Genomic structure of varicella-zoster virus and its vaccine application status / 中华预防医学杂志

With the determination of the whole genome sequence of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) virus, the successful breakthrough of infectious cloning technology of VZV, and the emergence of effective preventive vaccines, which have been proven to be effective and safe, varicella has become a disease preventable by specific immunity. This article will review the genomic structure, epidemiological characteristics, and research application progress of varicella vaccine and herpes zoster vaccine of varicella zoster virus to provide reference for primary prevention of the disease.

Comparison of femoral tunnel and early curative effect analysis between arthroscopic three approach and traditional anteromedial portal for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To study the three-approach and traditional anterior medial technique to establish the femoral tunnel of position, length, and coronal angle and the early efficacy of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.@*METHODS@#Through retrospective research, from December 2018 to June 2019, a total of 36 patients diagnosed with simple anterior cruciate ligament tear and undergoing surgery were collected. All patients had a clear history of knee sprains and were divided into two groups. A group of 16 patients, including 11 males and 5 females, with an average age of (30.13±6.54) years and an injury time of 7 to 60 (30.19±15.78) days, three-approach technique was used to drill the femoral tunnel to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament. Another group of 20patients, including 15 males and 5 females, with an average age of (30.80±8.60) years, and an injury time of 7 to 60 (27.35±15.50) days, the traditional anterior medial approach was used to drill the femoral tunnel to reconstruct anterior cruciate ligament. CT 3D reconstruction technique was used to evaluate the femoral tunnel and the knee joint function was evaluated by Lysholm score of the knee joint.@*RESULTS@#All patients achieved primary healing after the surgical incision. No femoral tunnel fracture, vascular and nerve damage, difficulty in graft passage during the operation, and venous thrombosis occurred. All 36 patients were followed up on an outpatient basis, with a follow up period of 9 to 15 (12.00±2.83) months. Three-dimensional CT reconstruction was used to evaluate the femoral tunnel of the patients. The position of the femoral tunnel was described using the quartile method as the three-approach group:the lower (27.83±1.97) % of the femoral condyle and the posterior (25.57±3.20) %;the traditional approach group:the lower (28.38±3.21) % of the femoral condyle and the posterior (26.23±3.20) %. Bone tunnel length, three-approach group:(35.20±5.52) mm in total length, (23.20±2.07) mm in thick bone tunnel;traditional approach group:(34.60±4.26) mm in total length, (22.56±2.50) mm in thick bone tunnel. Coronal plane angle, three-approach group:(47.93±5.98) °;traditional approach group:(41.78±6.62) °. Knee joint Lysholm score, three-approach group:48.67±4.18 before surgery;97.00±2.48 at last follow up;traditional approach group:49.75±5.33 before surgery, 97.30±2.68 at last follow up, there were significant differences before and after surgery, no significant statistical difference between two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The positions of the femoral tunnel drilled by the two methods were within the range of the anatomic stop of the anterior cruciate ligament, and there was no statistical difference. Compared with the traditional anterior medial approach, the coronal plane angle of the femoral tunnel drilled by the three-approach approach is relatively large, and there were no statistical differences in the length of the tunnel, the early postoperative effect of the two surgical methods, and the operation time. But the three approach has a wider and clearer vision. In addition, the knee flexion angle required for drilling the femoral tunnel during surgery is significantly smaller than that of traditional approach technology, which reduces the difficulty of surgery.

Sensitivity of different cytotoxic responses of Vero cells exposed to organic chemical pollutants and their reliability in the bio-toxicity test of trace chemical pollutants / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find a sensitive cytotoxic response to reflect the bio-toxicity of trace organic pollutants, the sensitivity and reliability of morphological change and proliferation inhibition of Vero cells exposed to 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and the leachate from products related to drinking water (PRDW) were compared, and the mechanism of the morphological change in Vero cells exposed to chemical pollutants was studied.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Vero cells were treated by different concentration of TCP and the leachate from PRDW. Methylthiazol-2-yl-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was carried out for proliferation inhibition. Bioluminescence method was carried out as another method to test the toxicity of TCP. Flow Cytometry assay was used to test cell Apoptosis and damage of cell-membrane.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>0.25 mg/L TCP had an effect on cell morphology, and the proportion of morphologically changed cells increased with increasing TCP concentration. At low TCP concentrations, inhibition of cell proliferation did not seem to correlate to TCP concentration, and was negative when TCP concentration was <1.0 mg/L. After exposure to leachate from PRDW extracted at different temperatures, the percentage of morphologically changed cells increased with extracting temperature, but the inhibition of cell proliferation failed to reflect the correlation between extracting temperature and proliferation inhibition of Vero cells. Although the Sensitivity of bioluminescence method seems to be similar to morphological change in Vero cells, the bacterial in this method is not homologous enough with human body cells to reflect the toxicity to human body. These imply cell morphological change is a more sensitive and reliable method to reflect bio-toxicity of organic pollutants than proliferation inhibition. Flow cytometry analysis and cell rejuvenation experiments indicated cell membrane damage, which results in cell morphological change, was an early and sensitive cytotoxic response comparing with necrosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicated that the cell membrane toxicity represented by morphological changes is a more sensitive and reliable method to indicate the composite bio-toxicity of trace chemicals than proliferation inhibition, inhibition on bioluminescence and necrosis. Nevertheless, the quantification of morphological change should be studied further.</p>