RESUMO
As the most important phase in standardization activity,implementation saves as the essence.CDC in China are the major institutions undertaking disease control and prevention.Implementing the standards of public health provides technical basis for CDC to complete the task of disease control and prevention.In the study,spot conversation and questionnaire were used to investigate the implementation of standards on public health in CDC.Results showed that the staff of CDC got to know the standards through the Intemet.The departments of CDC which conducted training and sent staff to attend training courses accounted for 50.00％(25/50) and 34.00％ (17/50),respectively.State mandatory rule is still the main reason for relevant departments to implement the standards of the public health.Government promotion activities facilitate the implementation of Standards,and the degree of familiarity with Standards affects the implementation as well.The paper summarizes the existing problems,such as the lack of coordination between departments of public health at provincial level or below,lack of access to standards,and the need to strengthen the training of the standard implementation etc.It puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the implementation of public health Standards.
RESUMO
As the most important phase in standardization activity,implementation saves as the essence.CDC in China are the major institutions undertaking disease control and prevention.Implementing the standards of public health provides technical basis for CDC to complete the task of disease control and prevention.In the study,spot conversation and questionnaire were used to investigate the implementation of standards on public health in CDC.Results showed that the staff of CDC got to know the standards through the Intemet.The departments of CDC which conducted training and sent staff to attend training courses accounted for 50.00％(25/50) and 34.00％ (17/50),respectively.State mandatory rule is still the main reason for relevant departments to implement the standards of the public health.Government promotion activities facilitate the implementation of Standards,and the degree of familiarity with Standards affects the implementation as well.The paper summarizes the existing problems,such as the lack of coordination between departments of public health at provincial level or below,lack of access to standards,and the need to strengthen the training of the standard implementation etc.It puts forward some suggestions to strengthen the implementation of public health Standards.
RESUMO
Objective:To investigate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) and matrix metallo proteinase-9 (MMP-9) expres-sion levels in osteosarcoma tissues and their clinical significance. Methods:The ERK5 and MMP-9 expression levels in 71 specimens of osteosarcoma tissue and 40 specimens of normal bone tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between ERK5 and MMP-9 expression levels, their clinical characteristics, and prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma were analyzed. Results:The positive expression of ERK5 and MMP-9 in osteosarcoma tissues was 85.9%(61/71) and 74.65%(53/71), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in normal bone tissues at 12.5%(5/40) and 10.0%(4/40) (all P<0.05). The positive expression of ERK5 and MMP-9 was associated with Enneking stage and metastasis (all P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survival duration of patients with positive ERK5 and MMP-9 expression levels was shorter than those of the patients in the negative expression groups (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis of COX proportional hazards regression model revealed that tumor size, Enneking stage, metastasis, and positive ERK5 and MMP-9 expression levels are relevant to the overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma (all P<0.05). Multi-variate analysis of COX proportional hazards regression model confirmed that Enneking stage, metastasis, and positive ERK5 and MMP-9 expression levels can act as independent prognostic factors for osteosarcoma patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The ERK5 and MMP-9 expression levels are high in osteosarcoma tissues and are related to the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with osteo-sarcoma. Thus, ERK5 and MMP-9 expression levels may play important roles in osteosarcoma development and progression.