Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy predicts radiotherapy response and time-to-progression in high-grade gliomas after surgery / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Reliable early prediction response to therapy and time-to-progression (TTP) remain an important goal of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) research. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) has been applied with variable success in clinical application, and we hypothesize that (1)H-MRS in predictive value should perform well as a marker of TTP in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) after surgery.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>(1)H-MRS was performed before surgery on 25 patients who had undergone resection of HGGs; then the ratios of lipid/creatine (Lip/Cr) and myo-inositol/creatine (mI/Cr) were determined in the solid tumor. RT response was classified as follows: complete resolution (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), and progressive disease (PD) by comparison of pre-treatment and post-radiotherapy scans. TTP was defined at the time to radiographic progression by MacDonald criteria. Correlation was evaluated between the ratios of Lip/Cr, mI/Cr and treatment response, TTP. The chi-square test and Pearson correlation test were used for data analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Multivariate analysis revealed that the prognostic value of spectroscopic variables was independent of age, sex, WHO histologic grade, extent of surgery, and Karnofsky score (KPS). The correlation between the ratios of lipid/Cr and TTP was significant (r = 0.894, P = 0.000), and between the ratios of mI/Cr and TTP was also significant (r = 0.891, P = 0.000). As predicted, RT response correlated significantly with TTP (r = 0.59, P = 0.002): median TTP was 49.9 days for patients with PD compared with 202.7 days for SD, 208.0 days for PR, and 234.5 days for CR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ratios of Lip/Cr and mI/Cr of the solid tumor region before surgery could provide important information in predicting RT response and TTP in patients with HGGs treated by radiation alone after surgery.</p>

Regional homogeneity analysis on acupoint specificity with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The mechanism of acupuncture analgesia in craniotomy has been widely studied. However, the theoretical basis for selection of acupoints has not been examined. In this study, we used the regional homogeneity method blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals to determine changes in brain activity in response to transcutaneous electrical stimulation on acupoints and non-acupoints in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. BOLD fMRI scanning of the brain was performed for 306 seconds before and 30 minutes after transcutaneous electrical stimulation on acupoints UB63 (Jinmen), LV3 (Tai chong), ST36 (Zusanli), and GB40 (Qiuxu). The procedure was repeated after one week with stimulation on non-acupoints (one was 9 above BL67, the second was 12 above BL67 (Kunlun), the third was 7 above KI3, and the fourth was 10 above KI3 (Taixi)).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The regional homogeneity in the acupoint group was increased in the left thalamus, caudate, putamen, lentiform nucleus (BA19, 30, 39), postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus (BA3, 4, 30, 32), calcarine fissure, middle temporal gyrus (BA30), right superior temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus (BA38), cuneus, and precuneus (BA7, 19) when compared to the non-acupoint group. The regional homogeneity of the acupoint group was decreased in the left cerebellum posterior lobe, middle frontal gyrus (BA10), double-side precuneus (BA7), and the postcentral gyrus (BA40).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The brain region activated following acupoint stimulation is the ipsilateral pain-related brain region, which may relate to the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on pain relief. Further acupoint stimulation causes different central nervous responses compared to non-acupoint stimulation.</p>

Medical care delivery at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND: Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic Games, and the services including medical services were widely appreciated by both participants and visitors. We retrospectively analyzed the quality of the medical services provided to athletes, spectators, VIPs, and the workforce during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The information thus gathered would be useful for planning strategies for managing mass gatherings. METHODS: Medical encounter forms filled during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the data by accreditation and diagnostic categories. RESULTS: A total of 22892 medical encounters were documented during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Among them, 10549 (46.08％) involved the workforce, 3365 (14.70％) athletes, 3019 (13.19％) spectators, 585 (2.56％) members of the media, 1065 (4.65％) VIPs, and 4309 (18.82％) others. Of the 22892 cases, physical injury accounted for 27.90％ (6386), respiratory disease 18.21％ (4169), and heat-related illnesses 2.68％ (615). CONCLUSIONS: Preparations of the medical service for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games were made for 7 years, and the service provided has been praised worldwide. This study provides valuable information that may be useful for planning medical services for upcoming Olympic Games, including the London 2012 Olympic Games and other mass gatherings.

Disease distribution and medical resources during the Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Appropriate planning and staffing for medical services at large-scale athletic events is essential to provide for a safe and successful competition. There are few well-documented accounts describing the demand for such services. The present study provided the data from the Beijing 2008 Olympics and Paralympics, with a view to provide the guidance for planning future events.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 22 029 and 8046 patients, who received medical care from a physician at an Olympic or Paralympic medical station, were included. The patient proportion among different personnel, various disease proportions at different kinds of venues, and the disease spectrum at specified venues at the Olympics and Paralympics were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At both games, the patient proportion varied by accreditation status. The staff accounted for the largest number of visits at the Olympics (44.83%) and Paralympics (36.95%), with respiratory diseases the most common. Various disease spectrums were discovered at the different kinds of venues. Surgical diseases were the most frequently listed reason for visits, both at competition and non-competition venues, especially during the Paralympics. The sport-related injuries accounted for a majority of the surgical cases during both games. At training venues, ear nose and throat diseases accounted for the greatest number of visits during both games.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>During both games, people contracted different diseases at different venues. Adequate surgeons should be designated to offer assistance mostly in trauma situations. Appropriate numbers of physicians in respiratory diseases and otorhinolaryngology is of great importance.</p>

Preoperative 3T high field blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging for glioma involving sensory cortical areas / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Localization of sensory cortical areas during the operation is essential to preserve the sensory function. Intraoperative direct electrostimulation under awake anesthesia is the golden standard but time-consuming. We applied 3T high field blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify the relationship between glioma and cortical sensory areas preoperatively and to guide intraoperative direct electrostimulation for quick and precise localization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five glioma patients with sensory cortex involvement by or next to the lesion had preoperative BOLD fMRI to determine the spatial relationship of cortical sensory areas to the tumours. Bilateral hand opposite movement was performed by these patients for fMRI. Precentral and postcentral gyri were identified by electrical stimulation during the operation. Karnofsky Performance Status scores of the patients' pre- and postoperative and the role of BOLD fMRI were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cortical sensory areas were all activated in five glioma patients involving postcentral gyrus areas by BOLD fMRI with bilateral hand opposite movement. The detected activation areas corresponded with the results from cortical electrical stimulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The relationship between cortical sensory areas and tumour can be accurately shown by BOLD fMRI before operation. And the information used to make the tumour resection could obtain good clinical results.</p>

Preoperative blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with gliomas involving the motor cortical areas / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) plays an important role in identifying functional cortical areas of the brain, especially in patients with gliomas. This study aimed to assess the value of fMRI in presurgical planning and functional outcome of patients with gliomas in the motor cortical areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-six patients with gliomas in the motor cortex were recruited in the study. Before operation, fMRI was performed in each patient to obtain the mapping of bilateral hands area on the primary sensorimotor cortex. This examination was performed on a 3.0T scanner with a bilateral hands movement paradigm. During microsurgery under awake anesthesia, the motor area was identified using direct electrical stimulation and compared with preoperative mapping. Finally the tumor was resected as much as possible with the motor cortex preserved in each patient. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) was evaluated in all patients before and after operation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-three patients showed a successful fMRI mapping. Among them, 19 were classified to be grade III; 4, grade II; 3, grade I. The operation time was about 7 hours in the 23 patients, 8.5 hours in the other 3. The pre- and postoperative KPS score was 82.3 +/- 8.6 and 94.2 +/- 8.1, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preoperative fMRI of the hand motor area shows a high consistency with intraoperative cortical electronic stimulation. Combined use of the two methods shows a maximum benefit in surgical treatment.</p>

Dynamic radiological change of gliomas located in the paralimbic system and its clinical significance / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The paralimbic system, which is composed of three parts, is an important functional unit. Gliomas located in the region remain a challenge for clinical treatment. However, the dynamic change of gliomas in the area has not been well documented. The purpose of this study was to identify the growth tendency of gliomas located in the paralimbic system and to obtain some suggestions for clinical treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eleven cases of gliomas located in the paralimbic system were recruited in the study. All of them were proven by pathology. Analysis of the serial radiological examinations in each patient was performed from the initial to the final examination, taking into consideration the following items: initial tumor location, final location and the growth tendency.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the initial and final examinations the ratios of insula involvement were 64% and 100%, respectively. On the other hand, the ratios of gliomas located in two or more parts of paralimbic system increased from 64% to 100% during the dynamic examination.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Even though the paralimbic system is composed of three independent anatomical parts, gliomas tend to involve all three parts, especially the insula. Therapeutic plans should aim at the whole region of the system, even during the early stages of gliomas.</p>

Related factors on quality of life in 291 outpatient adults with epilepsy / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess and explore the quality of life and related factors among 291 outpatient adults with epilepsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July, 2005 to July, 2006, eligible outpatient epilepsy in a hospital was evaluated by the scale on quality of life in epilepsy-31 (Chinese version).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total scores of quality of life was low (56.46 +/- 16.58). The scores of quality of life in each item were as follows: seizure worry (45.01 +/- 25.25); overall quality of life (56. 12 +/- 16.37); emotional well-being (59.35 +/- 19.56); cognitive function (58.58 +/- 22.41); energy/fatigue (59.12 +/- 18.98); medication effects (40.45 +/- 24.44) and social function (53.00 +/- 26.36). The quality of life of patients with different education background, drug intake and side effects was different significantly (P < 0.05). Data on Multi-linear regression showed that education background, side effects would affect the quality of life.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The quality of life of outpatient adults with epilepsy was low with education background, while side effects and drugs intake might serve as important factors affecting the quality of life with epilepsy.</p>

Function magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor tractography in patients with brain gliomas involving motor areas: clinical application and outcome / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of preoperative blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) to identify the relationship between motor cortical area, pyramidal tracts with brain gliomas in neurosurgical treatment of intraoperative electrical stimulation for gliomas involving motor areas at 3T.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-eight patients with brain gliomas involving motor areas were included. They underwent MRI examination, which included conventional T1WI, T2WI, BOLD-fMRI of bilateral hands movement paradigm and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The data of BOLD-fMRI and DTI were transferred to the workstation (Leonardo syngo 2003A, Siemens) and analyzed. Activation mapping of hands movement, fractional Anisotropy (FA) Color and three dimensional pyramidal tracts were produced. The relationship between motor cortical area, pyramidal tracts and brain gliomas was demonstrated, which was used to optimize the pre-surgical planning. With guidance of the result of BOLD-fMRI and DTT, all patients received microsurgery under anaesthesia retaining consciousness using intraoperative motor functional brain mapping with the method of direct electrical stimulations. The brain lesions were removed as far as possible in the case of eloquent areas and sub-cortical important white matters preservation. The preoperative and postoperative KPS of all patients were operated to evaluate the state of patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BOLD-fMRI, DTI were performed successfully in 28 patients. The relationship between the primary motor cortex, premotor area, supplementary motor area, pyramidal tracts and brain gliomas localized by preoperative fMRI and DTI. Under anaesthesia retaining consciousness, the primary motor area was monitored by the method of direct electrical stimulations with the guidance of preoperative BOLD-fMRI. There was good correlation between preoperative fMRI and intraoperative cortical stimulation. Furthermore, the preoperative mappings and DTT could make up for the un-monitored motor areas and pyramidal tracts during operative cortical stimulation. Comparing the preoperative KPS, the postoperative KPS was advanced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>BOLD-fMRI and DTT could non-invasively localize the relationship between brain motor cortex, pyramidal tracts and brain gliomas in vivo to optimize the surgical planning, guide the microsurgery under anaesthesia retaining consciousness using intraoperative motor functional brain mapping with the method of direct electrical stimulations and remove brain tumors as far as possible in the case of eloquent areas and sub-cortical important white matters preservation.</p>

Intra-arterial thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke of the cervical internal carotid artery occlusive disease / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the safety and efficacy of local intra-arterial thrombolysis (LIT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke of cervical internal carotid artery occlusive disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>10 patients were treated by LIT. 2 of 10 patients were further treated by either angioplasty or endarterectomy. Primary neuroradiological assessment was performed with CT in all patients. Angiographic recanalization level was classified according to thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grades. Clinical outcome was classified as good for Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) scores of 0 to 3 and as poor for MRS scores of 4 to 6.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Complete/partial recanalization after infusion was accomplished in 8 patients, seven of whom had good clinical outcome. Cerebral hemorrhage occurred in 2 of 10 patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study suggest that LIT may be helpful to improve the outcome in patients with acute cervical internal carotid artery occlusive disease if it is performed within 6 hours of stroke onset.</p>

Diffusion tensor tractography of language functional areas and fiber pathways in normal human brain / 中华放射学杂志

0.05),the mean FA on the left was higher than the right(t=1.912,P