In vitro effect of low-concentration hydrogen peroxide on autophagy in human melanocytes and screening for autophagy-related lncRNAs / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of the treatment with low-concentration hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the adhesive function of and autophagy in human melanocytes,and to screen long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to autophagy.Methods Melanocytes were isolated from foreskins of healthy males after circumcision,and subjected to cultivation.Melanocytes at exponential growth phase were divided into 3 groups:control group receiving no treatment,H2O2 group treated with 400 μ mol/L H2O2,and H2O2 + NAC group pretreated with 4 mmol/L NAC for 2 hours followed by the treatment with 400 μmol/L H2O2.After 5-day treatment,immunofluorescence study was performed to determine the expression of Ecadherin,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)and p62,and Western blot analysis to determine the expression of autophagy-related protein LC3 and p62.Cell structures and autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy,and autophagy-related lncRNAs were screened using gene chip technology.Statistical analysis was done with Graphpad Prism 6 software using one-way analysis of variance for comparison among groups,and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons.Results Under the confocal microscopy,the H2O2 group showed significantly decreased fluorescence intensity of E-cadherin and LC3 in the melanocytes and decreased number of autophagosomes in melanocytes,but significantly increased fluorescence intensity of p62 compared with the control group and H2O2 + NAC group.Western blot analysis showed that the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio in the melanocytes was significantly lower in the H2O2 group (0.604 ± 0.012) than in the control group (1.200 ± 0.081,q =7.718,P ＜ 0.01) and H2O2 + NAC group (1.017 ± 0.062,q =5.076,P ＜ 0.05),while the p62/β-actin ratio in the melanocytes was significantly higher in the H2O2 group (0.881 ± 0.079) than in the control group (0.456 ± 0.121,q =4.847,P ＜ 0.05) and H2O2 + NAC group (0.492 ± 0.049,q =4.439,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio or p62/β-actin ratio between the H2O2 + NAC group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Gene chip technology showed that 18 autophagy-related lncRNAs were associated with premature senescence of melanocytes and differentially expressed in the H2O2 group compared with the control group,and the autophagy-related lncRNA NONHSAT190308.1 (＞ 10-fold increase) was screened out.Conclusion Lowconcentration H2O2 can decrease the expression of E-cadherin and the level of autophagy in melanocytes,and can up-regulate the expression of autophagy-associated lncRNA NONHSAT190308.1.

Analysis of clinical adverse reactions of apatinib for the treatment of malignant tu-mors / 中国肿瘤临床

Antiangiogenic targeted therapy plays an important role in the treatment of malignant tumors,especially in the process of antitumor treatment including transformation stage,late stage,and maintenance stage.Apatinib(YN968D1)is a self-developed antian-giogenic targeted agent that was approved and launched for third-line and subsequent-line treatment for advanced gastric adenocarci-noma or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma.Moreover,the use of apatinib for other multiple solid tumors has been investi-gated.With an increase in the number of clinical studies on apatinib,concerns have been raised about its safety.Hence,we highlight the common adverse reactions of apatinib in clinical application and the incidences of various adverse events in different tumor treat-ments.We provide a comprehensive analysis of available clinical data and compare the advantages and disadvantages of apatinib with other common antiangiogenic drugs regarding their adverse reactions.Overall,these results will help to provide a better understand-ing of the safety of this medicine in the hope of helping physicians to provide patients with a safe and effective treatment.

Laparoscopic management for Nutcraker Syndrome with resection of fibrous ring and placing extravascular stent: a report of 5 cases and review of the literature / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the Laparoscopic management for Nutcraker Syndrome(NCS) with resection of fibrous ring and placing extravascular stent.Methods This was a retrospective analysis of clinical data and treatment process of cases from March 2010 to February 2015 in urology department,affiliated hospital of Guizhou medical university.Five cases with NCS,4 males and 1 female;age were 28-40 years,mean age was 35 years,all cases were afflicted with gross hematuria and flank pain,the history of gross hematuria were 6-72 months.3 cases were afflicted with proteinuria.Duplex ultrasound scanning before surgery revealed the compressed left renal vein (LRV) between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery(SMA),with peak velocity 110-132 cm/s,an average of 121 cm/s.The flow velocity of LRV in the renal hilum were 18-25 cm/s,an average of 21 cm/s.CT scanning showed that the stricture segment diameter of LRV were 1.2-2.5 mm,an average of 1.8 mm;and the max diameter of proximal dilatation of the LRV in renal hilum were 8.3-15.2 mm,an average of 10.1 mm.The ratio between the dilated segment inner diameter and the stricture segment were 3.4-9.5.Bleeding from the left ureteral orifice was detected by cystoscopy in 3 cases.5 cases were treated by resection of fibrous ring and placing extravascular stent with Laparoscopic management,and the average length of extravascular stent was 4.0 cm.Results The operation was successful in the 5 cases.The average operation time was 83 min.The average blood loss was 65 ml.Hematuria gradually reduce 5-6 days and resolved 7-20 days after surgery in 5 patients.Proteinuria was disappeared successful 2 weeks after surgery in 3 patients.There was no recurrence at 8-24 months' follow-up.3 days after surgery Doppler ultrasound showed the stricture segment diameter of LRV were 3.8-5.6 mm,an average of 4.9 mm;the ratio between the dilated segment inner diameter and the stricture segment decreased were 1.1-2.0,an average of 1.6;the peak velocity of compressed LRV were 25-45 cm/s,an average of 34 cm/s.6 months after surgery,CTA result showed no LRV compression in the aortomesenteric region;the max diameter of LRV in renal hilum were 7.9-9.8 mm and 6.0-8.8 mm in the aortomesenteric region of LRV.Conclusion Etiology of NCS exist a fibrous ring around the left renal vein outflow of the inferior vena cava besides the commonly anatomic extrinsic compression on the LRV as it crosses between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta.The Laparoscopic management for NCS with resection of fibrous ring and placing extravascular stent is an effective minimally invasive treatment.

Evaluation of combination therapy with M and α receptors antagonist for the treatment of double-J stent related lower urinary tract symptoms / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy with M and α receptors antagonist for the treatment of double-J stent related lower urinary tract symptoms.Methods From May 2013 to May 2014,131 cases,including 71 male and 60 female cases,were accepted the doubte-J stent indwelling after the ureteral lithotripsy,laparoscopic ureterlithotomy and pyeloureteroplasty.Their data was retrospectively reviewed.The age ranged from 29 to 64 years old,mean (47.4 ± 15.2) years old.They were divided into 4 groups randomly,including group A (control group,n =30),no drugs were taken;group B (tamsulosin group,n =34),0.2 mg tamsulosin was taken qd;group C (solifenacin group,n =32),5 mg solifenacin was taken qd;group D (tamsulosin combined with solifenacin group,n =35),0.2 mg tamsulosin and 5mg solifenacin were taken qd.The IPSS scores,QOL scores and visual analogue pain scale (VAPS) scores were assessed pre-operation,1 week after operation,and 4 weeks after operation,respectively.Results All patients were followed-up until the end of this study.In each time point,the IPSS scores in group A was 9.01 ± 2.79,13.18 ± 3.79 and 13.79 ± 3.76,respectively.In group B,the IPSS scores were 7.89 ± 4.29,12.39 ±3.90 and 12.21 ±3.87,respectively.In group C,the IPSS scores were 7.94 ±4.27,12.70 ±4.01 and 11.98 ±4.69,respectively.In group D,the IPSS scores were 8.21 ±3.18,11.97 ±5.03 and 8.17 ± 3.25,respectively.Significant difference in total IPSS scores and obstruction symptom scores were shown between pre-and post-operation (P ＜ 0.05).Comparing to other groups,group D exhibited the significant improvement in IPSS scores 1 and 4 weeks after the operation (P ＜0.05).4 weeks after operation,the QOL scores in group D was significantly lower than that in other groups (P ＜ 0.05).While the VAPS scores didn t show significant differences among those groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion M and α receptors antagonist combination therapy can significantly improve lower urinary tract symptom due to indwelling double J stents.

The diagnosis and treatment experience of Ureteroscopy lithotripsy postoperative patients concurrent urosepsis / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To discuss the aetiological agent,prevention and treatment of the ureteroscopy lithotripsy concurrence urosepsis.Methods Retrospective analysis of 180 cases with ureteroscopy lithotripsy postoperative clinical data of 8 cases in urosepis patients.Results Eight patients with early active anti-infection,anti-shock treatment,eight patients were recovered and discharged,curative effect is satisfied.Conclusion Ureteroscopy lithotripsy postoperative patients concurrent urosepsis is dangerous,early detection,early diagnosis,early treatment is the key.

Dynamic observation on the bladder acellular matrix grafts for substituting albuginea penis in rabbits / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: At present, bladder acellular matrix grafts have been successfully used for substituting animal bladder and urinary canal, and for repairing hypospadia. However, reports on bladder acellular matrix grafts for substituting albuginea penis need to be investigated. OBJECTIVE: Allogeneic bladder acellular grafts were used for substituting albuginea penis of rabbits, in order to observe repairing results. DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation. SETTING: West China Medical Laboratory Animal Center and West China Laboratory of Tissue Engineering of Sichuan University as well as Laboratory of Tissue Engineering of Guiyang Medical College. MATERIALS: Fifty male healthy New Zealand Rabbits of grade 3, weighing 2.6-3.0 kg, without phimosis and penis dysplasia, and without presence of phallocampsis after normal saline being perfused, were provided by Huaxi Laboratory Animal Center of Sichuan University. METHODS: This study was performed at the West China Laboratory Animal Center and West China Laboratory of Tissue Engineering of Sichuan University as well as Laboratory of Tissue Engineering of Guiyang Medical College between December 2005 and June 2007. Bladders were taken from 10 experimental rabbits for preparing bladder acellular matrix grafts. The other 40 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the control group, and the bladder acellular matrix grafts group, with 20 in each. An area of 10 mm×5 mm of albuginea penis was resected from dorsum penis of each rabbit. Suture in situ of albuginea penis and bladder acellular matrix grafting were conducted in rabbits of the control group and bladder acellular matrix grafts group, respectively. In the 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th weeks postoperatively, each rabbit was intracavernously perfused normal saline for inducing penile erection, separately, in order to observe phallocampsis. At above-mentioned each time point, experimental animals were sacrificed. Sample was taken from surgical region for haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson trichrome staining, in order to observe the changes of tissue and structure of surgical region. Types Ⅰand Ⅲ collagen fiber areas were detected by Stirus red staining, and the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Phallocampsis status. ② Changes of tissue and structure of surgical region. ③iNOS and TGF-β1 expressions. ④TypeⅠand Ⅲ collagen fiber areas.RESULTS: Forty experimental rabbits were involved in the penile surgery, two of them died from overdose anesthesia, two died from chordapsus, so the remaining thirty-six rabbits were involved in the final analysis. In the 6th week postoperatively, phallocampsis reached its highest level, and 2 rabbits in the control group and 1 rabbit in the bladder acellular matrix grafts group presented phallocampsis. In the 12th week, every rabbit presented phallocampsis. In the 24th week, 1 rabbit in the control group but none in the bladder acellular matrix grafts group presented phallocampsis. In the 2nd week, the structure of surgical regions of each rabbit was poorly clear, with remarkable inflammatory infiltration. In the bladder acellular matrix grafts group, grafting regions presented cells ingrowing the bladder acellular matrix grafts. Masson trichrome staining results showed that in the surgical region, tunica albuginea fibers were thin and poorly arranged. In the 6th week, tunica albuginea recovered its integrity, and bladder acellular matrix grafts could not be distinguished. No significant difference existed between two groups. In the 24th week, tunica albuginea was even and complete in the sugical region, and fibers restored their arrangement of circular muscle in inner layer and longitudinal muscle in outer layer, without difference from normal tunica albuginea. iNOS and TGF-β1 expressions were the strongest in the 2nd week, and they were found in the fibrocytes and vascular endothelial cells in the 6th week, but a little in the 12th and 24th weeks postoperatively. There were no remarkable differences in iNOS and TGF-β1 expressions between two groups at the same time point. In the 2nd week, typesⅠand Ⅲ collagen fibers co-existed with equivalent proportion. Then, typeⅠcollagen fibers were gradually increased, while type Ⅲ collagen fibers were on the contrary. In the 24th week, typeⅠcollagen fibers took the main place and type Ⅲ collagen fibers were unremarkable. CONCLUSION: Bladder acellular matrix grafts have no remarkable inflammatory reactions and fibrosis in repairing tunica albuginea of New Zealand rabbits, so they are very ideal grafting materials for penile surgery.