Design and synthesis of peptide-drug conjugates and fluorescent probe based on α-conotoxin ArIBV11L,V16D / 药学学报

italic>α-Conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] is currently the most optimal selective inhibitor of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) known. In order to explore chemical modification methods and enrich its application in targeting nAChR, this study utilized the linker to covalently connect camptothecin and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to the [2,4] disulfide bond of ArIB[V11L,V16D]. Therefore, two peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5 and ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6, and one fluorescent-labeled peptide, ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7 were constructed. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the IC50 values against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 of the two PDCs were respectively 1.3 and 4.1 times of camptothecin, indicating slight reduction in activity at the cellular level which was related to the linker structure. Fluorescence spectrum scanning revealed that the excitation and emission wavelength of the fluorescent-labeled peptide were 340 nm and 403 nm respectively, and the fluorescence features of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as a marker were retained without fluorescence quenching. This modification strategy laid a solid foundation for the further application of α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] in PDCs and fluorescent probes.

Exploration and practice of artificial intelligence assisted primary vision health management / 中华预防医学杂志

It has attracted much attention worldwide that the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in primary screening and clinical diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. In recent years, this technology has also been widely used in various grass-roots eye disease management, effectively improving the current situation of weak eye disease diagnosis ability and shortage of human resources in primary medical institutions. At present, there is no reference standard or guideline for the management mode, implementation content and management method of vision health management based on this technology, which are in urgent need of standardization. The article described the work mode exploration of AI-assisted grass-roots visual health management in Shanghai and shared practical experience. The aim is to provide reference for other provinces in China to carry out relevant work.

A new norsesquiterpenoid from Arctium lappa leaves / 中国中药杂志

Chemical constituents were isolated and purified from ethyl acetate fraction of Arctium lappa leaves by silica gel, ODS, MCI, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were identified with multiple spectroscopical methods including NMR, MS, IR, UV, and X-ray diffraction combined with literature data. Twenty compounds(1-20) were identified and their structures were determined as arctanol(1), citroside A(2), melitensin 15-O-β-D-glucoside(3), 11β,13-dihydroonopordopicrin(4), 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide(5), 8α-hydroxy-β-eudesmol(6), syringin(7), dihydrosyringin(8), 3,4,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-δ-truxinate(9),(+)-pinoresinol(10), phillygenin(11), syringaresinol(12), kaeperferol(13), quercetin(14), luteolin(15), hyperin(16), 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid(17), 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde(18), benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(19), and N-(2'-phenylethyl) isobutyramide(20). Among them, compound 1 is a new norsesquiterpenoid, and compounds 2-5, 7-8, and 18-20 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Kinetics and variation of volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma during hot-air drying / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the kinetics and variation of volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma during the hot-air drying process to obtain the optimal process parameters under multiple goals such as drying efficiency and drying quality. The dry basis moisture content and drying rate curves along with the change of drying time of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were investigated at five levels of drying air temperatures(30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 ℃). The relationship between moisture ratio and time in the drying process of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma was fitted and verified by Midilli model, Page model, Overhults model, Modified Page model, Logaritmic model, Two terms Exponential model, and Newton model. Meanwhile, the effective diffusion coefficient of moisture(D_(eff)) and activation energy(E_a) in Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were calculated under different drying air temperatures. GC-MS was used to determine the volatile components and content changes of the fresh Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and dried products at different temperatures. The dry basis moisture content and drying rate of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma were closely related to the temperature of the drying medium, and the moisture of the Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma decreased with the prolonged drying time. As revealed by the drying rate curve, the drying rate increased with the increase in hot air temperature, and the migration of moisture was accelerated. The comparison of the correlation coefficient(R~2), chi-square(χ~2), and root mean standard error(RMSE) of each model indicated that the parameter average of the Midilli model had the highest degree of fit, with R~2=0.999 2, χ~2=8.78×10~(-5), and RMSE=8.20×10~(-3). Besides, the D_(eff) at 30-70 ℃ was in the range of 1.04×10~(-9)-6.28×10~(-9) m~2·s~(-1), and E_a was 37.47 kJ·mol~(-1). The volatile components of fresh Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma and dried products at different temperatures were determined by GC-MS, and 18, 18, 18, 17, 17, and 18 compounds were identified respectively, which accounted for more than 84.76% of the volatile components. In conclusion, the hot-air drying of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma can be model-fitted and verified and the variation law of the moisture and volatile components of Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with temperature is obtained. This study is expected to provide new ideas for exploring the drying characteristics and quality of aromatic Chinese medicine.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District, so as to provide the evidence for the implementation of comprehensive health education and early interventions for overweight and obese students. @*Methods @#The basic information, physical examinations and blood lipid testing results were collected from the primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District from 2015 to 2019 through the nutrition and health monitoring project among students in Tongzhou District. The epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obese students with dyslipidemia were descriptively analyzed. @*Results @#Among the 1 483 primary and middle school students detected, the overall prevalence rates of overweight, obesity and dyslipidemia were 12.68% ( 188 students ), 20.43% ( 303 students ) and 20.57% ( 305 students ), respectively. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in overweight and obese students ( 24.44% ) than in students with normal weight ( 18.65%, P<0.05 ), and the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in male overweight and obese students than in female overweight and obese students (29.00% vs. 18.92%, P<0.05), while higher prevalence of dyslipidemia was seen in middle school students than in primary school students ( 37.72% vs. 20.32%, P<0.05 ). In addition, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was higher in students with daily exercise of less than a hour than in students with daily exercise of a hour or longer ( 27.88% vs. 18.44%, P<0.05 ). @*Conclusions @#The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high among overweight and obese primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District. Health educations should be reinforced to male, middle school students with daily exercise of less than a hour.

The effect of different types of exercise on the intestinal mechanical barrier and related regulatory factors in type 2 diabetic mice / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of exercise on intestinal mechanical barrier and related regulatory factors in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The model was established by high-fat diet feeding and intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ). The mice were divided into control group, model group (free exercise), resistance exercise group (tail load-bearing ladder climbing, 5 times a week), aerobic exercise group (non-load-bearing platform running, 5 times a week at a speed of 10-15 m/min), and combined exercise group (aerobic exercise was performed on the first, third and fifth days of each week, and resistance exercise on the second and fourth days of each week). After 8 weeks of intervention, the serum lipid levels and inflammatory cytokines were measured by corresponding kits. The pathological changes of ileum were detected by HE and PAS staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction-related proteins were detected by real-time qPCR and Western blot, respectively. Moreover, the protein expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that all three types of exercise decreased blood glucose and body weight compared to the model group. Aerobic exercise and combined exercise decreased serum lipid (triglycerides and total cholesterol) levels, up-regulated the expression levels of ileal tight junction-related proteins and HIF-1α, improved the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, reduced serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels, and down-regulated MLCK protein expression level. These results suggest that all three types of exercise can reduce blood glucose and body weight of T2DM mice, and aerobic exercise and combined exercise can restore the damaged intestinal mechanical barrier by a mechanism involving HIF-1α-MLCK pathway.

Safety and efficacy of proximal gastrectomy with double tract anastomosis reconstruction for upper gastric cancer: a meta-ananlysis / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: It is not yet to be clarified whether proximal gastrectomy with double tract anastomosis reconstruction (PG-DT) for gastric cancer increases postoperative complications. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PG-DT for upper gastric cancer. Methods: The Chinese and English literatures about PG-DT and total gastrectomy with Roun-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction (TG-RY) for upper gastric cancer were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, CNKI net, Wanfang database and VIP database. Literature inclusion criteria: (1) prospective or retrospective cohort study of PG-DT and TG-RY for upper gastric cancer published publicly; (2) patients with upper gastric cancer; (3) the enrolled literatures included at least one of the following outcome indicators: operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exhaust time, postoperative feeding time, hospitalization time, number of harvested lymph nodes, postoperative complications, postoperative 1-year albumin, postoperative 1-year hemoglobin and 1-, 3-, 5-year survival after surgery. Literature exclusion criteria: (1) reviews, case reports, conference summaries and other non-control studies; (2) studies published repeatedly, studies with incomplete or unextractable information. The search time ended in February 2021. The basic information and evaluation indicators included in the article were extracted. The retrospective study was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa literature quality evaluation scale. The prospective randomized controlled study was evaluated using Jadad modified scale. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. Publication bias was assessed using funnel map. Publication bias was tested using Egger tools. Results: A total of 385 literatures were searched, finally 2 randomized controlled trials and 16 retrospective cohort study were included. There were 1521 patients, including 692 in the PG-DT group and 829 in the TG-RY group. The meta-analysis of the enrolled indicators showed that as compared to TG-RYT group, PG-DT group had less intraoperative blood loss (OR=-54.58, 95%CI: -57.77 to -51.38, P<0.001), shorter postoperative exhaust time (OR=-0.21, 95%CI: -0.29 to -0.13, P<0.001), shorter hospitalization time (OR=-0.98, 95%CI: -1.31 to -0.64, P<0.001), less harvested lymph nodes (OR=-6.07, 95%CI: -7.14 to -4.99, P<0.001), lower morbidity of postoperative complication (OR=0.32, 95%CI: 0.24 to 0.43,P<0.001), higher level of postoperative 1-year albumin (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.08 to 2.77, P<0.001) and postoperative 1 year hemoglobin (OR=5.07, 95%CI: 2.83 to 7.31, P<0.001). While there were no significant differences in operation time (OR=0.08, 95%CI: -4.24 to 4.39, P=0.97), postoperative feeding time (OR=-0.05, 95%CI: -0.15 to 0.06, P=0.39), 1-year survival after surgery (OR=1.61, 95%CI: 0.69 to 3.75, P=0.27), 3-year survival after surgery (OR=1.31, 95%CI: 0.81 to 2.10, P=0.27) and 5-year survival after surgery (OR=1.50, 95%CI: 0.86 to 2.63, P=0.15) between two groups. Conclusions: PG-DT treatment for upper gastric cancer is safe and feasible. Compared with TG-RY, PG-DT has advantages in intraoperative bleeding, postoperative exhaust time, hospitalization time, morbidity of postoperative complication and postoperative nutritional indicators.

Classification for treatment of adult temporomandibular joint ankylosis and its secondary malformations / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To generate a new classification for adult temporomandibular joint ankylosis (TMJA), which could effectively guide treatment strategies for adult TMJA patients with various clinical features. @* Methods@# We developed a new "CD" classification system according to the preservation of the condyle (C) and the severity of dentofacial bone deformity (D). From January 2016 to April 2020, 56 TMJ patients (with 73 ankylosed joints) in our department were classified into 4 subgroups by ‘CD’ classification: condylar head preservation but no dentofacial deformities (C+D-), no condylar head preservation and no dentofacial deformities (C-D-), condylar head preservation and dentofacial deformities (C+ D+), and no condylar head preservation but dentofacial deformities (C-D+). Different strategies were used according to the clinical features of each subgroup. The clinical outcomes of these patients were analyzed. Different treatment strategies of temporomandibular joint reconstruction were adopted for different subclasses of patients and were followed. "C +": lateral arthroplasty (LAP) was used to remove the rigidity and preserve the medial residual condyle. "C-": if the ankylosing bone ball is small and the loss of ascending branch height is not obvious, arthroplasty should be performed to relieve ankylosis; however, if the ankylosing bone ball is large and the ascending branch height decreases significantly, joint reconstruction should be carried out after the ankylosis is relieved. "D +": surgical treatment of secondary dental and maxillofacial malformations at the same time or over stages. "D-": orthodontic treatment after operation to improve occlusal relationship and symptomatic treatment of oral diseases. @*Results@#After treatment, all 73 ankylosed joints were completely released, and the average maximal interincisal opening increased from (3.6±3.2 )to (32.8 ± 5.4) mm (P<0.001), with no recurrence of ankylosis found during the 12-48 month follow-up period.@*Conclusion @#The generation and elaboration of a ‘CD’ classification system is intended to help as a TMJA reconstruction guide for adult TMJA treatment and be widely used in more hospitals.

Analysis on Chemical Constituents and Dynamic Accumulation of Main Components in Arctium lappa Leaves / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo determine the chemical constituents of burdock （Arctium lappa） leaves， and elucidate dynamic accumulation rule of four main components， in order to provide the basis for determining the suitable harvest time of burdock leaves. MethodSilica gel， macroporous resin， Sephadex LH-20， octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica （ODS）， microporous resin （MCI） column chromatography and reversed-phase preparative high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） were used to isolate the main chemical constituents in burdock leaves. Their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. HPLC-diode array detector （DAD） was used to analyze the dynamic accumulation of four components in burdock leaf. HPLC-DAD was performed on a Shim-pack GIST C18 column （4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm） with mobile phase of acetonitrile （A）-0.3% phosphoric acid aqueous solution （B） （0-9 min， 13%A； 9-10 min， 13%-24%A； 10-30 min， 24%A）， flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1， column temperature of 40 ℃， and detection wavelength at 328 nm. ResultSeventeen compounds were isolated from burdock leaves， and identified as caffeic acid （1）， rutin （2）， kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside （3）， quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （4）， kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （5）， chlorogenic acid （6）， isochlorogenic acid A （7）， daucosterol （8）， ursolic acid （9）， anemarrhenoside B （10）， （-）-secoisolariciresinol （11）， vladinol D （12）， melitensin （13）， esculetin （14）， 1-（-2-ethylphenyl）-1，2-ethanediol （15）， 1-（-4-ethylphenyl）-1，2-ethanediol （16）， 3-hydroxy-1-（4-hydroxy-3，5-dimethoxyphenyl）-1-propanone （17）. The contents of chlorogenic acid， rutin and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in burdock leaves showed an upward trend from April to August， and reached the highest in August. And the content of isochlorogenic acid A firstly increased and then decreased from April to August， and reached the highest in July. ConclusionCompounds 10， 12-17 were isolated from Arctium for the first time. Taking the contents of chlorogenic acid， rutin， kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside， and isochlorogenic acid A as indicators， considering the comprehensive development and utilization of burdock roots and leaves， it is recommended to harvest burdock leaves in mid-August.

Milk and dairy intake of primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District / 预防医学

Objective @#To understand the current situation and influencing factors of milk and dairy intake among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District, Beijing, so as to provide the reference for the intervention of milk and dairy intake among primary and middle school students.@*Methods@#The stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select the students from the third to sixth grades of primary school, three grades of junior middle school and three grades of senior high school from downtown and township of Tongzhou District as the survey objects. The demographic information, family data, and milk and dairy intake of a week before were collected. Taking the average daily intake of 300 g milk and dairy as the standard (the Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2016), the multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for reaching the standard of average daily milk and dairy intake among the students. @*Results@#A total of 804 questionnaires were sent out, and 771 valid questionnaires were received, with a recovery rate of 95.90%. There were 321 primary school students, accounting for 41.63%; 228 junior high school students, accounting for 29.57%; and 222 high school students, accounting for 28.80%. The intake rate of milk and dairy products was 90.92%, and the adverse reaction rate was 10.12%. The daily intake rate was 36.71%. The median daily intake was 214.29 g, and the rate of average daily intake reaching the standard was 28.02%. The multivariate logistic regression results showed that primary school students (OR=1.672, 95%CI: 1.102-2.535), middle school students (OR=2.086, 95%CI: 1.349-3.225), overweight (OR=1.747, 95%CI: 1.131-2.700), obesity (OR=2.469, 95%CI: 1.698-3.591), and parents with bachelor's degree or above (OR=1.760, 95%CI: 1.022-3.029) were the influencing factors for reaching the standard of average daily milk and dairy intake among the students.@*Conclusions@#The average daily intake of milk and dairy products of primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District does not reach the recommended standard, and grade, body mass index and parents'education level were the influencing factors.

Efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines: a systematic review / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate systematically the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines.@*METHODS@#PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrial.gov, CNKI, Wanfang Data, China Biomedical Literature Service System, and China Clinical Trial Registry were searched for randomized controlled trials of COVID-19 vaccines published up to December 31, 2020. The Cochrane bias risk assessment tool was used to assess the quality of studies. A qualitative analysis was performed on the results of clinical trials.@*RESULTS@#Thirteen randomized, blinded, controlled trials, which involved the safety and efficacy of 11 COVID-19 vaccines, were included. In 10 studies, the 28-day seroconversion rate of subjects exceeded 80%. In two 10 000-scale clinical trials, the vaccines were effective in 95% and 70.4% of the subjects, respectively. The seroconversion rate was lower than 60% in only one study. In six studies, the proportion of subjects who had an adverse reaction within 28 days after vaccination was lower than 30%. This proportion was 30%-50% in two studies and > 50% in the other two studies. Most of the adverse reactions were mild to moderate and resolved within 24 hours after vaccination. The most common local adverse reaction was pain or tenderness at the injection site, and the most common systemic adverse reaction was fatigue, fever, or bodily pain. The immune response and incidence of adverse reactions to the vaccines were positively correlated with the dose given to the subjects. The immune response to the vaccines was worse in the elderly than in the younger population. In 6 studies that compared single-dose and double-dose vaccination, 4 studies showed that double-dose vaccination produced a stronger immune response than single-dose vaccination.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Most of the COVID-19 vaccines appear to be effective and safe. Double-dose vaccination is recommended. However, more research is needed to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of the vaccines and the influence of dose, age, and production process on the protective efficacy.

Analysis of serum uric acid levels and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District, Beijing / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine uric acid (UA) levels and their influencing factors among primary and middle school students in the Tongzhou District of Beijing, and to provide referential guidance for the prevention and control of hyperuricemia in teenagers.@*Methods@#A total of 1 483 students from four middle schools and four primary schools in three cities and three towns in Tongzhou District were selected for a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and blood examination using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. The results of the serum uric acid (SUA) examinations were statistically analyzed and the influencing factors were evaluated.@*Results@#The UA level of the students was skewed, with a median value of 296.0 mol/L and an interquartile distance of 96.0 mol/L. The overall detection rate of hyperuricemia was 14.83% (220/1 483). Middle school students (342 μmol/L), students from villages and towns (307 μmol/L), males (309 μmol/L), family dining students (298 μmol/L), students with high levels of triglyceride (TG) (318 μmol/L), students with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (329 μmol/L), and obese students (303 μmol/L) all had statistically higher SUA levels(H/U value was 119 938, 229 525, 212 043, 156 347, 42 052, 63 375, 33.49, P<0.05). The univariate analysis showed that the HUA detection rate was higher in older age groups, middle school students, township students, overweight or obese students, and low HDL-C students(χ 2=614.55, 73.20, 6.16, 30.56, 14.50, P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that older age, being male, low HDL-C, high LDL-C, overweight, and obesity were risk factors for HUA(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#The SUA level and the detection rate of hyperuricemia among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District were high, and the risk of disease and influencing factors had significant characteristics. Therefore, targeted prevention and control measures should be strengthened.

A novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface of titanium enhances adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To design a novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface on endosseous titanium implants and investigate its effect on the biological activity of bone marrow mesenchymal cells.@*Methods@#Electrochemical anodization and spark plasma sintering were used to modify smooth titanium (untreated Ti group) with a microporous trabecular bone-like architecture (micro-Ti group) and TiO2 nanotube architecture (nano-TiO2 group). Additionally, electrochemical anodization was employed to prepare TiO2 nanotubes on microporous trabecular bone-like architectures, which formed a novel biomimetic hierarchical interface (micro/nano-TiO2 group). Four groups of titanium samples were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle (CA). Bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMCs) were seeded on four groups of titanium samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe cell morphology. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. The expression of focal adhesion proteins (F-actin; vinculin; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN) were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The mRNA expression levels of osteogenic factors (runt-related transcription factor 2, RUNX2; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN; collagen I, COL I) were assessed by qRT-PCR.@*Results@# The micro/nano- TiO2 group featured a hydrophilic surface (CA=9° ± 2.1°). The results of the MTT assay indicated that the relative cell proliferation rates for the nano- TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples were significantly increased compared with those for the untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples (P＜0.001) after 5-9 days. The ALP results indicated that the micro/nano-TiO2 sample gained the highest value at 14 days. After 72 h of incubation, the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) on micro/nano-TiO2 was the strongest. After 24 h incubation, the expression of F-actin on micro/nano-TiO2 was the strongest. In comparison with untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples,the mRNA expression levels of all the osteogenic factors (runt-related transcription factor 2, RUNX2; osteocalcin, OCN; osteopontin, OPN; Collagen I, COL I) were markedly increased on the nano-TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples, the mRNA expression levels of collagen I (COL I) were significantly different between the nano-TiO2 and micro/nano-TiO2 samples versus the untreated-Ti and micro-Ti samples (P＜0.001). @* Conclusion@#The novel biomimetic micro/nano hierarchical interface has a positive effect on cell attachment, viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal cells.

Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on Chinese people: Exposure, post-traumatic stress symptom, and emotion regulation

Objective: To examine the effects of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) exposure, expressive suppression/cognitive reappraisal, and demographic variables on post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTS) among Chinese. Methods: Participants were recruited by social media through WeChat and 6 049 Chinese (aged from 17 to 63 years; median=24) from 31 provinces were included in the study. PTS symptoms, expressive suppression, and cognitive reappraisal were assessed after the outbreak of COVID-19. A regression mixture analysis was conducted in Mplus 7. Results: A regression mixture model identified three latent classes that were primarily distinguished by differential effects of COVID- 19 exposures on PTS symptoms: (1) Class 1 (mildly PTS symptoms, 80.9%), (2) Class 2 (moderate PTS symptoms, 13.0%), and (3) Class 3 (high PTS symptoms, 6.1%). The results demonstrated that the young, women and people with responsibilities and concerns for others were more vulnerable to PTS symptoms; and they had more expression inhibition and less cognitive reappraisal in three latent classes. Conclusions: The findings suggest that more attention needs to be paid to vulnerable groups such as the young, women and people with responsibilities and concerns for others. Therapies to encourage emotional expression and increase cognitive reappraisal may also be helpful for trauma survivors.

Down-regulation of miR-155 inhibits inflammatory response in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells infected with influenza A virus by targeting sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Endothelial cells play a key role in the cytokine storm caused by influenza A virus. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) is an important regulator in inflammation. Its role in the inflammatory response to influenza A infection, however, has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we explored the role as well as the underlying mechanism of miR-155 in the cytokine production in influenza A-infected endothelial cells.@*METHODS@#Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were infected with the influenza A virus strain H1N1. The efficiency of H1N1 infection was confirmed by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and miR-155 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. A dual-luciferase reporter assay characterized the interaction between miR-155 and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). Changes in the target protein levels were determined using Western blot analysis.@*RESULTS@#MiR-155 was elevated in response to the H1N1 infection in HPMECs (24 h post-infection vs. 0 h post-infection, 3.875 ± 0.062 vs. 1.043 ± 0.013, P = 0.001). Over-expression of miR-155 enhanced inflammatory cytokine production (miR-155 mimic vs. negative control, all P < 0.05 in regard of cytokine levels) and activation of nuclear factor kappa B in infected HPMECs (miR-155 mimic vs. negative control, P = 0.004), and down-regulation of miR-155 had the opposite effect. In addition, S1PR1 was a direct target of miR-155 in the HPMECs. Inhibition of miR-155 enhanced the expression of the S1PR1 protein. Down-regulation of S1PR1 decreased the inhibitory effect of the miR-155 blockade on H1N1-induced cytokine production and nuclear factor kappa B activation in HPMECs.@*CONCLUSION@#MiR-155 maybe modulate influenza A-induced inflammatory response by targeting S1PR1.

Consumption of nutritional supplements among the residents aged eighteen years and below in Tongzhou District / 预防医学

Objective@#To understand the consumption of nutritional supplements among the residents aged eighteen years and below in Tongzhou District of Beijing,so as to provide reference for supplements exposure assessment and health education.@* Methods@# A hundred people aged 18 years and below were selected from each of the eight neighborhood committees of Tongzhou Town,Tongzhou District,Beijing. The questionnaire for the Nutritional Supplements Guidelines for Chinese Residents Study was used to collect the rate of taking nutritional supplements,influencing factors,types and frequency. @*Results@#The rate of taking nutritional supplements was 44.16%. The rates of taking nutritional supplements in people aged 0-5 years,6-12 years and 13-18 years were 45.56%,42.86% and 41.00%,respectively,without statistically significant difference among them （P>0.05）. The rates of taking nutritional supplements in males and females were 44.82% and 43.49%,without statistically significant difference between them （P>0.05）. The Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that annual per capita household income of more than 50 000 yuan （OR=1.688,95%CI: 1.171-2.435） and parents taking nutritional supplements （OR=4.104,95%CI: 3.023-5.573） were the promoting factors for the intake of nutritional supplements in people aged 18 years and below. The rates of taking calcium,vitamin D and multivitamin were 26.10%,21.56% and 8.31%,respectively. There were 272 （80.00%） people taking 1-2 kinds of supplements,and 200 （58.82%） people taking them daily. @*Conclusions@#In Tongzhou District,44.16% of the population aged 18 years and below takes nutritional supplements,mainly calcium and vitamin D. Family income and whether their parents taking or not are determinants.

Predictive effect of somatotype cognitive deviation on dieting tendency in female college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#BMI-based Silhouette Matching Test was used to quantify body image perception and expectation perception of female college students, and to investigate the predictive effect of body image perception deviation on dieting tendency. so as to provide evidence for further intervention measures.@*Methods@#A total of 579 female college students from 5 classes in two normal universities in Chongqing were conveniently sampled, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the female college students. Multivariate stepwise regression was used to analyze the predictors of dieting tendency.@*Results@#About 41.62% of female college students had deviation between subjective somatotype perception and actual somatotype, and 81.69%(473) of female college students had deviation in their somatotype expectation after quantification. The degree of cognitive deviation of somatotype expectation was negatively correlated with eating behavior and positively correlated with dieting tendency(r=-0.10, 0.36, P<0.05). Dieting tendency was positively correlated with BMI and negatively correlated with eating behavior(r=0.14, -0.18, P<0.05). The degree of cognitive deviation of somatotype expectation, eating behavior, BMI, eating health awareness, and grade all had predictive effects on dieting tendency. The multivariate correlation coefficient between the five predictive variables and dieting tendency was 0.43, and the determination coefficient was 0.18. The overall test value of the regression model was 4.24(P=0.04). The five predictive variables accounted for 18.1% of the dieting tendency, among which the most powerful was the degree of cognitive deviation in somatotype expectation, which accounted for 12.9% of the variance.@*Conclusion@#There is a general deviation in female college students’ cognition of somatotype, mainly because they expect to be thinner. Irrational expectations of somatotype will lead to poor diet and even dieting behaviors, which will seriously affect their physical and mental health. Targeted intervention measures should be taken.

Research progress of paravalvular regurgitation for transcatheter aortic valve implantation / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Transcatheter aortic valves implantation have been widely used in patients with high risk of non-surgical or surgical procedures since the first implantation in 2002, and have achieved good therapeutic results. However, as one of the main complications after transcatheter aortic valve implantation, paravalvular regurgitation seriously affects the outcome of patients. This article reviews recent researches on transcatheter aortic valve paravalvular regurgitation, and summarizes the influencing factors of paravalvular regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation and the corresponding countermeasures. This review can provide guidance and reference for clinical application and research of transcatheter aortic valves.

Evaluation of the efficacy of acupuncture combined with hyperbaric oxygen on delayed neuropathological sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning by using mTI-ASL imaging / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#Quantitative assessment of white blood flow in semi-oval center of patients with delayed neuropathological sequelae (DNS) after carbon monoxide poisoning treated with acupuncture combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) based on magnetic resonance multi-inversion time arterial spin labeling imaging (mTI-ASL), and to evaluate its efficacy indirectly.@*METHODS@#Twenty-six patients with clinically diagnosed DNS were randomly divided into an observation group (13 cases) and a control group (13 cases). The conventional therapy combined with HBO were given in the control group. In the observation group,on the base of the treatment, acupuncture was applied, the main acupoints were Shuigou (GV 26), Neiguan (PC 6), Baihui (GV 20), Shangxing (GV 23), Yintang (GV 29), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on the affected side, Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Fenglong (ST 40), Lianquan (CV 23) and Jinjin (EX-HN12) for slurred speech, Jianyu (LI 15), Waiguan (TE 5) and Shousanli (LI 10) for upper limb pain, Huantiao (GB 30), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Yinlingquan (SP 9) for lower limb pain, the treatment was given once every day, 5 days as one course, with an interval of 2 days between the course. The treatment for 6 courses was required. The conventional head MR scan, mTI-ASL and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans before and 1 week after treatment were adopted, Matlab (R2014b), Mricron and Syngo.via software were adopted to measure the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and anisotropy (FA) values of the semi-oval center. The correlation between the parameters was evaluated by Pearson method. And the simple intelligent mental state examination scale (MMSE) was uesd to assess cognitive function.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the CBF, MMSE scores in both groups and FA values in the observation group were higher than those before treatment (<0.05). After treatment, the CBF, FA and MMSE scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (<0.05). There was a positive correlation between CBF, FA and MMSE scores (<0.05), and the correlation between CBF and MMSE was the best ( =0.822).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with hyperbaric oxygen can significantly improved early white matter hypoperfusion and improved cognitive function score in patients with DNS. The curative effect is better than that of hyperbaric oxygen therapy alone. The mTI-ASL imaging can quantitatively evaluate its curative effect.

Application of affinity chromatography and its mathematical model in study of active components of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Affinity chromatography is characterized by its high specificity,high recovery rate and sensitivity,and it has been widely used in the selection of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,separation and enrichment of low molecular weight sugars and protein peptides,research on mechanism of action and discovery of targets.This paper reviewed the application of affinity chromatography and its adsorption isotherm model,kinetic model and adsorption thermodynamic mechanism in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.This summarizes and provides thinking for comprehensive applications of affinity chromatography theory in the field of active ingredient screening,purification and medicine interaction.