinese medicinal material makes good medicine"， the quality of Chinese herbal medicines is related to the development prospect of Chinese medicine industry in China. With the rapid development of new technologies such as traceability methods and monitoring instruments， it is imperative to integrate and innovate traditional Chinese herbal medicines with new-generation information technology in view of the quality problems existing in the current production and circulation of Chinese herbal medicines， and it is of great significance for the construction of traceability system to ensure the quality and safety of Chinese herbal medicines and to promote the industry of Chinese herbal medicines to move towards high-quality development. This paper reviews the development history of the traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines in China， takes the influencing factors of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines as the entry point， and proposes that the construction of the traceability system should satisfy the traceability requirements of the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines and their traditional medication experience. By analyzing the influencing factors of the quality of Chinese herbal medicines， it is pointed out that focusing on the influencing factors to build a traceability system is of great significance for targeting the problematic links at a later stage and exploring the interrelationship between environmental factors and the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. Based on the previous explorations， the author summarizes the system framework， functional modules and practical applications of the traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines， and looks forward to the development of a traceability system with risk early warning function and expert decision-making function in its functional development. Finally， based on the factors affecting the quality of Chinese herbal medicines， the author puts forward several thoughts on construction of the traceability system， and makes an in-depth analysis and puts forward a solution for the current situation that a unified， standardized and universal traceability system has not yet been built， with a view to providing ideas and references for the construction of traceability system of Chinese herbal medicines.

Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is inconclusive. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of the available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to explore whether vitamin D supplementation can improve core symptoms and coexisting conditions in children with ASD. Data were obtained by searching the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases up to February 2022 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Using a random-effects model, mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated through a meta-analysis. There were eight RCTs with 266 children with ASD in the present review, among which six RCTs were included in the meta-analysis.Children who received vitamin D supplementation showed a significant improvement in stereotypical behavior scores (pooled mean difference (MD): −1.39; 95% CI: −2.7, −0.07; p = 0.04) with low heterogeneity (I2 = 34%), and there was a trend toward decreased total scores on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS, p = 0.05); however, there were no other significant differences in the core symptoms of ASD and coexisting conditions between groups as measured by the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC). Vitamin D supplementation appears to improve stereotypical behaviors but does not improve other core symptoms and coexisting conditions. Further randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes and individualized doses are needed.

Research progress of cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticle delivery systems for the treatment of lung diseases / 药学学报

Lung is susceptible to external disturbance, resulting in a variety of acute and chronic lung diseases. Functionalized nanoparticles as carriers can carry drugs through multiple biological barriers of lung into lung lesions, but there are some problems such as poor targeting and low therapeutic efficiency. As a drug carrier, membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles have the characteristics of immune system escape, active targeting, inflammatory chemotaxis and crossing physiological barriers due to the retention of the characteristics of the source cells. Therefore, it has been widely used in the treatment of lung diseases in recent years. In this review, the application of membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles in the treatment of lung diseases in the recent years was summarized and classified. Cell membrane sources include erythrocyte membrane, platelet membrane, macrophage membrane, neutrophil membrane, lung epithelial membrane, lung surfactant, endothelial membrane, cancer cell membrane, bacterial membrane, hybrid membrane and so on. The purpose of this review is to provide a new idea for treating lung diseases with membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles.

Cloning and catalytic analysis of Isatis indigotica chalcone isomerase in vitro / 中国中药杂志

Chalcone isomerase is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in higher plants, which determines the production of flavonoids in plants. In this study, RNA was extracted from different parts of Isatis indigotica and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Specific primers with enzyme restriction sites were designed, and a chalcone isomerase gene was cloned from I. indigotica, named IiCHI. IiCHI was 756 bp in length, containing a complete open reading frame and encoding 251 amino acids. Homology analysis showed that IiCHI was closely related to CHI protein of Arabidopsis thaliana and had typical active sites of chalcone isomerase. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that IiCHI was classified into type Ⅰ CHI clade. Recombinant prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-IiCHI was constructed and purified to obtain IiCHI recombinant protein. In vitro enzymatic analysis showed that the IiCHI protein could convert naringenin chalcone into naringenin, but could not catalyze the production of liquiritigenin by isoliquiritigenin. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) showed that the expression level of IiCHI in the aboveground parts was higher than that in the underground parts and the expression level was the highest in the flowers of the aboveground parts, followed by leaves and stems, and no expression was observed in the roots and rhizomes of the underground parts. This study has confirmed the function of chalcone isomerase in I. indigotica and provided references for the biosynthesis of flavonoid components.

Clinical application value of Huanglian Jiedu Pills in improving syndrome of excess heat and fire toxin based on phase Ⅱ clinical trial study on plasma ATP, 4-HNE, and ACTH levels / 中国中药杂志

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center phase Ⅱ clinical trial design was used in this study to recruit subjects who were in line with the syndrome of excess heat and fire toxin, and were diagnosed as recurrent oral ulcers, gingivitis, and acute pharyngitis. A total of 240 cases were included and randomly divided into a placebo group and a Huanglian Jiedu Pills group. The clinical efficacy of Huanglian Jiedu Pills in treating the syndrome of excess heat and fire toxin was evaluated by using the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome scale. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to determine and evaluate the levels of adenosine triphosphate(ATP), 4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE), and adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) in plasma of the two groups before and after administration and to predict their application value as clinical biomarkers. The results showed that the disappearance rate of main symptoms in the Huanglian Jiedu Pills group was 69.17%, and that in the placebo group was 50.83%. The comparison between the Huanglian Jiedu Pills group and the placebo group showed that 4-HNE before and after administration was statistically significant(P<0.05). The content of 4-HNE in the Huanglian Jiedu Pills group decreased significantly after administration(P<0.05), but that in the placebo group had no statistical significance and showed an upward trend. After administration, the content of ATP in both Huanglian Jiedu Pills group and placebo group decreased significantly(P<0.05), indicating that the energy metabolism disorder was significantly improved after administration of Huanglian Jiedu Pills and the body's self-healing ability also alleviated the increase in ATP level caused by the syndrome of excess heat and fire toxin to a certain extent. ACTH in both Huanglian Jiedu Pills group and placebo group decreased significantly after administration(P<0.05). It is concluded that Huanglian Jiedu Pills has a significant clinical effect, and can significantly improve the abnormal levels of ATP and 4-HNE in plasma caused by the syndrome of excess heat and fire toxin, which are speculated to be the effective clinical biomarkers for Huanglian Jiedu Pills to treat the syndrome of excess heat and fire toxin.

Structure, content and psychometric properties of physical activity measurement/reporting tools applicable to children and adolecents with disabilities: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo synthesize the structure, content and psychometric properties of physical activity measurement/reporting tools applied in children and adolescents with disabilities. MethodsLiterature on physical activity measurement/reporting tools for children with disabilities were retrieved from PubMed, Medline, EBSCO, Web of Science and CNKI, from establishment to June, 2023. The main structure and content characteristics of the tools were analyzed using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). The psychometric properties of the tools was assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). ResultsSix tools were selected, and nine papers were finally included. Two tools were globalized standard tools, namely Global Matrix 4.0 Physical Activity Report Card for Children and Youth (Global Matrix 4.0) and the Global Matrix of Para Report Card on Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities (Para Report Card), measuring b455 functions of motor tolerance function, b7 neuromusculoskeletal and motor-related functions; d4 mobility, d450 walking, d470 using transportation, d820 school education, d910 community life, d920 recreation and leisure; e310 immediate family, e320 friends, e460 societal attitudes, and e575general social support services, systems and policies, etc. These tools showed a complete structure, high reliability, validity and feasibility, and could be performed in a self-reported manner or completed by the custodian or school teacher. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) might measure d4 mobility, d450 walking, d640 doing housework, d820 school education, d920 recreation and leisure. IPAQ was good in terms of internal consistency, content and construct validity, and cross-cultural validity, with different test-retest reliability and hypothesis testing results reported in different applied studies. Children and Adolescents Physical Activity and Sedentary-Questionnaire (CAPAS-Q) might measure the d4 mobility, d450 walking, d470 using transportation, d820 school education, and d920 recreation and leisure. CAPAS-Q was good in internal consistency, retest reliability, content and construct validity, but hypothesis testing results and cross-cultural validity were unknown. Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) might measure d4 mobility, d450 walking, d470 using transportation, d820 school education, and d920 recreation and leisure. PAQ-C and PAQ-A were strong in internal consistency, retest reliability, content and construct validity, and cross-cultural validity, without hypothesis testing results. ConclusionIn terms of content, Para Report Card is the most comprehensive and extended physical activity measurement/reporting tool for children and adolescents with disabilities. In terms of the psychometric properties of the instruments, the multidimensional, structured physical activity measures show high internal consistency, retest reliability, and content and construct validity, with varying retest reliability and correlational validity with objective measures across studies.

Adapted physical education programs for psychomotor development in school settings for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of physical activity in an adaptive physical education program on the psychomotor development of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the school setting. MethodsLiterature related to adaptive physical education programs and psychomotor development for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities were retrieved from EBSCO, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI, from the establishment of the library to May, 2023, and systematically reviewed. ResultsSeven English literatures of randomized controlled trials were included, from four countries, involving 236 subjects, aged six to 18 years. The main sources were journals in the fields of sport and psychomotor, developmental disorders, adapted physical education, and children's psychomotor, with publication dates centered after 2016. Physical activity components of adaptive physical education programs in school settings primarily included muscle and balance training, perceptual-motor training, walking up and down stairs, aerobic exercise using equipment (e.g., treadmills, steppers, cross-trainers, and stationary bikes), sit-ups, jumping exercises, rhythmic activities, simultaneous static and dynamic balancing activities while focusing on visual inputs, changing positions at different rhythms and moving through space, breathing and stretching exercises, adapted table tennis motor skill training, ball control exercises, and hand-eye coordination exercises, with an intervention of light-moderate intensity, 45 to 60 minutes a time, one to five times a week, for eight to 24 weeks. The health benefit maily included the enhancement of rhythmic perception as well as the improvement of integrated visual, auditory, and tactile perception; improving muscular strength and endurance, total locomotor capacity and fine-motor capacity such as fine-motor integration, running speed and agility, and balance; improving physical flexibility and coordination, such as upper limb coordination, static balance, strength and flexibility; improvement of correct response, sustained response, and theoretical level of reactivity, and motor flexibility and agility; significant improvements in self-care (eating, dressing, and self-direction), increasing in the number of sit-ups to standard, increasing success in jumping for a ball, and improving motor skill proficiency and executive functioning. ConclusionThis systematic review constructed a PICO for the psychomotor development of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities participating in physical activity in the school setting with an adaptive physical education program based on the PRISMA guidelines. The adaptive physical education program may promote psychomotor development in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in five main areas: perception, motor control, coordination, reaction time, and movement planning and execution.

School health services and effectiveness based on World Health Organization health-promoting school framework: a scoping review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo review the studies related to school health services and their outcomes based on the World Health Organization health-promoting school framework, to synthesize and analyze the main research scopes and related evidence in this field. MethodsLiterature about the interventions and outcomes of implementing health-promoting school health services were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and CNKI, from the establishment to June, 2023, and a scoping review was conducted. ResultsSeven papers were eventually included, involving 76 researches, more than 20 interventions, from five countries, published mainly from 2014 to 2021. The interventions included asthma education training curriculum, oral health education, menstrual management interventions, cognitive anxiety prevention programs, physical activity curriculum, cooking and nutrition curriculum, exercise and fitness interventions, mental health education programs, health-promoting diets curriculum and health education curriculum, and health skills training curriculum. The school health services programs included health screening and monitoring, disease prevention and control, and safety and first aid training for teachers and students. The health benefits of health-promoting school for students included improving health education outcomes and grades in health services elective courses; improving health condition and qualities of learning and life at school, reducing prevalence of chronic diseases and frequency of visiting the emergency room, and alleviating asthma; improving self-esteem, communication skills and social cohesion of the group, alleviating the influence of anxiety and other negative emotion, and increasing awareness of autonomy; improving activities related to healthy living, and positively affecting behaviors, attitudes and action. The health benefits of health-promoting school for teachers included improving pedagogical abilities and skills in teaching physical activity-related curriculum content, and increasing professional support for staff such as knowledge of first aid and participation in the school health service. The health benefits of health-promoting school for schools included promoting the incorporation of health education courses into regular teaching activities and increasing the school's financial investment in the construction of health-related psychosocial environments; promoting the plan and implementation of the health service in the schools. ConclusionThe school-based health services in health-promoting school consisted of two main categories: school curriculum and school health services. The health-promoting school may improve the health conditions, health behaviors and health services for the students, teachers and schools.

School-based physical activity-related health services and their health benefits within the World Health Organization health-promoting school framework: a systematic review of systematic reviews / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically review the types of health-promoting school (HPS) curriculum and physical activity-related health services based on the WHO-HPS framework, and their impact on health of children and adolescents. MethodsThe databases of EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched on school-based physical activity-related services and their health benefits based on the WHO-HPS framework from 2017 to June, 2023. A systematic review of systematic reviews was conducted. ResultsA total of seven English articles were included, covering 147 studies from five countries including Switzerland, the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom and Sweden. The systematic reviews were published in the journals related to child physical education and health, HPS, and school-based physical activity. Based on the WHO-HPS framework, HPS curriculum implemented in schools primarily involved physical education classes (such as incorporating specialized sports programs like yoga and dance, increasing physical activity time) and health education programs related to physical activity. Additional activities included extracurricular programs (such as implementing children's sports, recreational and leisure programs, lunchtime enjoyment activities, and game plans, increasing physical activity time within regular school hours, creating opportunities for physical activity during breaks and after school, and providing daily physical activity plans) and integration of physical activity in other subjects. Physical activity-related health services mainly included health screening and monitoring related to physical activity, adolescent health management, and health promotion activities. The health benefits of the interventions included improvement in aerobic capacity, body mass index, cardiorespiratory function, overall physical health, and significant increases in muscle endurance and strength. They also contributed to the cessation or reduction of prolonged sedentary behavior, increased levels of all-day physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, increased physical activity participation, significant increases in physical activity during school hours, increased proportion of moderate to vigorous physical activity during school time, increased physical activity time, improved leisure and recreational time related to physical activity, enhanced vitality, school quality of life, and energy, improved academic performance, reduced television viewing time, decreased obesity risk, reduced anxiety, improved adaptability and happiness, and promoted positive mental health. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in students' health-related knowledge on physical activity. ConclusionImplementing HPS curriculum and physical activity-related services in schools may improve various aspects of students' health, including physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behavior, behavioral health related to physical activity, and health literacy related to physical activity.

Psychological and behavioral benefits of adapted yoga exercise for children with autism spectrum disorder in special education schools: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveThe psychological and behavioral health benefits participating in yoga activities for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in special education schools were reviewed using the theory and methodology of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsThe literature on benefits of yoga in psychological and behavioral health for students with ASD from special education schools participating in yoga activities was searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI, from January, 2010 to July, 2023, and a systematic review was conducted. ResultsSeven papers from USA, India and Australia were included, mainly from the journals related to autism, sports therapy, and health psychology, published after 2018. The study design was all randomized controlled trials, featuring a total of 207 children with ASD aged five to 15 years. Adopted yoga interventions mainly included Mandala yoga postures, traditional yoga (breathing, posture, partner posture and relaxation) activities, etc. These simple yoga activities were incorporated into the physical health curriculum of special education schools. The benefits of yoga on psychological and behavioral health of students with ASD were mainly reflected in the following aspects: in the field of cognition, it significantly improved working memory, task monitoring, planning/organization and other aspects in reactive joint attention function and executive function; in the field of emotional development and control, it enhanced the ability of emotions/expressing emotions, empathy for others, and awareness of emotional control, and reduced in anxiety states, irritability that occurred in social, emotional, behavioral aspects, and hyperactivity and aggressive behavior; in the field of social and team activities, it improved speech/communication skills, social skills, and teamwork; in the field of psychomotor, it improved overall motor and imitation skills, exercise-related health behaviors, and sedentary behaviors. Yoga activities also relieved sleep problems. The frequency of intervention ranged from twelve to 60 minutes, one to six times a week for eight to 45 weeks. ConclusionIn the context of special education schools, the health benefits of adapted yoga activities are primarily reflected in improving the psychological health, motor function, and social skills of children with ASD.

Mental health services for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a WHO-FICs-based study / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically analyze the typical mental health conditions and psychological disorders of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), to construct a mental health service system and psychological interventions to these mental health conditions of children with IDD . MethodsBased on the framework of the World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs), the mental health conditions and related functioning were analyzed, and the mental health service framework and proposed mental health interventions were constructed.There were six main categories of mental health conditions for children with IDDConclusionThis study systematically analyzed the typical mental health status and related psychological functional impairments of children with IDD. Based on the World Health Organization health service system, a mental health service framework for children with IDD was constructed. Referring to the WHO's continuum of health services, a system of psychological intervention methods for children with IDD was established. Furthermore, the WHO-FICs were used to describe and code the functions of children with IDD, and the ICHI-β3 was applied to code and analyze the related psychological interventions. Resultsmood disorders (anxiety and depression), behavioral disorders (disruptive disorders and challenging behaviors, aggressive behaviors), traumatic disorders (post-traumatic stress disorder), mental disorders (schizophrenia), suicide and self-harm, and learning disabilities (developmental learning disabilities, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Mental health services for children with IDD involved in six dimensions: leadership and governance, fundraising, human resources, service delivery, mental health technologies, and information and research. Mental health services went through the continuum of health services from prevention, treatment, rehabilitation to health promotion. We delivered mental health services for children with IDD in three aspects: identifying and diagnosing mental health problems or conditions, analyzing the main factors caused mental health problems, and analyzing the environmental factors. Mental health service interventions mainly covered five categories: antidepressants, psychotherapy, stress management training, physical exercise training, healthy lifestyle education, consultation and support. Children with IDD may obtain the mental health services in hospitals, rehabilitation institutions, community and school settings.

Structured physical activity programs for children with autism spectrum disorders and their health benefits: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically analyze the content and health benefits of structured physical activity programs for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). MethodsPublished literature related to structured physical activity for children with ASD and its health benefits were searched in Wanfang database, CNKI, Embase, EBSCO and PubMed from January, 2013 to July, 2023. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. ResultsSeven literatures were finally included, from China, USA, Germany, Italy and Turkey. The publication dates concentrated after 2019. The study designs were all randomised controlled trials with 193 children with ASD, aged three to 14 years. Structured physical activity intervention sites included community sports halls, special education schools, rehabilitation wards of children's hospitals, and rehabilitation centers for children with disabilities. The intervention attributes were generally treatment, rehabilitation and health promotion. The content of physical activity mainly included motor skill-based activities (e.g., running, jumping, kicking, hitting, throwing), traditional yoga activities (e.g., breathing, mimicking postures and relaxation, as well as appropriate socialization activities such as encouragement of greeting/farewell songs, touch/contact games and expressive games), and a combination of multiple types of exercises integrated with school-based curricula such as aerobic exercises (walking), endurance exercises (jumping) and neuromuscular exercises (throwing paper airplanes), mindfulness for emotions and body, and judo. The frequency of the intervention ranged from 40 to 90 minutes, one to four times a week; the intensity ranged from mild to vigorous; and the duration ranged from eight to 40 weeks. The physical and behavioral health benefits were reflected in three aspects. In terms of body composition, it could reduce fat and body mass, increase muscle strength, and improve cardiorespiratory function. In terms of function, it could improve children's language and communication function, cognitive and executive function, and motor function. In terms of physical activity-related health behaviors, it could enhance children's motivation to exercise, reduce sedentary behavior, increase social and interactive behavior, improve emotional regulation, and reduce the risk of problematic behaviors. ConclusionThe physical and behavioral health benefits of structured physical activity for children with ASD can be reflected in the areas of body composition, function, and physical activity-related health behaviors.

Evaluation specification of CT images for transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#According to the needs of CT image evaluation for transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), 20 clinical questions were proposed by the Delphi method, 15 questions were initially determined, and 12 clinical questions were summarized and determined by domestic experts. PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI databases were searched by computer to collect the relevant literature from inception to November 2022, and finally 53 studies were included. Based on evidence-based study and evaluation experience, 3 meetings were held to give recommendations for preoperative CT data acquisition method, preoperative imaging evaluation of aortic root, imaging evaluation of transapical approach, preoperative auxiliary guidance of TAVR by CT images combined with 3D printing, and postoperative imaging evaluation of transapical TAVR, hoping to promote the standardized and successful development of transapical TAVR in China.

Early thrombotic risks and prophylactic anticoagulation after liver transplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

In early stage after liver transplantation(LT), coagulation function of recipients stays in a fragile balance. Affected by a variety of complex mechanisms, blood is usually hypercoagulable. An imbalance between coagulation factors and physiological anticoagulants, elevated level of vWF, an occurrence of fibrinolysis inhibition and dosing of immunosuppressive agents cause a hypercoagulable state in an early stage after LT. Blood hypercoagulability may lead to such thrombotic complications as hepatic artery, portal vein and deep vein thromboses. Some studies have demonstrated that postoperative prophylactic anticoagulation has some effect in reducing the risks of early postoperative thrombosis. However, there is still a great lack of high-quality evidence. This review summarized the latest researches on early coagulation dysfunction, thrombosis and preventive anticoagulation after LT.

Role of nuclear medicine in the European guidelines for prostate cancer / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy of the male genitourinary system. In 2022, the European Association of Urology (EAU) published an update of the guidelines for prostate cancer, following the updating of evidence. The clinical application of nuclear medicine diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in the staging and grading, screening and assessment of prostate cancer, especially metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, is becoming more and more valuable. This article aims to introduce the application of nuclear medicine recommended in the 2022 edition of EAU guidelines for prostate cancer based on the latest clinical evidence.

Structural asymmetries in neonatal brain white matter: a diffusion tensor imaging study / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the asymmetry of neonatal brain white matter using fractional anisotropy (FA) parameter generated from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).Methods:From January 2011 to June 2013, 88 neonates with normal cranial MRI performance, aged 1-14 (7.7±0.3) days and gestational age 31-42 (37.5±0.3) weeks, were retrospectively collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University. According to the gestational age at birth, the neonates were divided into preterm group (37 cases) and term group (51 cases). DTI was processed to generate FA parametric maps. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to analyze the asymmetry in neonatal white matter. Regions of interest were placed in bilaterally symmetrical white matter tracts. The white matter tracts included the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract-posterior limb of the inner capsule (CST-IC), corticospinal tract-corona radiata, cingulum hippocampus part (CGH), inferior frontal occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus temporal part (SLF-temp). The FA value was measured and asymmetry index (AI) was calculated. The independent-sample t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the AI of each tract between the preterm and term groups. Partial correlation was used to analyze the effects of neonatal gestational age and birth anthropometric measures on the asymmetry of neonate at birth. Results:The results of TBSS showed that the left lateralized areas of brain white matter in the neonatal period were mainly located in the corticospinal tract, external capsule and genu of corpus callosum. The right lateralized areas of brain white matter in the neonatal period were mainly located in the optic radiation and splenium of corpus callosum. In both the preterm and term groups, the tracts related to motor (CST-IC) and language function (ILF, SLF, SLF-temp) were left asymmetry. The CGH of the preterm and the term neonates were right asymmetry, and AI was -0.086±0.114 and -0.140±0.108 respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( t=2.27, P=0.026), while the differences of AI in the remaining tracts were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Only gestational age was correlated with the AI of ILF ( r=0.234, P=0.033), SLF ( r=0.259, P=0.018), SLF-temp ( r=0.252, P=0.022), CST-IC ( r=0.235, P=0.033). No significant correlation was found between birthweight, head circumference, body length and AI. Conclusions:The asymmetries of brain white matter already exist in neonates aged less than two weeks. The tracts associated with motor and language function are predominantly left asymmetry.

Expert consensus on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for elderly patients with hip fractures (version 2023) / 中华创伤杂志

Hip fractures are among the most common fractures in the elderly, presenting to be a leading cause of disability and mortality. Surgical treatment is currently the main treatment method for hip fractures. The incidence of perioperative malnutrition is increased after hip fractures in the elderly due to the comorbidities, decreased basal metabolic rate, accelerated protein breakdown, weakened anabolism and surgical stress. However, malnutrition not only increases the incidence of postoperative complications, but also leads to increased mortality, indicating an important role of perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. At present, there still lacks scientific guidance and application standards on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. Therefore, the Orthopedic Nursing Committee of Chinese Nursing Association and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Expert consensus on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for elderly patients with hip fractures ( version 2023) according to evidence-based medical evidences and their clinical experiences. Fourteen recommendations were made from aspects of nutrition screening, nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention and nutrition monitoring to provide guidance for perioperative nursing management of nutrition in elderly patients with hip fractures.

Rapid authentication of different herbal medicines by heating online extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry / 药物分析学报

The rapid and accurate authentication of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs)has always been a key scientific and technical problem in the field of pharmaceutical analysis.Herein,a novel heating online extraction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(H-oEESI-MS)was developed for the rapid and direct analysis of extremely complex substances without the requirement for any sample pretreatment or pre-separation steps.The overall molecular profile and fragment structure features of various herbal medicines could be completely captured within 10-15 s,with minimal sample(＜0.5 mg)and solvent consumption(＜20 μL for one sample).Furthermore,a rapid differentiation and authentication strategy for TCMs based on H-oEESI-MS was proposed,including metabolic profile characterization,characteristic marker screening and identification,and multivariate statistical analysis model validation.In an analysis of 52 batches of seven types of Aconitum medicinal materials,20 and 21 key compounds were screened out as the characteristic markers of raw and processed Aconitum herbal medicines,respectively,and the possible structures of all the characteristic markers were comprehensively identified based on Com-pound Discoverer databases.Finally,multivariate statistical analysis showed that all the different types of herbal medicines were well differentiated and identified(R2X＞0.87,R2Y＞0.91,and Q2＞0.72),which further verified the feasibility and reliability of this comprehensive strategy for the rapid authentication of different TCMs based on H-oEESI-MS.In summary,this rapid authentication strategy realized the ultra-high-throughput,low-cost,and standardized detection of various complex TCMs for the first time,thereby demonstrating wide applicability and value for the development of quality standards for TCMs.