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Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a transmembrane protein that is specifically overexpressed on the surface of hypoxic tumor cells. With the function of regulating the acidity of tumor cells both inside and outside, CAIX is closely related to tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, CAIX is a promising target for tumor imaging and therapy. Herein, we summarized recent advances in CAIX-based tumor imaging, therapy and theranostics, and prospected future applications of using CAIX as an anti-tumor target.
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Anidrase Carbônica IX , Anidrases Carbônicas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
In China and abroad, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have been applied and developed. That is depended on doctors and scholars of the past dynasties to inseparable from the inheritance, protection, development, and innovation of Traditional Knowledge of Chinese Medicine. With the progress of modern society and people's awareness of traditional culture protection, people are also improving the understanding of TCM. Through the analysis of the situation and significance of the protection of Traditional Knowledge of Chinese Medicine and the development of Japanese Kampo medicines, recognized that the development of Kampo medicines ignored the source. Their original intention and purpose of protection the Traditional Knowledge of Medicine are completely different from China. The protection of Traditional Knowledge of Chinese Medicine should be in accordance with the basic national conditions, and the system of the protection of Traditional Knowledge of Chinese Medicine should be formulated and perfected to ensure the sustainable development of TCM.
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Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used and effective method to treat malignant tumors in clinical practice. However, there are still some limitations including high radiotherapy doses, harmful side effects on normal tissues, and radiation resistance of tumor cells. Therefore, seeking safe and effective radiotherapy sensitizers to improve radiation sensitivity of tumor cells has been focused for a long time. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), as a kind of epigenetic modifiers, can regulate the sensitivity of tumor cells to ionizing radiation and ultraviolet radiation in addition to the inherent anticancer characteristics. This article reviewed the molecular mechanisms of HDACIs in enhancing radiation sensitivity and by selectively killing tumor cells.
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The radiotherapy modulators used in clinic have disadvantages of high toxicity and low selectivity. For the first time, we used the
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Objective:To determine the effect of transplanting bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Nogo-A around the ischemic foci after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, and to study any role of BMMCs in nerve function recovery.Methods:BMMCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley rats. Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was performed using a nylon thread to occlude the right middle cerebral artery for 2h followed by 24h of reperfusion. The qualified models were selected according to the Longa scale. The 48 models selected were randomly divided into a model group and an observation group, each of 24. Each group was further divided into 7d, 14d and 21d subgroups. 100μl of BMMCs (5×10 6 /ml) were slowly injected into the ischemic lateral striata of the observation group. The rats in the model group were similarly injected, but with buffered saline solution. The rats were evaluated using the Longa scale after 7d, 14d and 21d. The rats were then sacrificed and the brain was resected. Immunohistochemical assays quantified the expression of GFAP and Nogo-A around the ischemic foci. Results:Compared with the model group, the rats in the observation group showed less neurological deficit on the 21st day, significantly greater expression of GFAP and significantly less Nogo-A expression on days 14 and 21. Nogo-A expression on the 21st day was also significantly lower than on the 14th day in the observation group.Conclusion:BMMC transplantation can promote recovery from nerve damage after focal cerebral ischemia, which is probably related to enhanced expression of GFAP and restrained expression of Nogo-A in the brain tissues surrounding ischemic lesions.
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Objective:To observe the expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its relationship with nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis score (NFS).Methods:Using the methods of cross-sectional study, 422 patients with T2DM who attended to Cangzhou People's Hospital from December 2018 to January 2020, were selected and divided into T2DM group(121 cases) and T2DM with NAFLD group(301 cases) according to abdominal color ultrasound diagnosis.Serum FGF-21 level was detected by Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay(ELISA). Age-adjusted NFS was used to assess the risk of NAFLD liver fibrosis.Patients with T2DM and NAFLD were divided into the non NAFLD fibrosis group (NNF group, 125 cases ), the suspected NAFLD fibrosis group (SNF group, 136 cases)and the definited NAFLD fibrosis group (DNF group, 40 cases). A one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal-Wallis H was used for comparison of continuous data between groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical date between groups.Pearson method was used to analyze and compare the correlation of biochemical indexes in each group.Logistic regressions were used to explore related influencing factors. Results:Compared with the T2DM group, FGF-21 level was increased in T2DM with NAFLD group( P<0.05). The serum FGF-21 levels of NNF, SNF and DNF groups were significantly different ((297.03±52.71) ng/L, (321.52±69.42) ng/L, (274.08±30.82) ng/L; F=12.03, P<0.001). The level of FGF-21 in SNF group was higher than that in NNF group and DNF group, DNF group was lower than NNF group(all P<0.05). (2)Pearson correlation analysis showed NFS was negatively correlated with FGF-21( r=-0.162, P<0.01). (3)Logistic regressions analysis showed that the compensatory increase of FGF-21 level was the independent risk factor for NAFLD in T2DM patients ( OR 1.139, 95% CI 1.023-1.380, P<0.001). And the progressive decrease of FGF-21 level was the independent related factor of liver fibrosis in patients with T2DM combined with NAFLD ( OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.98, P=0.012). Conclusion:The inverted U-shaped relationship was found between serum FGF-21 level and nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis score in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.The level of serum FGF-21 compensatory increase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease at early stages, With the progression of liver fibrosis, the secretion of FGF-21 was progressively deficient.This suggests that FGF-21 may be a new target for liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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India is rich of traditional medicine knowledge. Due to inadequate protection on its traditional medicine knowledge, some of them have been illegally possessed or used by other countries, resulting in huge economic and cultural losses. In order to prevent such issues from happening, the Indian government has formulated a series of policies to protect and rationally develop traditional medicine knowledge, taken up many effective measures, such as collecting and archiving traditional medical knowledge, formulating laws and policies, establishing an administrative supervision system for traditional medicine knowledge, establish a Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), as well as build a traditional medical knowledge registration and invention patent system. It also establishes an investment foundation, and conducts intellectual property culture building. At present, India has formed a relatively complete protection system for traditional medicine knowledge, which has achieved good results and gained recognition. To summarize the experience of traditional medicine knowledge protection in India can provide reference for China.
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India is rich of traditional medicine knowledge. Due to inadequate protection on its traditional medicine knowledge, some of them have been illegally possessed or used by other countries, resulting in huge economic and cultural losses. In order to prevent such issues from happening, the Indian government has formulated a series of policies to protect and rationally develop traditional medicine knowledge, taken up many effective measures, such as collecting and archiving traditional medical knowledge, formulating laws and policies, establishing an administrative supervision system for traditional medicine knowledge, establish a Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL), as well as build a traditional medical knowledge registration and invention patent system. It also establishes an investment foundation, and conducts intellectual property culture building. At present, India has formed a relatively complete protection system for traditional medicine knowledge, which has achieved good results and gained recognition. To summarize the experience of traditional medicine knowledge protection in India can provide reference for China.
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Objective@#To determine the effect of transplanting bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Nogo-A around the ischemic foci after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion, and to study any role of BMMCs in nerve function recovery.@*Methods@#BMMCs were isolated from the bone marrow of Sprague-Dawley rats. Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion was performed using a nylon thread to occlude the right middle cerebral artery for 2h followed by 24h of reperfusion. The qualified models were selected according to the Longa scale. The 48 models selected were randomly divided into a model group and an observation group, each of 24. Each group was further divided into 7d, 14d and 21d subgroups. 100μl of BMMCs (5×106 /ml) were slowly injected into the ischemic lateral striata of the observation group. The rats in the model group were similarly injected, but with buffered saline solution. The rats were evaluated using the Longa scale after 7d, 14d and 21d. The rats were then sacrificed and the brain was resected. Immunohistochemical assays quantified the expression of GFAP and Nogo-A around the ischemic foci.@*Results@#Compared with the model group, the rats in the observation group showed less neurological deficit on the 21st day, significantly greater expression of GFAP and significantly less Nogo-A expression on days 14 and 21. Nogo-A expression on the 21st day was also significantly lower than on the 14th day in the observation group.@*Conclusion@#BMMC transplantation can promote recovery from nerve damage after focal cerebral ischemia, which is probably related to enhanced expression of GFAP and restrained expression of Nogo-A in the brain tissues surrounding ischemic lesions.
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Objective@#To develop the Chinese version of anterior skull base questionnaire(ASBQ) and to verify its application in patients with anterior and middle skull base tumors.@*Methods@#The following steps were finished including getting the permission from the author of the original English scale, translating and back-translating, tentative test, discussing the consequence and cultural debugging. From October 2016 to December 2018, 51 patients with skull base tumors from Xuanwu Hospital and China-Japan Friendship Hospital were enrolled as an experimental group, aged from 24 to 70 years old, with 19 males and 32 females, which included 27 patients with anterior skull base tumor and 24 patients with middle skull base tumor. From December 2016 to January 2018, 46 healthy volunteers were selected as a control group, aged from 18 to 36 years old, including 26 females and 20 males. The subjects in the test group and the control group were rigorously tested with official manuscripts and judged whether the manuscript was applicable. The SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data of the test group, the anterior skull base group, the middle skull base group and the control group to evaluate the performance of the scale.@*Results@#Both the rate of the recovery and efficiency in experimental group, anterior skull base group and middle skull base group were 100%, with the average time of completion of (8.7±3.2), (11.2±4.0) and (7.3±2.1) min, respectively in each group. The r value of test-retest reliability was 0.96, 0.99 and 0.97 in experimental group, anterior skull base group and middle skull base group, with the split-half reliability coefficient of 0.91, 0.90 and 0.96, with the entire scale Cronbach′s coefficient of 0.91, 0.95 and 0.93, respectively. The content validity and the construct validity of the scale were good enough, and the criteria validity was-0.483,-0.509 and -0.489 in experimental group, anterior skull base group and middle skull base group. The scale could well distinguish the difference of the quality of life between the preoperative and postoperative patients in experimental group and the middle skull base group. The difference of the quality of life in anterior skull base group was not found between preoperative and postoperative patients.@*Conclusion@#The Chinese version of ASBQ has good reliability and validity, which is suitable for a wide range of Chinese patients with anterior and middle skull base tumors to assess their quality of life.
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Olfactory dysfunction is defined as decrease or loss of smell perception.This review systematically summarizes classification, etiology and diagnosis progress of olfactory dysfunction, and focuses on advancement in management of olfactory dysfunction, including pharmaceutical remedy, surgical treatment as well as olfactory training.Glucocorticoids play an important role in the treatment of olfactory dysfunction. Sodium citrate, vitamin A, and nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitors (theophylline, pentoxifylline) are promising drugs.Endoscopic paranasal sinuses surgery can improve the olfactory dysfunction caused by chronic sinusitis to some extent.Olfactory training has been proven to be effective for a variety of causes of olfactory dysfunction.
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Objective@#To discuss the establishment of three-dimensional mirror image plane ofhemifacial microsomia.@*Methods@#32 cases of hemifacial microsomia from Jan. 2006 to Jan. 2017 were collected in our hospital. CT scanning was performed for all patients. Then, the deformity characteristics were summarized through three steps: 3D reconstruction, mirror and discrepancy analysis.@*Results@#After statistical analysis, the stability of these three points was good. Clinical result showed that the patient′s appearance was greatly improved.@*Conclusions@#Using these three points to determine the mirror image plane is helpful to analyze the patient's facial features and facilitate the surgical design.
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Objective@#To design a method of mandibular division for plastic surgery.@*Methods@#From January 2009 to June 2017, 118 patients who underwent mandibular plastic surgery were observed, measured and analyzed. Combined with clinical experience, a new method of mandibular division was designed. The mandible was divided into right and left sides and each side was subdivided into five subunits (A, B, C, D, E). Area A is mandibular ramus upper 1/2 and mandibular coracoid area; Area B is mandibular lower 1/2 area; Area C is mandibular body area; Area D is chin area; Area E is mandibular angle.@*Results@#The mandibles of 118 patients were divided according to the new method to obtain the characteristics of mandibular deformities and guide the design of the surgical plan.@*Conclusions@#The new method of mandibular division is concise and scientific, which is in favor of the diagnosis and surgical design of plastic surgery.
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Objective@#To design the aesthetic new gonion and osteotomy line for patients with prominent mandibular angle patients using computer-aided techniques, and to investigate the application of three-dimensional digital planning in gonioplasty.@*Methods@#From April 2016 to April 2017, 14 female patients with prominent mandibular angle underwent preoperative surgical design and surgical simulation using digital technology. Gonioplasty was performed under the guide of surgical templates, preoperative, surgical simulation and postoperative data were measured including bilateral mandibular angles, the height of ramus(Co-Go) and the length of mandibular body(Go-Me). Paired t test was used to compare the differences between surgical simulation and postoperative measurements.@*Results@#Gonioplasty was performed in 14 patients successfully, and all were satisfied with their facial outcomes. The mandibular angle was improved from 113.86°±4.11° to 124.52°±1.26° on the left side, and 114.30°±4.01° to 124.29°±1.24° on the right side respectively. The average ratio of Go-Me/Co-Go was 2.011 on both sides after operation, which was very close to surgical planning. No significant differences were found between surgical planning and postoperative measurements with respect to mandibular angle or the ratio of Go-Me/Co-Go on both sides(P>0.05). The deviations between them were 1.00°±0.68° and 0.058±0.038 on the left side, and 0.85°±0.63° and 0.072±0.053 on the right side respectively.@*Conclusions@#Computer-assisted gonioplasty could improve the efficiency and accuracy of surgery, reduce the risk of surgical complications, and attain higher patients′ satisfaction.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of dynamic electrocardiogram (ECG),heart color Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of the paroxysmal atrial fibrillation .Methods A total of 130 cases of suspected paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital were included in the study .The patients received routine ECG,dynamic ECG,heart color Doppler ultrasound examination ,the examination results were analyzed .The clinical comprehensive diagnosis was used as the diagnostic reference ,the diagnostic sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of three methods in the diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were compared .And the consistency coefficient of three examination results and clinical diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was compared .Results The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the heart color Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were 94.23%,96.15%,94.61%,respectively,which of the dynamic ECG were 97.12%,100.00%,97.69%,respectively, which of the routine ECG were 83.65%,76.92%,82.31%,respectively.The diagnostic sensitivity ,specificity and accuracy of the heart color Doppler ultrasound were higher than those of the routine ECG (χ2＝5.915,4.127,9.646, all P＜0.05).The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the dynamic ECG were also higher than those of the routine ECG(χ2＝10.843,6.783,17.094,all P＜0.05),the differences of the heart color Doppler ultrasound and dynamic ECG were not statistically significant (χ2＝1.045,1.020,1.664,all P＞0.05).The consistency coeffi－cient of the heart color Doppler ultrasound ,dynamic ECG with the results of clinical diagnosis were 0.735,0.762, respectively,which was higher than that of the routine ECG .Conclusion Dynamic ECG,heart color Doppler ultra－sound in the diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation has higher accuracy ,sensitivity and specificity,which can be used as the main means of diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation .
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Objective To establish a cranial bone defect model of goat and to study application in craniomaxillo-facial surgery.Methods Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) scanner was used to scan goat'heads and faces in series and thin layers.Data of EBCT were input in workstation from digital inlet,and then to three-dimensional reconstruction with method of surface shadow.After final data were transformed to the files,the rapid prototyping machine was able to identify and establish the 3D model.Results The EBCT continuous thin-layer (1 mm) scanning data were passed to wave filter,falling coarse,distinguishing and collecting the outline,3D-reconstruction,curved surface reconstruction with CAD and the substance reconstruction.The final data were input into the laser rapid prototyping machine.Three-dimensional bionic cranium models were fabricated by machine in layer by layer manufacturing principle.Conclusions Establishment of the cranial bone defect model in the goat is very useful to the three-dimensional measurement,individualized reconstruction and basic and clinical research for the cranial bone defect.
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Objective@#To evaluate the clinical effect of injectable modified sodium hyaluronate gel filler in the treatment of facial profile modification and rejuvenation.@*Methods@#A total of 125 patients who received facial injection of hyaluronate gel from October 2013 to October 2015 were collected. The patients included 62 cases for rhinoplasty, 28 for chin augmentation, 20 for nasolabial fold correction and 15 for lacrimal groove correction. The post-operation results, satisfaction survey and adverse reaction were observed.@*Results@#All the injected positions improved immediately, and the instant average satisfaction score was 9.3±0.7, followed by 8.1±0.7 after 3 months, 6.9±0.8 after 6 month and 5.2±0.8 after 1 year. Thirty cases exhibited swelling, 5 cases bruised, and they all recovered within one week.@*Conclusions@#Sodium hyaluronate is effective and stable in the treatment of facial contour modification and rejuvenation.
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Objective To investigate the infection situation of intestinal nematodes and knowledge about the prevention and control of intestinal nematodiasis,so as to explore the effective control measures in Jingjiang City. Methods The towns where more floating people lived were randomly selected and the infection situation of intestinal nematodes was investigated with Kato-Katz method,and the residents'awareness of the prevention and control of nematodiasis was surveyed with questionnaires. Re-sults From 2013 to 2015,totally 4555 local residents and 2278 floating people were investigated in Jingjiang City. The infec-tion rate of intestinal nematodes was 0.29%(13 cases)in the local people,while the rate was 0.75%(17 cases)in the floating people,and the difference was significant(χ2=7.380,P0.05). The awareness rate of intestinal nematodiasis prevention and control of the local residents was significantly higher than that of the floating peo-ple(χ2 =9.649-164.533,all P<0.01). Conclusion The floating people is the focus of intestinal nematodiasis control,and the health education of ancylostomiasis control should be strengthened in Jingjiang City.
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Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy of balloon occlusion technique in treating pernicious placenta previa.Methods Between January 2015 and March 2016,a total of 16 matcrnal patients with pernicious placenta previa,who were admitted to the Interventional Department of Qujing Municipal First People's Hospital,received balloon occlusion management to assist obstetrician in dealing with placenta previa.Central type of placenta previa with highly suspected placenta implantation were diagnosed in 15 patients by color ultrasound or MRI.Balloon catheters were placed in bilateral internal iliac arteries before cesarean section was carried out,and immediately after the fetus was taken out the balloons were inflated to temporary occlude the targeted arteries.Based on the hemostatic status the balloon catheters were timely retrieved.One patient received emergency temporary balloon occlusion of abdominal aorta,and laparotomy revealed that the placenta had penetrated to the subserosa of uterine anterior wall,and total hysterectomy had to be carried out.Results Successful balloon occlusion was achieved in all 16 patients.The mean blocking time of the artery was 15 minutes and the amount of blood loss was 300-1200 ml.Conclusion In treating pernicious placenta previa,balloon occlusion treatment before cesarean section is safe and reliable,it can significantly reduce the amount of blood loss during surgery,make quick and effective hemostasis,provide a clear surgical field for the performance of cesarean section,and,more important,save the maternal life.This effective technique has fully showed the necessity of multidisciplinary collaboration,including obstetrics,interventional radiology,etc.
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Objective To discuss the clinical application of ultrasound-guided temporary balloon occlusion in performing cesarean section for patients with pernicious placenta previa.Methods At Qujing Municipal First People's Hospital,the Interventional Department and Ultrasonography Department assisted the Obstetrics Department to accomplished cesarean section for 13 patients with pernicious placenta previa.The diagnosis of central placenta previa was confirmed by both color ultrasound and MRI in all the 13 patients.Before cesarean section,the balloons were placed in bilateral common iliac arteries or in abdominal aorta,and the balloons were inflated at the same time when the fetus was delivered so as to temporarily obstruct the target vessels.Based on the hemostatic condition,the balloon was timely withdrawn.Results Among the 13 patients,temporary abdominal aorta occlusion was employed in one and temporary bilateral common iliac artery occlusion in 12.Ultrasound-guided occlusion was successfully accomplished in 12 patients,and the average blocking time was ＜15 min.The amount of intraoperative blood loss was 800-1500 ml.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided temporary balloon occlusion before cesarean section is safe with reliable effect in treating pernicious placenta previa,it can remarkably reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loos,and it has no X-ray radiation damage,therefore,this technique is worthy of clinical application.