A preliminary study on target motion in esophageal cancer during normal breathing with four-dimensional computed tomography / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of target motion in esophageal cancer during normal breathing with four-dimensional computed tomography(4DCT). Methods Twenty patients with primary esophageal cancer received respiratory gated 4DCT to obtain the target motion during normal breathing and delineate the gross tumor volume (GTV). The center coordinate and volume of each GTV were measured and recorded to calculate the displacement of the GTV center and the change in volume in different respiratory phases. Results The displacement of the GTV center in each esophageal segment in superior-inferior direction (0.521±0.319 cm) was significantly greater than that in right-left direction (0.169± 0.083 cm) and that in anterior-posterior direction (0.167±0.095 cm)(all P<0.05). The maximum displacement of the GTV center in each direction was significantly different in different esophageal segments(all P<0.05).The displacement of the GTV center in each direction was not entirely consistent in different respiratory phases. The displacement of the GTV center in each direction in T50phase was greatest when T0phase was the reference phase. The volume of GTV had no significant changes at the end of the expiratory phase and the inspiratory phase (P=0.313). Conclusions The displacement of GTV center in each esophageal segment in superior-inferior direction is significantly greater than that in right-left direction and that in anterior-posterior direction and the displacement of GTV center in each direction is significantly different in different esophageal segments. Therefore, all the factors should be considered to develop a reasonable target for precise radiotherapy. For esophageal cancer in cervical and upper chest esophageal segment,it is reasonable to delineate ITV based on the fusion image of the images at the end of inspiratory phase and expiratory phase. The deformation of target volume of the esophageal cancer in the cervical and upper chest esophageal segment is not significant in the respiratory cycle.

Mutation analysis of NTRK1 gene in a family affected with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen for mutations of NTRK1 gene in a Chinese family affected with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Genomic DNA was extracted from the proband and her family members. All of the 17 exons and intron-exon boundaries of the NTRK1 gene were analyzed by direct Sanger sequencing. For the deletional mutation, the PCR products were subjected to T-A cloning and sequencing to verify the mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NTRK1 gene analysis revealed that proband has carried a c.1786C>T (p.Arg596*) nonsense mutation inherited from her mother and a novel deletional mutation c.1928-2028+23del from her father. Her elder brother only carried the deletional mutation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The diagnosis of CIPA relied on typical clinical symptoms of no pain, anhidrosis and intellectual disability and detection of the biallelic NTRK1 mutations. The novel deletional mutation has enriched the spectrum of NTRK1 mutations.</p>

The effects of orbital bone density on the stress distribution of implant-bone surface:A 3D finite element study / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of orbital bone density on the stress distribution of implant-bone surface.Methods:The 3D finite element analysis craniofacial model with eight HU values(300 -1 0 000)was established.A force of 20 N along the im-plant axis was applied on the model.The stress values and distribution were calculated and analyzed.Results:The peak of stress val-ue and displacement discreased as HU value increased.In the range of HU value 800 -1 000 HU,the peak of stress value and dis-placement of bone interface did not significantly change with the increasing of HU value.Conclusion:Orbital bone density is an im-portant factor on orbital implant failure when HU value below 800.

The effect of orbital implant load angle on the stress distributions of peri-implant surface / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of orbital implant load angle on the stress distribution of peri-implant surface.Methods:The 3D finite element analysis model of orbital implant with diameter of 3.75 mm and length of 6 mm was established.A force of 20 N was applied on the model at various angles.The stress distribution and displacement of the implant were recorded and analyzed.Results:Under 0°,1 0°,20°,30°,45°and 90°the maximum stress(MPa)on the peri-implant surface was 3.1 73,6.535,1 0.506,1 4.1 68, 1 8.949 and 24.755,the maximum displacement(μm)of the implant was 1 .761 ,3.654,7.665,1 1 .567,1 6.774 and 25.072,respec-tively.Conclusion:The loading angle is an important factor influencing stress and displacement of peri-implant bone.

Role of TGF-β1/Smads pathway in carotid artery remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats and prevention by Enalapril and Amlodipine / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Objective To investigate the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad2/3 and Smad7 expressions in carotid artery remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats, and also the therapeutic effect of Enalapril and Amlodipine. Methods The renovascular hypertensive rat (RHR) models with two-kidney and one-clip were established, including model group (n = 6), sham-operated group (n = 6), Enalapril group (10 mg/kg per day, n = 6), Amlodipine group (5 mg/kg per day, n = 6) and combination group (Amlodipine 2.5 mg/kg per day + Enalapril 5mg/kg per day, n = 6). The medication were continuous administrated for six weeks. Carotid artery morphological and structural changes in the media were observed by HE staining, Masson staining and immuno histochemical staining. Media thickness (MT), MT and lumen diameter ratio (MT/LD), and the expression levels of media α-smooth muscle actin (α-actin), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), TGF-β1, phosphorylated Smad2/3 (p-Smad2/3) and Smad7 in carotid arteries were measured. Results The media of carotid arteries in RHR model group was significantly thickened, the volume of smooth muscle cell was increased, and the array was in disorder; MT, MT/LD, the proliferation index of smooth muscle cell and collagen fiber area percentage of carotid arteries in the model group were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated group (P < 0.01). Compared to sham-operated group, the model group had significantly higher expressions of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 (P < 0.05) and lower Smad7 expression. Both Enalapril and Amlodipine improved smooth muscle hypertrophy and collagen deposition, reduced RHR carotid MT, MT/LD, proliferation index of smooth muscle cell, collagen fiber area percentage and the expressions of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 (P < 0.05), increased Smad7 expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, the combination treatment of Enalapril and Amlodipine had significantly better effects than single Amlodipine group (P < 0.05), but not single Enalapril group. Conclusions TGF-β1/Smads pathway may participate in the mechanism of carotid artery remodeling in RHR; the role of Amlodipine and Enalapril in inversing carotid artery remodeling may be related to the change of TGF-β1/Smads pathway, the combination treatment of Amlodipine and Enalapril had better effects than single administration of Amlodipine.