Differential diagnosis and surgical management in chondrosarcoma of the jugular foramen / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the diagnosis, surgical management and outcome of jugular foramen chondrosarcoma (CSA). Methods: Fifteen patients with jugular foramen CSA hospitalized in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Chinese PLA General Hospital from December 2002 to February 2020 were retrospectively collected,of whom 2 were male and 13 were female, aging from 22 to 61 years old. The clinical symptoms and signs, imaging features, differential diagnosis, surgical approaches, function of facial nerve and cranial nerves IX to XII, and surgical outcomes were analyzed. Results: Patients with jugular foramen CSA mainly presented with facial paralysis, hearing loss, hoarseness, cough, tinnitus and local mass. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) could provide important information for diagnosis. CT showed irregular destruction on bone margin of the jugular foramen. MR demonstrated iso or hypointense on T1WI, hyperintense on T2WI and heterogeneous contrast-enhancement. Surgical approaches were chosen upon the sizes and scopes of the tumors. Inferior temporal fossa A approach was adopted in 12 cases, inferior temporal fossa B approach in 2 cases and mastoid combined parotid approach in 1 case. Five patients with facial nerve involved received great auricular nerve graft. The House Brackmann (H-B) grading scale was used to evaluate the facial nerve function. Preoperative facial nerve function ranked grade Ⅴ in 4 cases and grade Ⅵ in 1 case. Postoperative facial nerve function improved to grade Ⅲ in 2 cases and grade Ⅵ in 3 cases. Five patients presented with cranial nerves Ⅸ and Ⅹ palsies. Hoarseness and cough of 2 cases improved after operation, while the other 3 cases did not. All the patients were diagnosed CSA by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, with immunohistochemical staining showing vimentin and S-100 positive, but cytokeratin negative in tumor cells. All patients survived during 28 to 234 months' follow-up. Two patients suffered from tumor recurrence 7 years after surgery and received revision surgery. No complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection occurred after operation. Conclusions: Jugular foramen CSA lacks characteristic symptoms or signs. Imaging is helpful to differential diagnosis. Surgery is the primary treatment of jugular foramen CSA. Patients with facial paralysis should receive surgery in time as to restore the facial nerve. Long-term follow-up is necessary after surgery in case of recurrence.

Preparation of resveratrol nanoemulsions and evaluation their pharmacokinetics profiles in rats in vivo / 中草药

Objective :To fabricate resveratrol nanoemulsions and probe their pharmacokinetics profiles in rats in vivo. Methods The nanoemulsions of resveratrol were tailored by using aethylis oleas as the oil phase, Cremophor RH40 as emulsifiers, absolute alcohol as co-emulsifiers, respectively. The formulation was optimized by pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and their physicochemical properties of nanoemulsions were characterized by particle size distribution, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pharmacokinetics experiments were also performed in rats after gavage and the plasm concentration of resveratrol were determined by HPLC as well as the profiles of pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by Drug and Statistics (DAS) software. Results: The formula of nanoemulsions were as follows: the ratio of resveratrol-aethylis oleas-mixture surfactant- distilled water was 1:10:24:65. The average particle size diameters of prepared resveratrol nanoemulsions were about 40 nm and the droplets of nanoemulsions were in spherical shape observed by TEM. The results of IR disclosed that the active trans-resveratrol presented in the oil droplet of the nanoemulsions. Compared with resveratrol suspensions, the bioavailability of resveratrol nanoemulsions was increased 1.45-fold, and Cmax reached to 1.93-fold. Conclusion : These results indicated that nanoemulsions may be a promising tool for the delivery of resveratrol.