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BACKGROUND: Traumatic dislocation of sternoclavicular joint is a rare disease in orthopedics, which can cause misdiagnosis and improper treatment. Its operation technology is constantly improving, mainly because of the improvement of the internal objects. OBJECTIVE: To explore the new progress in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic dislocation of sternoclavicular joint, and to summarize the key points and the advantages and disadvantages of operation with various implants. METHODS: The Chinese database of Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure was searched by the first author. The key words were “dislocation of sternoclavicular joint; biomechanics; implants; internal fixation; tendon reconstruction; complications; prognosis”. Simultaneously, the English database of PubMed was searched, with the search term of “dislocation of sternoclavicular joint; biomechanics; implant; internal fixation; tendon reconstruction; complications; prognosis”. The retrieval period was from July 2010 to February 2020. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Traumatic dislocation of sternoclavicular joint is a kind of trauma which is easy to be missed and may be fatal. Computed tomograhy and B-ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging can show the damage of mediastinum structure. (2) Surgical treatment methods include Kirschner wire tension band internal fixation, hook plate internal fixation, locking plate internal fixation, ligament strengthening and reconstruction technology, joint replacement and so on. The fixation strength of Kirschner wires and steel wires is unsatisfactory and its complication rate is high, but they can be used in juvenile patients. The cross joint steel plate does not meet the biomechanical requirements of the fretting joint, so it is difficult to achieve firm fixation. The hook steel plate belongs to the built-in object of elastic fixation, and the disadvantage lies in the abrasion and stimulation of the bone caused by the tail hook structure. More and more attention has been paid to ligament reconstruction technology, which not only meets the needs of strength, but also conforms to the characteristics of biomechanics.
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OBJECTIVE@#To assess the value of combined chromosomal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for prenatal diagnosis.@*METHODS@#G-banding karyotyping and CMA were simultaneously performed on 546 women who were subjected to amniocentesis during middle pregnancy.@*RESULTS@#In total 82 cases were detected with chromosomal abnormalities. The two methods were consistent in 43 cases, which included 14 trisomy 21, 6 trisomy 18, 1 trisomy 13, 14 sex chromosomal aneuploidies, 4 chromosomal deletions, 3 chromosomal duplications and 1 sex chromosomal mosaicism. Fifteen fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities detected by CMA were missed by karyotyping analysis, which included 9 microdeletions and 6 microduplications. Sixteen fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities detected by karyotyping analysis were missed by CMA, which included 15 chromosomal translocations and 1 sex chromosomal mosaicism. In 7 cases, the results of karyotyping analysis and CMA were inconsistent. One supernumerary marker chromosome detected by karyotyping analysis was verified by CMA as 9p13.1p21.1 duplication.@*CONCLUSION@#Combined chromosomal karyotyping and CMA can significantly improve the detection rate for chromosomal abnormalities, which has a great value for prenatal diagnosis.
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Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Transtornos Cromossômicos , Diagnóstico , Genética , Cariotipagem , Análise em Microsséries , Diagnóstico Pré-NatalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The scaffold made by nanotechnology may have a similar surface structure to basement membrane of natural organism, which can effectively regulate the behavior of seed cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of parallel and staggered nanofiber membranes on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. METHODS: The parallel and staggered nanofiber membranes were prepared using electrostatic spinning technology with type I collagen as raw material. Neural stem cells of newborn rats were seeded on the surface of two kinds of nanofiber membranes. Cell culture alone was used as control. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Cell proliferation cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Cell differentiation rate was detected by immunohistochemistry. The gene expression of Bcyclin D1 aned CDK2 was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The absorbance values of cell proliferation of parallel arrangement group and staggered arrangement group at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days were higher than that of the control group (P 0.05). (4) Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the expression of Bcyclin D1 and CDK2 was higher in the parallel arrangement group and staggered arrangement group was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05); and the expression was higher in the parallel arrangement group than in the staggered arrangement group (P < 0.05). (5) The results confirmed that parallel and staggered nano tissue engineering can promote the proliferation of neural stem cells, but has no significant effect on cell differentiation, and can regulate the biological behavior of neural stem cells from the level of gene expression.
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BACKGROUND: The application of tissue engineering in the repair of spinal cord injury is a focus of research in recent years, and most of the studies are still in vitro stage. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of repairing spinal cord injury with tissue-engineered spinal cord that was composed of new collagen nanofiber membrane and neural stem cells. METHODS: Collagen was used as raw material, and the nanofiber membrane with parallel arrangement and staggered arrangement of fibers was prepared by electronic spinning technology. The spinal cord derived neural stem cells of neonate rats were cultured on two kinds of nanofibers for 7 days to construct the tissue-engineered spinal cord. Sprague-Dawley rat models of spinal cord hemisection were randomly divided into five groups. In the blank control group, any material was not used. In the parallel tissue engineering group and cross tissue engineering group, corresponding tissue-engineered spinal cord was used. In the parallel group and cross group, corresponding nanofiber membrane was used. At 1-8 weeks after the operation, modified BBB scores of the rats were recorded. At 8 weeks after operation, the spinal cord was taken and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and received immunohistochemistry. The experiments were approved by experimental animal welfare and Ethics Management Committee of Harbin Medical University. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The BBB scores in the parallel tissue engineering group were higher than those in the other four groups (P < 0.05). The BBB scores in the staggered tissue engineering group, the parallel group and the staggered group were all higher than those in the blank control group (P < 0.05). The BBB scores in the staggered tissue engineering group were higher than those in the parallel group and the staggered group at 2-8 weeks after operation (P < 0.05). The BBB scores in the parallel group were higher than those in the staggered group at 1 and 2 weeks after operation (P < 0.05). (2) Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that there was almost no cell structure in the injury area of the blank control, and a large number of scar tissue formation was seen. The formation of scar tissue was inhibited in the parallel group and the staggered group, and the tissue repair was not obvious; the scar formation in the adjacent tissue and no cell connection was established between the injury area and the surrounding area. There were a large number of cell components in the scaffold degradation area of the two tissue engineering groups, and there were obvious tissue regeneration, more cells distributed along the direction of the scaffold; connections were built among the cells and with normal tissues. (3) Immunohistochemistry staining showed that neurons were seen in the two tissue engineering groups. (4) The results showed that the effect of nano tissue engineering on the repair of spinal cord injury was good, and the effect of parallel nano fiber membrane was better.
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Spinal cord injury is a difficult medical problem and need to be solved urgently.Application of tissue engineering to repair spinal cord injury has gradually become a hot spot.It is important to prevent the development of scar tissue while inducing cells' regeneration by using scaffold.Nanotechnology has improved the performance of scaffold because of its superiority.Nanoscaffold has obvious advantages compared with the traditional scaffolds.New scaffold materials can be obtained by nanotechnology.Nanoscaffold can also serve as a good drug carrier,and it may have beneficial effects on biological behaviors of seed cells on its surface,such as differentiation,proliferation and migration,which may promote tissue regeneration and functional recovery and get good results in repairment of spinal cord injury.This article summarized the research progress in recent years in nano spinal cord engineering scaffolds in order to provide a reference for research in related fields.
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BACKGROUND:Neural stem cells(NSCs)are characterized by widely resources,convenient harvesting,easy culture and prone to import and express exogenous genes,which can be served as carriers of gene therapy for neural system disease.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of NSCs in spinal cord injury.METHODS:Databases of PubMed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)and Wanfang(http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn)were searched by the correspondence author using key words of "neural stem cells,spinal cord injury,cellular transplantation" both in English and Chinese to retrieve papers concerning isolation,identification,differentiation of NSCs as well as its application in repairing spinal cord injury.A total of 82 documents were initial obtained by computer,after repetitive studies were excluded,23 papers were included in the final analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The NSCs transplantation has been widely used in animal experiments.Currently,the applications of NSCs in repairing spinal cord injury are concentrated on the following aspects:Firstly,cellular replacement therapy,namely,direct transplanting NSCs or activating in vivo NSCs to differentiate into neurons and glial cells,and then integrating transplanted cells with the existed neural cellular structure to cure the disease.Secondly,NSCs were utilized as gene carriers,which carrying target gene to body and reach the aims of cellular replacement and gene therapy.Thirdly,autologous NSCs were induced differentiation for self neural repair via studying growth factors and cytokines.