Determination of dezocine and pethidine in human hair by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国药科大学学报

@#A rapid analytical method for the determination of dezocine and pethidine in hair samples using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established.After cleaned hair was extracted by grinding with methanol and ultrasonic, the final solution was analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS.The targets were gradient eluted on a Waters Acquity BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) column with 0.1% formic acid-water and methanol as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min.The ESI+ ion source and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were used to select the qualitative and quantitative ion pairs of dezocine and pethidine.Dezocine and pethidine showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-8 ng/mg, with the limit of detection of 0.005 ng/mg and the LOQs of 0.01 ng/mg.The accuracy, precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery, and stability all met the requirements.The established method is simple, rapid, and accurate for the qualitative and quantitative determination of dezocine and pethidine in hair, which can be applied in the case analysis of dezocine and/or pethidine abuse.

Effect of intensive insulin therapy on immune function and prognosis in severe chest trauma patients with stress hyperglycemia / 中华创伤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of intensive insulin therapy on the immune function and prognosis of severe thoracic injuries patients with stress hyperglycemia.@*Methods@#A retrospective case control study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 60 patients with severe chest trauma and stress-induced hyperglycemia admitted to Chongqing People's Hospital from October 2016 to October 2018. There were 31 males and 26 females, aged 25-61 years [(46.1±4.0)years]. The abbreviated injury scale (AIS) range was 3-5 points. Thirty patients received routine insulin therapy (routine treatment group) and thirty patients received intensive insulin therapy (intensive treatment group). Venous blood was collected from two groups of patients before treatment, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days and 7 days after treatment respectively. Level of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP)], and lymphocyte count (CD14＋, CD4＋ and CD4＋/CD8＋) were detected respectively. The incidence of nosocomial infection, length of hospital stay, mortality and incidence of hypoglycemia were compared between the two groups.@*Results@#There were no significant differences in plasma TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP levels between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). After treatment (1-7 days), the levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in the intensive treatment group were lower than those of routine treatment group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with these before treatment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in both groups increased to varied degrees, reaching a peak on day 3, followed by a gradual decline (P<0.05 or 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in CD14＋, CD4＋、CD4＋/CD8＋ lymphocyte counts between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). On days 3, 5, and 7 after treatment, the counts of CD14＋ lymphocytes [3 d: (0.61±0.08)×109 vs. (0.55±0.09)×109, 5 d: (0.68±0.05)×109 vs. (0.63±0.05)×109, 7 d: (0.77±0.07)×109 vs. (0.71±0.06)×109], CD4＋ lymphocytes [3 d: (0.29±0.04)×109 vs. (0.25±0.03)×109, 5 d: (0.32±0.04)×109 vs. (0.30±0.05)×109, 7 d: (0.34±0.03)×109 vs. (0.32±0.06)×109], CD4＋/CD8＋ lymphocytes [3 d: (0.28±0.04)×109 vs. (0.26±0.06)×109, 5 d: (0.33±0.03)×109 vs. (0.31±0.06)×109, 7 d: (0.35±0.03)×109 vs. (0.32±0.06)×109] in the intensive treatment group were higher than those in the routine treatment group. Compared with before treatment, the counts of CD14+ , CD4+ , CD4+ /CD8+ lymphocytes in the two groups were raised to different degrees after treatment for 3 days, with significant differences (P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with routine treatment group, patients in intensive treatment group had lower incidence of nosocomial infection [57%(17/30) vs. 30%(9/30)], shorter duration of mechanical ventilation [(12.8±2.4)vs. (7.4±1.2)days], and lower hospital mortality rate [27%(8/30) vs. 10%(3/30)]. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia between the two groups(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#For severe chest trauma patients with stress hyperglycemia, intensive insulin therapy can effectively improve the immunity, inhibit the inflammatory reaction, reduce the complication incidence, restore ventilation function and improve survival rate.

Effect of intensive insulin therapy on immune function and prognosis in severe chest trauma patients with stress hyperglycemia / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of intensive insulin therapy on the immune function and prognosis of severe thoracic injuries patients with stress hyperglycemia.Methods A retrospective case control study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 60 patients with severe chest trauma and stress-induced hyperglycemia admitted to Chongqing People's Hospital from October 2016 to October 2018.There were 31 males and 26 females,aged 25-61 years [(46.1 ± 4.0)years].The abbreviated injury scale (AIS) range was 3-5 points.Thirty patients received routine insulin therapy (routine treatment group) and thirty patients received intensive insulin therapy (intensive treatment group).Venous blood was collected from two groups of patients before treatment,1 day,3 days,5 days and 7 days after treatment respectively.Level of inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP)],and lymphocyte count (CD14 +,CD4 +and CD4 +/CD8 +) were detected respectively.The incidence of nosocomial infection,length of hospital stay,mortality and incidence of hypoglycemia were compared between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in plasma TNF-α,IL-6 and CRP levels between the two groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment (1-7 days),the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-6 and CRP in the intensive treatment group were lower than those of routine treatment group (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Compared with these before treatment,the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and CRP in both groups increased to varied degrees,reaching a peak on day 3,followed by a gradual decline (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).There were no statistically significant differences in CD14 +,CD4 + 、CD4 +/CD8 + lymphocyte counts between the two groups before treatment (P ＞ 0.05).On days 3,5,and 7 after treatment,the counts of CD14+ lymphocytes [3 d:(0.61 ±0.08) × 109 vs.(0.55 ±0.09) × 109,5 d:(0.68 ±0.05) × 109 vs.(0.63±0.05) ×109,7 d:(0.77±0.07) ×109 vs.(0.71±0.06) ×109],CD4 + lymphocytes [3 d:(0.29 ±0.04) × 109 vs.(0.25 ±0.03) × 109,5 d:(0.32 ±0.04) × 109 vs.(0.30 ±0.05) × 109,7 d:(0.34±0.03) ×109 vs.(0.32±0.06) ×109],CD4 +/CD8+ lymphocytes [3 d:(0.28 ±0.04) ×109 vs.(0.26 ±0.06) × 109,5 d:(0.33 ±0.03) × 109 vs.(0.31 ±0.06) × 109,7 d:(0.35 ±0.03) × 109 vs.(0.32 ± 0.06) × 109] in the intensive treatment group were higher than those in the routine treatment group.Compared with before treatment,the counts of CD14 +,CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 + lymphocytes in the two groups were raised to different degrees after treatment for 3 days,with significant differences (P ＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with routine treatment group,patients in intensive treatment group had lower incidence of nosocomial infection [57％ (17/30) vs.30％ (9/30)],shorter duration of mechanical ventilation [(12.8 ± 2.4) vs.(7.4 ± 1.2) days],and lower hospital mortality rate [27％ (8/30) vs.10％ (3/30)].There was no significant difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion For severe chest trauma patients with stress hyperglycemia,intensive insulin therapy can effectively improve the immunity,inhibit the inflammatory reaction,reduce the complication incidence,restore ventilation function and improve survival rate.

Effect of Genetic Polymorphism in CYP2C9 and VKORC1 on Warfarin Used in Pregnant Patients with Mechanical Valve Replacement / 中国药师

Objective: To explore the effects of genetic factors and non-genetic factors on warfarin dosage in pregnant women after heart valve replacement. Methods: Totally 68 pregnant women were treated with warfarin throughout pregnancy. PCR-chip method was used to detect the polymorphism of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 gene,and the clinical data were collected. The effects of genetic factors and non-genetic factors on stable dosage of warfarin were statistically analyzed. Results: CYP2C9, VKORCl genotypes and weight had sig-nificant effects on warfarin dosage. The three variables could explain 44. 6% of warfarin individual differences. Conclusion: Genetic factors have significant effect on warfarin dosage in pregnant patients, so the detection of genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9 and VKORCl can be applied to individualize warfarin dosage in pregnant patients with heart valve replacement.

A Case Discussion of Individualized Administration of Warfarin by Maximum a Posteriori Bayesian Estima-tion Method / 中国药师

Objective:To explore the role played by clinical pharmacists in the formulation and pharmaceutical care of individual-ized administration of warfarin. Methods:Clinical pharmacists adopted maximum a posteriori Bayesian method to formulate the dosage regimen of patients treated with warfarin and monitored the implementation process. The increase of INR was timely identified on ac-count of drug interactions to avoid bleeding events,as well as the decrease of INR caused by patients' medication mistakes to avoid re-currence of thrombosis. Results:The maximum a posterior Bayesian estimation method could be used to estimate and guide clinical medication,which showed great reference value for individualized drug regimen. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists should formulate in-dividualized administration plan according to genetic testing results and choose optimal treatment for patients. Moreover,the implemen-tation of dosage regimen should be monitored during the whole progress,so as to timely find INR abnormal fluctuations due to disease interactions,drug interactions,poor treatment compliance and so on,and consequently improve anticoagulant effect and reduce adverse reactions such as bleeding and thrombosis etc.

A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitating total and unbound ceritinib in patient plasma and brain tumor / 药物分析学报

A rapid,sensitive,and robust reversed-phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometrymethod was developed and validated for the determination of total and unbound ceritinib,a secondgenerationALK inhibitor,in patient plasma and brain tumor tissue samples.Sample preparation involvedsimple protein precipitation with acetonitrile.Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters ACQUITYUPLC BEH C18 column using a 4-min gradient elution consisting of mobile phase A(0.1% formic acidinwater)andmobile phase B(0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile),at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min.Ceritinib and theinternal standard([13C6]ceritinib)were monitored using multiple reaction monitoring mode under positiveelectrospray ionization.The lower limit of quantitation(LLOQ)was 1 nM of ceritinib in plasma.The calibrationcurve was linear over ceritinib concentration range of 1–2000 nM in plasma.The intra-and interdayprecision and accuracy were within the generally accepted criteria for bioanalytical method(<15%).The method was successfully applied to assess ceritinib brain tumor penetration,as assessed by the unbounddrug brain concentration to unbound drug plasma concentration ratio,in patients with brain tumors.

Acupoint injection of human placenta tissue fluid combined with oral administration of metformin hydrochloride enteric-coated tablets treating type 2 diabetes:a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the difference for type 2 diabetes between acupoint injection of human placenta tissue fluid combined with oral administration of metformin and simple metformin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned into a medication group and an injection group,30 cases in each one. In the oral medication group,metformin hydrochloride enteric-coated tablets was applied orally for continuous eight weeks,0.25 g a time,twice a day. In the injection group,based on the same oral administration,human placenta tissue fluid was injected into Diji(SP 8) and Yishu(EX-B 5) for two courses(four weeks as one course),once every other day and three times a week. Fast blood glucose(FBG),postprandial blood glucose(PBG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc) and clinical effect were observed in the two groups before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those before treatment,FBG,PBG and HbAlc were decreased in the two groups after treatment (all<0.05),with more apparent change in the injection group(all<0.05). The total effective rate of the injection group was 90.0%(27/30),which was obviously better than 63.3%(19/30) of the medication group (<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Acupoint injection of human placenta tissue fluid combined with metformin hydrochloride enteric-coated tablets for type 2 diabetes can better lower blood glucose than simple metformin hydrochloride enteric-coated tablets.</p>

Association between polymorphisms of CYP3A5,MDR1,COX-2 and chemotherapy outcomes of advanced NSCLC / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate whether genotypes of CYP3A5,MDR1 and cyclooxygenase-2 are associated with the sensitivity of vinorelbine-platinum to NSCLC.Methods The genotypes of CYP3A5(*3),MDR1 (2677G>T at exon 21 and 3435C>T at exon 26 and their haplotypes),cyclooxygenase-2 (-1 195G>A) were determined by RFLP-PCR and chemotherapy responses were analyzed in 69 non-small-celllung cancer (NSCLC) Chinese Han patients.They received a combination chemotherapy of vinorelbine-cispla-tin.Chi-square test was used to investigate the potential association of genotype with chemotherapy response.OR and 95% C1 were calculated.Results The 3435 CC genotype was associated with a significantly betterchemotherapy response compared with the combined 3435 CT and 1Tr genotypes(P=0.033).The 2677 GG genotype was also associated with a significantly better chemotherapy response compared with the combined 2677 GT and IT genotype(P=0.012).Moreover.patients with the 2677 G-3435 C haplotype seemed to have a better response to chemotherapy compared with those with the other haplotypes(P=0.063).CYP3A5*3 was not likely to correlate with sensitivity of vinorelbine-platinum to NSCLC.Cyclooxygenase-2-1195G>A was likely to have better response to vinorelbine but not statistically significant(P=0.067).Conclusion Polymor-Dhisms of MDR1 3435 C>T and MDR1 2677 G>A/T can be used for predicting treatment response to vinorel-bine-cisplatin chemotherapy in NSCLC patients.

Block copolymer micelles as delivery system for poorly soluble antineoplastic carrier / 中草药

To review the research of block copolymer micelles as delivery system for poorly soluble(antineoplastic) carrier over the last 10 years,including the composition,preparation methods and factors which influence the loading efficiency,physicochemical properties,and targeting characteristics of block copolymer micelles.Block copolymer micelles are self-assembled structures formed from amphiphilic block copolymers by dispersing in aqueous media.The hydrophilic blocks of the copolymer form the outer shell of the micelle,while the hydrophobic blocks form the inner core,and the proper coreshell micellar architecture was constituted.Block copolymer micelles have a whole set of unique properties,such as small sizes,narrow particle size distribution,high drug loading capacities,and available disposition characteristics in the body.Block copolymer micelles have been found as promising drug carriers due to making poorly soluble antineoplastic lysis,toxicities and side effects decrease,bioavailability increase,and targeting the drugs to specific sites in a passive way or attaching ligands in an active way,which can be specifically(recognized) by receptors onto the surface of copolymers.

INFLUENCE OF EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS ON SERUM COPPER, ZINC, CHROMIUM, MANGANESE, AND SELENIUM / 营养学报

0.05) but a statistically significant negative correlation was noted between serum cholesterol and zinc (r= -0.9986, P