Effects of Oral Health Behavior and Mental Health on Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults / 치위생과학회지

Background@#Integrated management of general, mental, and oral health is necessary to improve an individual’s quality of life. This study aimed to identify the effects of mental and oral health behaviors on metabolic syndrome. @*Methods@#A total of 4,227 Korean adults aged 20 years or older were selected as study subjects using raw data from the first year (2019) of the 8th period of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A complex sample chi-square test and a complex sample logistic regression analysis were performed using the PASW Statistics ver. 18.0 program. @*Results@#The effect on metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in male than in 1.833 times in male, 2.914 times in 30∼49 years old, and 3.855 times in 50∼64 years old, and 3.929 times in people over 65 years old compared to 20∼29 years old, and compared to those with a college degree or higher, those with a middle school degree or lower are 2.116 times, those with lower income levels are 1.507 times higher, those with middle-lower are 1.359 times higher, those with middle-high are 1.401 times. Compared to non-smokers, smokers were 1.570 times higher than non-smokers and compared to those without speech problem and chewing difficulty, they were 1.717 times and 1.397 times higher, respectively and 1.973 times higher in those with 0∼1 brushing times per day. Mental health did not affect prevalence of metabolic syndrome. @*Conclusion@#It is necessary to improve maintain a healthy lifestyle to lower the risk of metabolic syndrome. It is necessary to establish effective dental hygiene customized education and an efficient health management system at the national level that can induce improvement of oral health behavior for the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome.

The Relationship between Meal Regularity and Oral Health and Metabolic Syndrome of Adults in Single Korean Households / 치위생과학회지

Background@#This study aimed at investigating the meal regularity, health, and oral health habits of single Korean households to understand the impact of these factors on the risk of metabolic syndrome, in addition to preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. @*Methods@#Using raw data from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019), 274 study subjects, aged 19 to 64, were selected primarily from single adult households. Complex sample statistical analysis was performed using the Predictive Analytics Software Statistics ver. 18.0 program. @*Results@#Regarding the meal regularity in single-person households in Korea, the younger group outperformed the middle-aged group, and those who drank more than once a month performed better than those who drank less than once a month. In terms of oral health, regardless of the age and the income level, participants who ate three meals a day had a higher rate of speech problems and chewing difficulties than those who ate irregularly or regularly on a regular day. Factors influencing the risk of developing metabolic syndrome were age, speech problems, and frequency of toothbrushing. Compared to the younger group, there were 0.361 times more people in the middle-aged group; and compared to those without speech problems, there were 1.161 more people with speech problem. Compared to those who tooth brushed more than four times a day, there were 1.284 more people who tooth brushed 2 to 3 times a day and there were 5.673 times more people who tooth brushed less than once. @*Conclusion@#Based on the study results, it is necessary to implement a program that can plan and apply customized management measures and prevent metabolic syndrome by improving and correcting the health and oral health behaviors of single-person households in Korea. Therefore, active mediation measures, such as support and publicity at the local or national level, should be planned.

Prediction of the human in vivo antiplatelet effect of S- and R-indobufen using population pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation based on in vitro platelet aggregation test

Indobufen (Ibustrin®), a reversible inhibitor of platelet aggregation, exists in two enantiomeric forms in 1:1 ratio. Here, we characterized the anti-platelet effect of S- and R-indobufen using response surface modeling using NONMEM® and predicted the therapeutic doses exerting the maximal efficacy of each enantioselective S- and R-indobufen formulation. S- and R-indobufen were added individually or together to 24 plasma samples from drug-naïve healthy subjects, generating 892 samples containing randomly selected concentrations of the drugs of 0–128 mg/L. Collagen-induced platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma was determined using a Chrono-log Lumi-Aggregometer. Inhibitory sigmoid I(max) model adequately described the anti-platelet effect. The S-form was more potent, whereas the R-form showed less inter-individual variation. No significant interaction was observed between the two enantiomers. The anti-platelet effect of multiple treatments with 200 mg indobufen twice daily doses was predicted in the simulation study, and the effect of S- or R-indobufen alone at various doses was predicted to define optimal dosing regimen for each enantiomer. Simulation study predicted that 200 mg twice daily administration of S-indobufen alone will produce more treatment effect than S-and R-mixture formulation. S-indobufen produced treatment effect at lower concentration than R-indobufen. However, inter-individual variation of the pharmacodynamic response was smaller in R-indobufen. The present study suggests the optimal doses of R-and S-enantioselective indobufen formulations in terms of treatment efficacy for patients with thromboembolic problems. The proposed methodology in this study can be applied to the develop novel enantio-selective drugs more efficiently.

Comparison of Oral Health Status according to Glycated Hemoglobin A1c / 치위생과학회지

The purpose of this study was to compare dental health status of South Korean adults, according to the control protocol of glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). From the measurements of HbA1c levels of 4,991 individuals over the age of 19 who participated in the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the following conclusions were obtained. Glycated hemoglobin was 7.2% in the HbA1c ≥6.6 diabetic group and 5.9% in women and 8.5% in men. The ratio in the glucose non-control group was higher in the older age group, the lower average monthly household income group, and the lower education level group. Both the tissue health index and functioning teeth index indices were slightly higher in both men and women in the glucose control group. The tissue health index was higher in the younger age group, in the higher average monthly household income group, and in the higher education level group. The missing teeth (MT) index was greater among women (3.775 pieces) than among men (2.317 pieces) in the glucose non-control group. Higher age correlated with a greater number of MT, while higher income and education levels correlated with a lower number of MT. In conclusion, we will continue to provide counseling and education on oral health problems, thereby widening the awareness of the importance of oral health care and providing a variety of media and education methods related to medical and oral health that can manage diabetic patients according to the level of HbA1c It should be developed.

Study on Clinical Dental Hygiene in Korea Based on Analysis of Clinical Dental Hygiene Curriculum of Fones School in the United States / 치위생과학회지

The aim of this study was to analyze in depth the standardized Clinical dental hygiene curriculum of the Fones School in the United States. We investigated the clinical dental hygiene curriculum in 2015~2016 including title, credit, hours, contents, goals, competencies, and evaluation. We obtained the course syllabus and data related to each subject, for each grade, from the professors and students at the university. The goals and competencies, of the clinical dental hygiene program, which were based on the goals of the Fones School and the mission of the University of Bridgeport, were developed in accordance with the dental hygienist practice standards proposed by the American Dental Hygienists Association. The curriculum consisted of theory to teach proper dental hygiene care procedures and incorporated practical exercises that modeled an actual clinical setting. The students had to document the procedures performed for each client/patient and improve their clinical competency through discussion with the professors. Dental hygiene care should be provided for children, adolescents, adults, elderly, and patients, which includes patients with moderate or severe periodontal status. Students were evaluated by a paper test or case study presentation and their clinical evaluation was based on their clinical competency. In particular, professors evaluated students on a rotational basis, so they could evaluate the level of achievement of clinical competency of all students and find ways to improve any weaknesses. Therefore, the current study suggested that clinical dental hygiene program in Korea could be improved if based on the curriculum of Fones School in the United States.

Study on Current Curriculum Analysis of Clinical Dental Hygiene for Dental Hygiene Students in Korea / 치위생과학회지

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to standardize the clinical dental hygiene curriculum, based on analysis of current clinical dental hygiene curricula in Korea. We emailed questionnaires to 12 schools to investigate clinical dental hygiene curricula, from February to March, 2017. We analyzed the clinical dental hygiene curricula in 5 schools with a 3-year program and in 7 schools with a 4-year program. The questionnaire comprised nine items on topics relating to clinical dental hygiene, and four items relating to the dental hygiene process and oral prophylaxis. The questionnaire included details regarding the subject name, the grade/semester/credit system, course content and class hours, the number of senior professors, and the number of patients available for dental hygiene clinical training purposes. In total, there were 96 topics listed in the curricula relating to clinical dental hygiene training, and topics varied between the schools. There was an average of 20.4 topic credits, and more credits and hours were allocated to the 4-year program than to the 3-year program. On average, the ratio of students to professors was 21.4:1. Course content included infection control, concepts for dental hygiene processes, dental hygiene assessment, intervention and evaluation, case studies, and periodontal instrumentation. An average of 2 hours per patient was spent on dental hygiene practice, with an average of 1.9 visits. On average, student clinical training involved 19 patients and 26.6 patients in the 3-year and 4-year programs, respectively. The average participation time per student per topic was 38.0 hours and 53.1 hours, in the 3-year and 4-year programs, respectively. Standardizing the clinical dental hygiene curricula in Korea will require consensus guidelines on topics, the number of classes required to achieve core competencies as a dental hygienist, and theory and practice time.

Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Korean Patients with Acute Infections / 감염과화학요법

BACKGROUND: For more effective and safer usage of antibiotics, the dosing strategy should be individualized based on the patients’ characteristics, including race. The aim of this study was to investigate the population pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of piperacillin and tazobactam in Korean patients with acute infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: At least four consecutive 2/0.25 g or 4/0.5 g doses of piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) were intravenously infused over 1 h every 8 h for patients with creatinine clearance (CL(cr)) ≤50 ml/min or CL(cr) >50 mL/min, respectively. Blood samples from 33 patients at a steady-state were taken pre-dose and at 0 min, 30 min, and 4-6 h after the fourth infusion. The population PK analysis was conducted using a non-linear mixed-effects method. A likelihood ratio test was used to select significant covariates, with significance levels of P <0.05 for selection and P <0.01 for elimination. RESULTS: Both piperacillin PK and tazobactam PK were well described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Creatinine clearance and body weight, as covariates on clearance (CL) and volume of central compartment (V1), were selected among the covariates possibly affecting PK parameters of both drugs. CL was defined as CL = 2.9 + 4.03 × CL(cr)/47 for piperacillin and CL = 1.76 + 4.81 × CL(cr)/47 for tazobactam. V1 was defined as V1 = 19.5 × weight/60 for piperacillin and V1 = 22.6 × weight/60 for tazobactam. CONCLUSION: The PK profiles of TZP at a steady-state in Korean patients with acute infections were well described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Both piperacillin and tazobactam clearances were significantly influenced by creatinine clearance.

Development of a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of simvastatin acid, the active metabolite of simvastatin, in human plasma

Simvastatin is a lipid-lowering drug that is metabolized to its active metabolite simvastatin acid (SA). We developed and validated a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method to quantitate SA in human plasma using a liquid-liquid extraction method with methanol. The protonated analytes generated in negative ion mode were monitored by multiple reaction monitoring. Using 500-mL plasma aliquots, SA was quantified in the range of 0.1-100 ng/mL. Calibration was performed by internal standardization with lovastatin acid, and regression curves were generated using a weighting factor of 1/χ2. The linearity, precision, and accuracy of this assay for each compound were validated using quality control samples consisting of mixtures of SA (0.1, 0.5, 5, and 50 ng/mL) and plasma. The intra-batch accuracy was 95.3-107.8%, precision was -2.2% to -3.7%, and linearity (r2) was over 0.998 in the standard calibration range. The chromatographic running time was 3.0 min. This method sensitively and reliably measured SA concentrations in human plasma and was successfully used in clinical pharmacokinetic studies of simvastatin in healthy Korean adult male volunteers.

Effects of mirodenafil on the hemodynamics in hypertensive patients taking amlodipine

While phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors have been used for erectile dysfunction with acceptable safety profile, they can induce orthostatic hypotension in patients taking antihypertensive drugs with blood pressure lowering effect. This study evaluated the hemodynamic effects of 100 mg mirodenafil in hypertensive patients taking an amlodipine. Thirteen hypertensive patients who were taking 5 or 10 mg of amlodipine once daily participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. A single oral dose of mirodenafil 100 mg or placebo was administered at 4.5 hour after administration of amlodipine. The maximal change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (ΔmaxSBP and ΔmaxDBP) and pulse rate (ΔmaxPR) were compared between mirodenafil and placebo periods. Twelve patients completed this study and were included analysis. The values of ΔmaxPR in standing and supine position were significantly greater in the mirodenafil period (13.25±7.12 and 11.17±4.86 beats/minute) when compared to the placebo (8.50±4.72 and 6.58±3.90 beats/minute). The ΔmaxSBP and ΔmaxDBP in standing position appeared to be lower in the mirodenafil period, but they were not statistically different from those in the placebo period (ΔmaxSBP = -7.42±5.6 vs -4.42±5.37 mmHg and ΔmaxDBP = -7.17±5.72 vs -3.50±3.37 mmHg). Both ΔmaxSBP and ΔmaxDBP in standing and supine position were not significantly different between mirodenafil and placebo. This study demonstrated that mirodenafil exerted minimal hemodynamic effects in the patients taking amlodipine, that is unlikely associated with a clinically significant hypotensive event.

Association between perception of dry mouth and pre and post-wearing denture satisfaction in the Hansen people / 나학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated on the severity of dry mouth in the hansen people and the association between dry mouth(low, moderate and high) with pre and post wearing denture satisfaction. METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 104 hansen people(mean age=69.3). Data were collected by means of a personal interview from April 30 through to Jane 20, 2014. Pre and post wearing denture satisfaction was measured by the 24-items and dry mouth was measured by the 4-items. The data was analysed with t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Logistic regression using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Regarding perception of dry mouth, the subjects achieved a mean of 6.13 out of a maximum 12 points. Scores were categorised as high(8~12), medium(5~7) or low(1~4) and the proportion were 24.5%(9.56), 42.2%(5.81) and 33.3%(4.00) respectively. Those who were older and had fewer natural teeth felt that their perception of dry mouth was more severe. A logistic regression analysis showed that the subjects perception of dry mouth had a significant impact on their gender (OR=2.73), comfort (OR=0.21), aesthetic appreciation (OR=7.56) satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, the perception of dry mouth has a significant and negative impact on denture satisfaction. These results suggest that oral health promotion should be considered various factors related dry mouth in the elderly with removable denture.

The effectiveness of maintenance care by non-surgical treatment on the periodontal disease in the people affected by leposy / 나학회지

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to prove the effectiveness of professional maintenance care to the periodontal disease by non-surgical approach with the toothpick method to improve the periodontal health. METHODS: The patients of this study were composed of 46 patients( 18 men and 28 women), suffering from chronic adult periodontitis, who had visited the department of dental clinic center. All of the subjects were over 50years old and be treated just by non-surgical method. Professional maintenance care using the toothpick method was performed every 3 months, and evaluations were also done after 1, 2, and 3 year-professional maintenance care based on the indices such as plaque index(O' Leary index), periodontal probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, the number of tooth loss, and the rate of tooth loss representing the state of periodontal health. RESULTS: 1. The longer the maintenance care, the more the effectiveness of controlling plaque. The rate of decrease in the dental plaque index was 1.5%, 4.2%, and 6.5% in 1, 2, and 3 year maintenance groups respectively(P>0.05). 2. The periodontal pocket depth decreased depends on the severity of periodontal pocket depth in all groups the maintenance years(P0.05). 4. Tooth mobility has decreased in the maintenance years, but did not show any difference statistically(P>0.05). 5. The number and the rate of tooth loss among the patients of 1year-maintenance group was 0.38, 1.44% respectively and that of 3 year-maintenance group was 0.44, 1.73% each. CONCLUSION: The results of this study mentioned above suggest that professional maintenance care should be operated effectively to prevent and to maintain the periodontal disease systematically on the purpose of proving the quality of life, and that it could be applied to the medical insurance system in other to try to make the most of the adult oral health care positively.

Comparison of Pharmacokinetic Characteristics and Safety Between JW Amlodipine(R) Tablet 5 mg and Novarsc(R) Tablet 5 mg in Healthy Male Volunteers

BACKGROUND: Amlodipine is a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, which has proven to be a useful drug against hypertension or angina. METHODS: This randomized, open-label, two-period, two-treatment, single-dose, crossover study was conducted in twenty healthy male volunteers. Subjects were administered 5 mg of the test or reference formulation. After 2-week washout period, the other formulation was administered. Blood samples were collected up to 144 hours after drug administration, and plasma amlodipine concentrations were determined by validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Drug safety was assessed using measurement of vital signs, physical examinations, laboratory test, electrocardiograms, and adverse event monitoring. RESULTS: All subjects were completed this study. The geometric mean ratios of Cmax and AUClast were 1.078 (90 % CI, 0.968 - 1.200) and 1.095 (90 % CI, 1.011 - 1.186), respectively. There were no serious adverse events were reported by both formulations. CONCLUSION: This study showed the test and reference formulations had similar pharmacokinetics and safety profiles.

Comparison of Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Two Formulations of Letrozole (2.5 mg) in Healthy Male Volunteers

BACKGROUND: Letrozole is an oral non-steroidal inhibitor of the aromatase enzyme, which has proven to be a useful drug against breast cancer. METHODS: This single-dose, randomized 2 x 2 crossover study was conducted in healthy male volunteers. Participants of each sequence group (each 13 volunteers for sequence group) received, in randomized sequence, a single oral 2.5-mg dose of generic letrozole (test) or branded letrozole (reference). Each treatment period was separated by a 5-week washout period. Blood samples were collected for up to 312 hours after drug administration, and drug concentrations were determined using validated LC/MS-MS. Pharmacokinetic properties were obtained using noncompartmental analysis. Drug tolerability was assessed throughout the study, using measurements of vital signs, physical examination, clinical chemistry testing, EKG, and interviews. RESULTS: A total of 26 subjects completed the study. The geometric mean ratios (90% CI) of Cmax and AUClast were 0.92 (0.85 - 0.99) and 1.01 (0.97 - 1.04), respectively. No serious AEs were reported, and there were no clinically significant differences between test and reference groups. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study suggest bioequivalence between two formulations of letrozole in healthy male volunteers. The safety profile of two formulations had similar characteristics.

Comparison of Pharmacokinetic Characteristics and the Safety between Amlodipine Maleate Tablet 5 mg and Amlodipine Besylate Tablet 5 mg

BACKGROUND: Amlodipine is a third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for treating hypertension. Though marketed primarily as a besylate salt, there have been some efforts to find other comparable salts. Among them, maleate is the salt that has been considered favorable for many drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics, as well as safety and tolerability of amlodipine maleate with amlodipine besylate. METHODS: This study was open, randomized, two-period crossover design investigated in twelve healthy male volunteers over a 144 h period after administrating two forms of amlodipine 5 mg, respectively. Each period was separated with 2 weeks. Plasma concentrations of amlodipine were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Safety profiles were assessed by vital signs, physical examinations, electrocardiograms, laboratory testing and adverse events monitoring. RESULTS: All subjects were completed this study. Geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of amlodipine maleate/amlodipine besylate of Cmax and AUClast for amlodipine were 0.92 (90 % confidence interval, 0.81 ~ 1.05) and 1.05 (0.96 ~ 1.16), respectively. No serious adverse events were reported, and no clinically relevant changes were observed in safety profiles during this trial. CONCLUSION: Pharmacokinetics, tolerability and the safety were comparable between amlodipine maleate and amlodipine besylate in healthy individuals.

A study on the design of the removable partial denture in the identical master cast of the leprosy patient / 나학회지

The upper and the lower master models of Class II mod.1 by the Kennedy of classification were duplicated to the dentists in the dental clinic Suncheon, and the status of the surveying procedure, the form and type of the major connector, the form and type of the direct retainer, the location and status of the indirect retainer, and the modification of abutment were surveyed and analyzed and were compared to the principles of the design rationale of the removable partial denture to evaluate whether or not each component of the removable partial denture framework designed by the dentists. The analyzed results were as follows: 1. The status with or without the surveying procedure was showed 7 cases(10.29%) and 61 cases(89.71%) respectively. 2. Single palatal strap, A-P bar, broad palatal plate, complete coverage palatal major connector, single palatal bar, U-shaped palatal connector, and the others without drawing of the major connector were 27 cases (38.57%), 25 cases(35.71%), 5 cases(7.01%), 4 cases(5.71%), 2 cases (2.86%), 1 cases(1.43%), 6 cases(8.57%) respectively in the design patterns of the maxillary major connectors, and lingual bar, linguoplate, and others without drawing of the major connector were 55 cases(80.88%), 11 cases(16.18%), 2 cases(2.84%), respectively in the pattern of the mandibular major connectors. 3. The direct retainer designed to the 1st bicuspid of the upper left and the lower right adjacent to the free-end edentulous area was that the design of bar clasp was 67.41% in the highest rate and that of Akers clasp was 23.36%. 4. The direct retainer designed to the 1st bicuspid of the upper right and the lower left was that the of Akers clasp was 56.62% in the highest rate and that of bar clasp was 33.82%. 5. The mesial rests of the 1st bicuspid of the upper left and the lower right adjacent to the free-end edentulous area were 77.46%, 66.20% respectively and the distal rests and mesial rests of the 1st bicuspid of the upper left and the lower right were 58.82%, 55.71%, 38.24%, 38.57% respectively and the mesial rests of the 2nd molar of the upper right and the lower left were 95.71%, 95.65% respectively, viewed from the location of the occlusal rest seat. 6. The cases without the design of the indirect retainer were 51.47% in the upper and the lower master models respectively. 7. The modification of abutments(surveyed crown) of upper and lower teeth were 8.82%, 8.82% respectively.

A Simple Dosing Scheme for Intravenous Busulfan Based on Retrospective Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis in Korean Patients

Busulfan is an antineoplastic agent with a narrow therapeutic window. A post-hoc population pharmacokinetic analysis of a prospective randomized trial for comparison of four-times daily versus once-daily intravenous busulfan was carried out to search for predictive factors of intravenous busulfan (iBu) pharmacokinetics (PK). In this study the population PK of iBu was characterized to provide suitable dosing recommendations. Patients were randomized to receive iBu, either as 0.8 mg/kg every 6 h or 3.2 mg/kg daily over 4 days prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In total, 295 busulfan concentrations were analyzed with NONMEM. Actual body weight and sex were significant covariates affecting the PK of iBu. Sixty patients were included in the study (all Korean; 23 women, 37 men; mean [SD] age, 36.5 [10.9] years; weight, 66.5 [11.3] kg). Population estimates for a typical patient weighing 65 kg were: clearance (CL) 7.6 l/h and volume of distribution (Vd) 32.2 l for men and 29.1 L for women. Inter-individual random variabilities of CL and Vd were 16% and 9%. Based on a CL estimate from the final PK model, a simple dosage scheme to achieve the target AUC0-inf (defined as median AUC0-inf with a once-daily dosage) of 26.18 mg/lxhr, was proposed: 24.79xABW0.5 mg q24h, where ABW represents the actual body weight in kilograms. The dosing scheme reduced the unexplained interindividual variabilities of CL and Vd of iBu with ABW being a significant covariate affecting clearance of iBU. We propose a new simple dosing scheme for iBu based only on ABW.

A Study on the fabrication request for the removable partial denture framework / 나학회지

The purpose of this study was to investgate and evaluate whether the recording information contained in the work authorization was performed properly and master casts were designed accurately according to the rationale and principles of the removable partial denture when the work authorization and the master casts were sent to the dental framework. the accurate recording of the work authorization sent to dental laboratory in Hwasun for removable partial denture framework, the normal form of the occlusal rest guiding plan of the surveyed crown using the surveyor, the location analysis of the occlusal rest seat, the design patten of the maxillary and mandibulary major connectors, the use of the surveyor on the master cast, the status of the secondary impression taken in the distal extension edentulous areas were investigated for this study. The following results were obtained : 1. In the status of the occlusal rest seat prepared in the abutment, the occlusal rest seat with normal form was 81.25%, 95.45%, that without form was 6.25%, 0.00%, respectively in Class I and Class II on the maxillary cast and the occlusal rest seat with normal form was 76.92%, 95.45%, that without form was 7.69%, 0.00% respectively in Class I and Class II on the mandibular cast. 2. In the status of the guiding plan, the guiding plan with the normal form was 79.17%, 86.36% that with abnormal form was 20.84%, 13.64% respectively in Class I and Class II on the maxillary cast and the guiding plan with normal form was 79.49%, 77.27%, that with abnormal form was 20.51%, 22.73% respectively in Class I and Class II on the mandibular cast. 3. The abutment splinting in the distal extension removable partial denture was 20.78%, 27.27%, respectively in Class I and Class II on the maxillary cast and was 25.64%, 13.64% respectively in Class I and Class II on the mandibular cast. 4. The location and form of the major connector delineated on the maxillary and mandibular master cast was 95.83%, 98.41% respectively. 5. The delineation and recording on the work authorization was incomplete as group II(73.33%), group I(14.07%), group III(12.59%) and group IV (0.00%) in investigating the contents of the work authorization. 6. Aker's clasp of the types of the direct retainer was nots used 72.22%, 74.60%, in the maxillary and mandibular casts respectively. 7. The location of the indirect retainer delineated on the maxillary and mandibular master cast was 51.43%, 50.82% respectively. 8. The types of metal used were mostly Cr-Co non-precious metal alloy and the cases using color coding on the drawing paper of work authorization were not observed. 9. The cases taking secondary impression in the distal extension removable partial denture were 45.71%, 52.46% respectively in the maxillary and mandibular master cast. 10. The delineation of tripoding or reference line on the master cast was not observed in surveying procedure.

Subjective oral health perception of Hansen's disease in Sorokdo / 나학회지

The purpose of this study was to examine subjective oral health perception of Hansen's disease in Sorokdo. And the relationship of four categories (chewing ability, intraoral pain, intraoral othersysptom, and communication ability and social relationship) with clinical index was tried to clarify. The 460 subjects of Hansen's disease in Sorokdo was selected for oral examination and survey. The results are as follows: 1. 73.1% of Hansen's disease in Sorokdo recognized that their oral health is unwell. 2. 70% of total population recognized that they have limitation about chewing function, Especially, 35.9% of Hansen's disease feels chewing difficulty for standard foodstuffs as rice cake. 3. In intraoral pain, painful tooth was 76.3%, sensitive tooth was 43.2%. and temporomandiblular joint pain was 15.2%. 4. In intraoral other symptoms, tooth mobility was 71.3%, food impaction was 78.9% gingiavl bleeding was 96.8%, xerostomia was 62.8%, and halitosis was 84.2%. 5. 21.5% of Hansen's disease in Sorokdo has communication difficulty by teeth or denture problem, and 39.2% of them avoid relationship with other people.

Oral Infection Diagnosis and Treatment in Hansen's Patient / 나학회지

Dental infection which has been harmful to human for a long time occurs when the balance of three factors; host, environment and source of infection are broken and occurs especially when the balance of the resistance of the host and the toxin of bacteria are collapsed. Though dental-origin infection causes severe pain, it is commonly localized in gingiva, pulp and the surface of alveolar bone and as the decrease of its prevalence due to the development of antibiotics and the ease of treatment by a simple aids, there are no case that proper caution are made for the infection. Expecially in case of patient with infectious Hansen's disease(leprosy), as they have many other medical diseases, dental disease are mostly passed by. As oromaxillary infection can end up to death, though it is hard to treat a severly progressed myofascial space infection, general understanding about the reason, the pattern of spreading, treatment, prevention of it should be needed to make actual management in the situation of an doubtless developing of infection in patient treatment and situation of suspicious development of early myofascial space infection. Since last 5 years, 36% of the patients were hospitalized due to their dental infection and consistent advertising and treatment resulted in a gradual decrease of it.

Effects of Fetal Mesencephalic Cell Grafts on the Intrastriatal 6-hydroxydoapmine Lesioned Rats

The effects of fetal mesencephalic cell grafts on the restoration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic function were studied in the intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Four weeks after lesioning, transplantation of ventral mesencephalic cells from embryonic day 14 fetuses showed the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive cells and fiber outgrowth in the grafted striatum, and significantly ameliorated symptomatic motor behavior of the animals, as determined by apomorphine-induced rotation. Furthermore, in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the numbers of TH cells and fibers were markedly restored. Dopamine content of ipsilateral SNc was close to that of contralateral SNc (91.9 9.8%) in the transplanted animals, while the ratio was approximately 32% in sham-grafted animals. These results indicate that grafted cells restored the activity for the dopaminergic neurons located in SNc, although they were transplanted into striatum. In addition, we showed that the implanted fetal cells expressed high level of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), suggesting that the transplanted fetal cells might serve as a dopamine producer and a reservoir of neurotrophic factors. These results may be helpful in consideration of the therapeutic transplantation at early stage of PD.