The Relationship between Serum Uric Acid and Ankle Brachial Index in Korean Men

BACKGROUND: Elevated serum uric acid (UA) level is a known risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases, including peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD is easily diagnosed by determining the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The relationship between serum UA and subclinical atherosclerotic diseases remains controversial. We therefore aimed to explore an independent association between UA and ABI in healthy Korean men.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 664 male participants aged ≥19 years who visited our Center for Health Promotion. The ABI and serum UA were determined for all participants and the relationship between these parameters and between ABI and other variables was assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine an independent correlation between serum UA and ABI after adjustment for certain variables. Analysis of covariance was employed to identify a trend in the ABI relative to UA quartiles.RESULTS: The ABI correlated inversely with UA and variables such as body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. UA showed an independent inverse correlation with the ABI after serial adjustment for these variables (β=−0.265, P < 0.001). A decreasing trend in the ABI was observed with increasing UA quartile (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: UA shows an independent inverse correlation with ABI in healthy Korean men.

Correlation between Serum Uric Acid and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Korean Women

BACKGROUND: Serum uric acid (UA) has been found to be associated with hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome; however, its role as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still controversial. There have been very few studies reporting an association between UA levels and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), especially in women.METHODS: The study included 245 subjects whose CIMT was evaluated between February 2016 and December 2017 at a health promotion center. We divided the population into two groups on the basis of menopausal status: premenopausal women (n=78) and postmenopausal women (n=167). We measured blood pressure, serum lipid profile, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and creatinine and UA levels. CIMT was measured using high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography.RESULTS: UA levels and CIMT were higher in postmenopausal women (P=0.029, P < 0.001). In premenopausal women, age (r=0.438), body mass index (r=0.373), UA (r=0.205), and FBG (r=0.336) were associated with CIMT, whereas in postmenopausal women, age (r=0.326), body mass index (r=0.167), UA (r=0.166), systolic blood pressure (r=0.200), and HDL-cholesterol (r=−0.140) were associated with CIMT. The UA level was independently associated with CIMT in premenopausal women (β=0.208, P=0.031), whereas age was the only factor independently associated with CIMT in postmenopausal women (β=0.253, P=0.002). Women in the highest tertile of uric acid level exhibited a higher CIMT than did those in the lowest tertile after age adjustment (P for trend < 0.001).CONCLUSION: UA may be an independent risk factor for CIMT, suggesting that UA is a risk factor for the early detection of CVD, especially in premenopausal women.