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ObjectiveTo investigate the quality variation of Lonicera japonica flower from different harvesting periods by ultraviolet visible（UV-Vis） fingerprint combined with chemometrics. MethodTwenty-five L. japonica flower samples from five harvesting periods， including young bud stage，green bud stage，white bud stage，silver and golden flower stages， were collected， with five samples for each stage. UV-Vis fingerprints of L. japonica flower from different harvesting periods were established in the context of the optimum extraction method based on the single factor experiment. The results showed that the absorption values at 209，216，226，250，280，303，318， and 350 nm were significantly different. Moreover，after data pretreatment and normalization，multivariate statistical analyses， such as principal component analysis （PCA），partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS-DA），and orthogonal PLS-DA （OPLS-DA）were performed by SIMCA-P+ to establish the quality variation model of L. japonicas flower from harvesting periods. ResultAs revealed by PCA and PLS-DA， L. japonicas flower samples from five harvesting periods were clustered separately and closely in a harvesting time-dependent manner， suggesting that the content of components contained in samples from different harvesting periods was highly distinct and correlated with harvesting periods. The pairwise comparison of OPLS-DA indicated that triterpenoids or volatile oils were the main components causing the changes from the young bud stage to the green bud stage，and the content of them decreased. The main components from the green bud stage to the white bud stage were triterpenoids （or iridoids），volatile oils，phenolic acids， or flavonoids，and the content of them decreased， which was consistent with the HPLC result of chlorogenic acid. From the white bud stage to the silver flower stage， the main components were iridoids （increasing in content） and triterpenoids （or volatile oils） （decreasing in content）. The main altered components from the silver flower stage to the golden flower stage were triterpenoids （or volatile oils） whose content increased. ConclusionThis method is simple and feasible， which can provide references for the quality control of Chinese medicine.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the experience and effect of surgical treatment in old Monteggia fracture in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2013 to December 2017, 32 cases of old Monteggia's fracture were treated including 18 males and 14 females with an average age of(5.3±1.2) years old ranging from 2 to 9 years old. No symptoms of radial nerve injury were found. The preoperative symptoms of the patients were the pain and deformity of the elbow joint, the flexion and extension and the limited forearm rotation. The X-ray showed the union of the ulna or the "arched sign", the dislocation of the radial head or the subluxation of the head. The posterior incision of the ulna ridge was performed in the operation, and the long oblique osteotomy was performed at the most obvious point of the ulna angle deformity. Then the Boyd incision was used to expose the humeral and radial joint and the upper ulnar radial joint. The scar tissue in the joint was cleaned and the radial head was repositioned. On the premise of maintaining the stability of the elbow joint, the ulna osteotomy was treated with plate and screw internal fixation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All 32 cases were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of 14.8 months, of which 1 case had incision infection. There were no pain symptoms of elbow and wrist in 32 patients after operation, 29 patients with elbow joint flexion and extension (130±5)°/0°, forearm pronation and supination 90°/(85±5)°; 2 patients with elbow flexion and extension(119°/8°, 121°/7°), forearm pronation and supination (90°/75°, 85°/60°); 1 patient with elbow flexion and extension 90°/10°, forearm pronation and supination 80°/60°. According to Mackay criteria, the result was excellent in 29 cases, good in 2 cases, medium in 1 case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ulna osteotomy, elbow posterior capsular release, anterior capsule contraction is a effective method in the treatment of old Monteggia's fracture in children.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect and safety of low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, EMbase, the Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2008), CBM, CNKI. Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 4.2.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six studies (TPT, HOT, PPP, WHS, POPADAD, J-PAD) involving a total of 72,466 participants met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis results showed that: (1) Compared with placebo, the incidences of total cardiovascular events (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.80-0.92), stroke (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.98), nonfatal stroke (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70-0.95) and transient ischemic attack (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64-0.90) were significantly lower in low-dose aspirin group than those in placebo control group (all P < 0.05). (2) Nonfatal myocardial infarction (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.77-1.02), death from cardiovascular causes (RR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.86-1.13) and death from any cause (RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.88-1.02) were similar between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05). (3) The risk of coronary heart disease was reduced in low-dose aspirin group in the elderly (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70-0.94, P < 0.05). (4) The risk of bleeding was higher in low aspirin group compared to placebo group (RR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.12-1.18, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Low-dose aspirin use could reduce the incidences of total cardiovascular events, stroke, nonfatal stroke and transient ischemic attack but increase the risk of bleeding, the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction, death from cardiovascular causes and death from any cause was not affected by low-dose aspirin use. Low-dose aspirin use was also significantly reduced the risk of coronary heart disease in the elderly.</p>