Population pharmacokinetics of naringin in total flavonoids of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. in Chinese women with primary osteoporosis / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of covariates on the pharmacokinetic profiles of naringin in the total flavonoids of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. in the Qianggu Capsule () by evaluating Chinese women with primary osteoporosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 98 female patients from the communities of Jingshan, Beixinqiao, Jiaodaokou, Chaoyangmen, and Donghuamen in Beijing, China, aged 40 to 80 years, were included in this study. Blood samples were collected before and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after a single oral dose of Qianggu Capsule. The concentration in blood samples from 32 patients before and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after drug administration were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, and full set of pharmacokinetic data was analyzed with nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM) software. The mean of population parameters clearance (C1), central distribution volume (V), absorption rate constant (Ka1), inter-compartmental clearance (C2), peripheral distribution volume (V2) were set as parameters and estimated through base model, covariate model, and final model. Age, height, weight, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), hyperlipidemia, Liver (Gan) Kidney (Shen) yin insufficiency (GSYI), Kidney (Shen) yang insufficiency (SYI) were set as covariates.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relationships between these parameters and covariates were analyzed. The results showed that C1 was the main parameter influenced by the selected covariates among the population parameters, and the relationships between the covariates and C1 were analyzed, among the selected covariates hyperlipidemia was identified as significant covariate of C1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pharmacokinetic behaviors of naringin are altered with hyperlipidemia in Chinese women with primary osteoporosis.</p>

A family-based association study of FXYD6 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FXYD6 gene and schizophrenia in a family-trios population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six SNPs (rs10790212, rs11544201, rs555577, rs1815774, rs4938446 and rs497768) in the FXYD6 gene were genotyped by allele-specific PCR method in 101 nuclear families, and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SNPs rs10790212 and rs11544201 showed significant association with schizophrenia (P<0.05). Furthermore, significant association of schizophrenia with the haplotype rs10790212-rs11544201 was found (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FXYD6 gene might play an important role in schizophrenia susceptibility and functional analysis of FXYD6 are needed.</p>

Diagnostic value of ADC and rADC of diffusion weighted imaging in malignant breast lesions / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of patients with breast diseases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-three consecutive patients were scanned with GE signa HDx 1.5 T magnetic resonance system equipped with 8-channel breast coil. DWI was scanned by SE-EPI sequence in b values of 500 s/mm(2) and 800 s/mm(2), respectively. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of these lesions were measured. The mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) of these lesions were calculated in b values of 500 s/mm(2) and 800 s/mm(2), respectively. These lesions' ADC value (rADC) was counted respectively and the result of the rADC was equal to the lesion's ADC divided by the ADC of the ipsilateral normal breast tissue. Threshold of ADC and rADC for differential diagnosis was acquired by ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) analysis. Different imaging technologies were evaluated emphasizing their sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixty-six lesions of 53 cases were confirmed by pathology, including 39 malignant lesions and 27 benign lesions. (1) b = 500 s/mm(2), the threshold of ADC value was 1.435 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, with a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 81.5%. The threshold of rADC value was 0.62, with a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 100%. (2) b = 800 s/mm(2), the threshold of ADC value was 1.295 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s, with a sensitivity of 79.5% and a specificity of 81.5%. The threshold of rADC value was 0.71, with a sensitivity of 89.7% and specificity of 88.9%. (3) The area under the ROC curve was increased for the four diagnostic indicators (ADC(500), ADC(800), rADC(500), rADC(800)).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DWI spends short time, and it doesn't need contrast material. ADC value and rADC value have a high sensitivity and specificity as a diagnostic indicator. DWI is helpful in improving the specificity of MR and may become one of valuable conventional procedures for breast tumor diagnosis.</p>

Imaging features and clinicopathological manifestations of solitary fibrous tumors / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the imaging features, clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics of solitary fibrous tumors (SFT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological manifestations and medical imaging findings were analyzed retrospectively in 27 patients with surgically confirmed SFT.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The SFTs originated from different parts of the body, including 18 in the chest, 4 in the abdomen, 1 in the lumboscral area, 3 in the pelvis, and 1 in the left shoulder. Twenty-three cases were found by CT scan, among which there were 16 benign diseases, presented with well-defined round or elliptic margins, with homogeneous attenuation and clearly surrounding; 6 malignant cases with unclear demarcations, invasive surrounding, heterogeneous attenuation due to calcification and/or irregular necrosis, and 1 junctional case with well-defined margins, which was enlarged during follow-up. There were 4 SFTs scanned by MRI with clear margin and homogeneous or heterogeneous signal intensity. All of the 4 cases were isointense or hyperintense to muscle on T1-weighted images, and were hyperintense on the T2-weighted images. All tumors showed heterogeneously intense enhancement with geographic pattern. Immunohistochemical staining showed that CD34-positive was 81.5%, vimentin (100.0%), CD99 (100.0%) and bcl-2 (96.3%), as well as negative CK (100.0%) and S-100 (96.3%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The location of SFT is varying. Though its clinical manifestations vary, the diagnosis is depended on pathology and immunohistochemistry. There are certain specific features related to SFTs on CT or MRI. These imaging techniques may serve to provide helpful information as to the location and vicinal anatomic structure of the tumor, which is of substantial importance for planning surgery.</p>

The effect of thalidomide in preventing delayed nausea and vomiting induced by GP regimen of chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of thalidomide in preventing nausea and vomiting induced by emetogenic cisplatin (CDDP) chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study was carried out as a prospective, randomized control clinical trial. 61 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were scheduled to receive chemotherapy (gemcitabin 1000 mg/m(2) i.v. gtt d1, 8 and CDDP 75 mg/m(2) i.v. gtt d1, GP regimen). The patients were randomly divided into a treatment and control groups. All patients in both groups received ramosetron 0.3 mg intravenously (i.v.) and metoclopramide 20 mg intramuscularly (i.m.) 30 min prior to chemotherapy to prevent nausea and emesis on day 1. In the treatment group, addition of thalidomide (50 mg p.o. bid) were administered on days 1 to 5 after the start of chemotherapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Acute nausea was effectively controlled in 74.2% of the patients in the control group and in 90.0% of treatment group. Acute vomiting was effectively controlled in 90.3% of the patients in the control group and in 93.3% of treatment group. No statistically significant differences showed in effective control of acute nausea and vomiting between the 2 groups (P = 0.108; P = 1.000). Delayed nausea was effectively controlled in 19.4% of the patients in control group and in 56.7% in the treatment group. Delayed vomiting was effectively controlled in 48.4% of the patients in control group and 76.7% in treatment group. Statistically there was a significant differences in effective control of delayed nausea and vomiting between the 2 groups (P = 0.003, P = 0.023). Both antiemetic regimens were well tolerated, and no significant difference was observed in adverse events between the 2 groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our results demonstrate that thalidomide is highly effective in controlling delayed nausea and vomiting episodes in patients induced by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Moreover, no serious toxic effects are induced by this treatment.</p>