Effects of electro-scalp acupuncture on inflammatory response and microglial polarization in the ischemic cortex of rats with ischemic stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of electro-scalp acupuncture （ESA） on the expression of microglial markers CD206 and CD32, as well as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the ischemic cortex of rats with ischemic stroke, and to explore the mechanisms of ESA on alleviating inflammatory damage of ischemic stroke.@*METHODS@#Sixty 7-week-old male SD rats were randomly selected, with 15 rats assigned to a sham surgery group. The remaining rats were treated with suture method to establish rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rats with successful model were randomly divided into a model group, a VitD3 group, and an ESA group, with 15 rats in each group. In the ESA group, ESA was performed bilaterally at the "top-temporal anterior oblique line" with disperse-dense wave, a frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz, and an intensity of 1 mA. Each session lasted for 30 min, once daily, for a total of 7 days. The VitD3 group were treated with intragastric administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-VitD3) solution (3 ng/100 g), once daily for 7 days. The neurological deficit scores and neurobehavioral scores were assessed before and after the intervention. After the intervention, the brain infarct volume was evaluated using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Immunofluorescence double staining was performed to detect the protein expression of CD32 and CD206 in the ischemic cortex. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the protein expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the ischemic cortex.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham surgery group, the model group showed increased neurological deficit scores and neurobehavioral scores (P<0.01), increased brain infarct volume (P<0.01), increased protein expression of CD32, IL-6, and IL-1β in the ischemic cortex (P<0.01), and decreased protein expression of CD206 and IL-10 in the ischemic cortex (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, both the ESA group and the VitD3 group showed decreased neurological deficit scores and neurobehavioral scores (P<0.01), reduced brain infarct volume (P<0.01), decreased protein expression of CD32, IL-6, and IL-1β in the ischemic cortex (P<0.01), and increased protein expression of CD206 and IL-10 in the ischemic cortex (P<0.01). Compared with the VitD3 group, the ESA group had lower neurological deficit score (P<0.05), larger brain infarct volume (P< 0.05), and lower protein expression of CD32, CD206, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the ischemic cortex (P<0.01, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#ESA could improve neurological function in MCAO rats, and its mechanism may be related to promoting microglial M1-to-M2 polarization and alleviating inflammatory damage.

Advance of Netrin-1 for Protection and Repairment of Injuries after Cerebral Infarction (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Netrin-1 may protect and repair the damage caused by cerebral infarction, in terms of inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory, and promoting angiogenesis and axon regeneration, etc. Netrin-1 may associate with the pathogenesis and outcome of cerebral infarction. The application of Netrin-1 in clinic needs more researches.

Effect of L-cysteine on colonic motility and the underlying mechanism / 生理学报

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of L-cysteine on colonic motility and the underlying mechanism. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the localization of the HS-generating enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE). Organ bath system was used to observe the muscle contractile activities. Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was applied to record ionic channels currents in colonic smooth muscle cells. The results showed that both CBS and CSE were localized in mucosa, longitudinal and circular muscle and enteric neurons. L-cysteine had a dual effect on colonic contraction, and the excitatory effect was blocked by pretreatment with CBS inhibitor aminooxyacetate acid (AOAA) and CSE inhibitor propargylglycine (PAG); L-cysteine concentration-dependently inhibited L-type calcium channel current (I) without changing the characteristic of L-type calcium channel (P < 0.01); In contrast, the exogenous HS donor NaHS increased I at concentration of 100 μmol/L, but inhibited I and modified the channel characteristics at concentration of 300 μmol/L (P < 0.05); Furthermore, L-cysteine had no effect on large conductance calcium channel current (I), but NaHS significantly inhibited I (P < 0.05). These results suggest that L-cysteine has a potential dual effect on colonic smooth muscle and the inhibitory effect might be directly mediated by L-type calcium channel while the excitatory effect might be mediated by endogenous HS.

Scalp-acupuncture improves neurological function by regulating expression of IL-10 mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α of parahippocampal gyrus in cerebral ischemic rats / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of scalp-acupuncture intervention on the expression of Interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) - α in the parahippocampal gyrus of cerebral ischemia (CI) rats, so as to explore its molecular mechanisms underlying improvement of CI. METHODS: A total of 64 male SD rats were randomized into normal control, model, medication and scalp-acupuncture groups (n＝16 rats in each group). The focal CI model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Intraperitoneal injection of Ammonium Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate (100 mg•kg－1•d－1) was administrated for rats in the medication group, once a day for 7 days. For rats of the scalp-acupuncture group, the acupuncture needles were rapidly inserted into bilateral Dingnieqianxiexian (MS6), followed by twirling the needles at 100 cycles/min for 1 min, once again every 10 min during 20 min' needle retention. The treatment was conducted once a day for 7 days. The neurologic deficit score (0－4 points, impaired consciousness, death, etc.) and neurological function score (motor, sensory and sensory tests, 0－10 points) were assessed according to Longa's (1989) and Schabitz's (2004) methods, respectively. The expression levels of IL-10 mRNA and IL-6 mRNA were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the expression of TNF-α was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: After modeling, the neurologic deficit and neurological function scores and the expression levels of IL-10 mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α protein in the parahippocampus were significantly increased in the model group than in the normal control group (P<0.01). Following the intervention, the neurologic deficit and neurological function scores as well as IL-6 mRNA and TNF-α protein expression were significantly down-regulated in both scalp-acupuncture and medication groups (P<0.05), and the expression of IL-10 mRNA was obviously increased (P<0.05) relevant to the model group. CONCLUSION: Scalp-acupuncture can improve neurologic function in CI rats, which is related to its effects in up-regulating the expression of IL-10, then down-regulating the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α (reducing inflammatory response) in the parahippocampal gyrus.

Effect of scalp acupuncture stimulation on cerebral infarct volume and expression of IL-10, IL-6 and IL-1β in para-hippocampal gyrus in acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease rats / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of scalp acupuncture on cerebral infarct size and expression of IL-10, IL-6, and IL-1β in the para-hippocampal gyrus in acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease(AICD) rats, so as to investigate its mechanisms underlying improvement of AICD. METHODS: Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly allocated to normal control (control), AICD model, medication, and scalp acupuncture groups (n＝12 per group). The AICD model was established by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). Rats of the medication group received intraperitoneal injection of Ammonium 1-Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC, 100 mg•kg－1•d－1), once daily for 7 days. Scalp acupuncture stimulation was applied to bilateral "Dingnieqianxiexian" (MS6) once daily for 7 days. Before and after intervention, the neurologic deficit score (NDS) and the neurological score (NS) were evaluated according to Longa's and Schäbitz's methods, respectively. At the end of the intervention, the para-hippocampal gyrus and whole brain were collected respectively. The expression levels of IL-10, IL-6 and IL-1β in the para-hippocampal gyrus tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the cerebral infarct volume of the brain was detected by triphenyltetrazollium chloride (TTC) staining after sectioning. RESULTS: Following modeling, the NDS, NS and the expression of IL-10, IL-6 and IL-1β in para-hippocampal gyrus were significantly increased in the model group compared with the control group (P0.05). The effect of scalp acupuncture was obviously superior to that of medication in up-regulating IL-10 expression level (P0.05). CONCLUSION: Scalp acupuncture can improve neurological function and reduce infarct volume in AICD rats, which may be associated with its function in up-regulating the expression of IL-10 and in inhibiting the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β to reduce inflammation reaction.

Effects of Infrasound on Gastric Motility, Gastric Morphology and Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Infrasound widely exists in nature, our living condition, productive and traffic environment. Gastrointestinal tract is relatively sensitive to infrasound. However, the effect of infrasound on gastrointestinal function is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to observe the effects of infrasound on gastric motility and gastric morphology and to assess the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in gastric antrum after exposure to infrasound of 8 Hz - 130 dB for 2 hours per day for 14 consecutive days. Gastric motility was assessed by gastric fluid-emptying rate. Gastric morphology was evaluated by HE. The expression of NOS was measured by tissue microarray technology. The results would contribute to understand the role of infrasound in gastroenterology, and help to explain the mechanism of infrasound on gastroenterology.

Effects of Ligustilide on the withdrawal syndromes and monoamine neurotransmitters in brain of morphine-dependent rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of Ligustilide on the withdrawal syndromes syn-dromes and monoamine neurotransmitters of hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens in morphine-dependent rats. Methods Totally 60 SD rats were divided into control group,model group,clonidine group and Ligust-ilide high(80 mg/kg),medium(40 mg/kg) and low(20 mg/kg) dose group according to the random number table with 10 in each group. Rats were given in gradual increasing doses of morphine to produce physical de-pendence. Morphine withdrawal syndrome was precipitated by naloxone and withdrawal symptoms were evalu-ated by Ryuta Tomoji score. The level of norepinephrine ( NE), dopamine ( DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in rats were tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results The total score of somatic withdrawal syndromes in the control group,model group,clonidine group and Ligustilide low,medium and high dose group were 0,(31. 83±7. 33),(17. 92±6. 88),(25. 58±5. 99),(19. 88±4. 82) and (16. 75 ±4. 01) . Compared with the model group,the morphine withdrawal syndromes scores of Ligustilide low,me- dium and high dose groups and clonidine group were reduced(all P<0. 05). The level of NE,DA and 5-HT in hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens were increased compared with that of control group. Compared with the model group,the level of NE,DA and 5-HT in hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens of Ligustilide low, medium and high dose groups and clonidine group were significantly reduced (P<0. 05). Conclusion Ligu-stilide can effectively alleviate the symptoms in morphine-withdrawal rats,which may be related to the inhibi-tion of excessive release of monoamine neurotransmitters in hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens.

Scalp-acupuncture Improves Neurological Function by Regulating Expression of NF-κB p 65 mRNA, IκB mRNA and IL-1 β and TNF-α in Parahippocampal Gyrus of Cerebral Ischemia Rats / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of scalp-acupuncture intervention on the expression of parahippocampal factor-κB p 65 mRNA (NF-κB p 65 mRNA), IκB mRNA, interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rats with cerebral ischemia (CI), so as to investigate its molecular mechanisms underlying improving CI by reducing inflammatory response. METHODS: A total of 64 SD rats were randomized into normal control, model, medication and scalp-acupuncture groups, with 16 rats in each group. The focal CI model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Intraperitoneal injection of Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate (100 mg•kg－1•d－1) was administrated for rats in the medication group, once a day for 7 days. For rats of the scalp-acupuncture group, the acupuncture needles were rapidly inserted into bilateral Dingnieqianxiexian (MS 6) and Dingniehouxiexian (MS 7), followed by twirling the needles at 200 cycles/min for 1 min, once again every 10 min during 30 min's needle retention. The treatment was conducted once a day for 7 days. The neurologic deficit score (0－5 points, impaired consciousness, death, etc.) and neurological function score (motor, sensory and sensory tests, 0－10 points) were assessed according to Longa's (1989) and Schäbitz's (2004) methods, respectively. The expression levels of NF-κB p 65 mRNA and IκB mRNA in the parahippocampus gyrus tissue were detected by fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and IL-1 β and TNF-α proteins in the parahippocampus gyrus tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: After modeling, the neurologic deficit and neurological function scores and the expression levels of NF-κB p 65 mRNA, IL-1 β and TNF-α in the parahip-pocampus were significantly increased in the model group than in the normal group (P<0.01), while the expression of IκB mRNA was considerably down-regulated (P<0.01). Following treatment intervention, the neurologic deficit and neurological function scores as well as NF-κB p 65 mRNA, and IL-1 β and TNF-α protein expression were significantly decreased in both scalp-acupuncture and medication groups compared with the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the decreased expression of IκB mRNA was obviously increased (P<0.05)．. CONCLUSION: Scalp-acupuncture can improve neurologic function in cerebral ischemic rats, which is related with its effects in up-regulating the expression of IκB to inhibit the dissociation of NF-κB, then decreasing the expression of IL-1 β and TNF-α (reducing inflammatory response) in the parahippocampal gyrus tissue.

Complete mesocolic excision in right hemicolectomy: comparison between hand-assisted laparoscopic and open approaches

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the feasibility, safety, and technical strategies of hand-assisted laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (HAL-CME) and to compare oncological outcomes between HAL-CME and the open approach (O-CME) for right colon cancers. METHODS: Patients who were scheduled to undergo a right hemicolectomy were divided into HAL-CME and O-CME groups. Measured outcomes included demographic variables, perioperative parameters, and follow-up data. Demographic variables included age, sex distribution, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, previous abdominal surgery, tumor localization, and potential comorbidities. Perioperative parameters included incision length, operative time, blood loss, conversion rate, postoperative pain score, postoperative first passage of flatus, duration of hospital stay, total cost, number of lymph nodes retrieved, TNM classification, and postoperative complications. Follow-up data included follow-up time, use of chemotherapy, local recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate, and short-term survival rate. RESULTS: In total, 150 patients (HAL-CME, 78; O-CME, 72) were included. The groups were similar in age, sex distribution, BMI, ASA classification, history of previous abdominal surgeries, tumor localization, and potential comorbidities. Patients in the HAL-CME group had shorter incision lengths, longer operative times, less operative blood loss, lower pain scores, earlier first passage of flatus, shorter hospital stay, higher total costs, similar numbers of lymph nodes retrieved, similar TNM classifications, and a comparable incidence of postoperative complications. The 2 groups were also similar in local recurrence rate, distant metastasis rate, and short-term survival rate. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that the HAL-CME procedure is a safe, valid, and feasible surgical method for right hemicolon cancers.

Effect of pulse magnetic field on distribution of neuronal action potential / 生理学报

The biological effect on the organism generated by magnetic field is widely studied. The present study was aimed to observe the change of sodium channel under magnetic field in neurons. Cortical neurons of Kunming mice were isolated, subjected to 15 Hz, 1 mT pulse magnetic stimulation, and then the currents of neurons were recorded by whole-cell patch clamp. The results showed that, under magnetic stimulation, the activation process of Na(+) channel was delayed, and the inactivation process was accelerated. Given the classic three-layer model, the polarization diagram of cell membrane potential distribution under pulse magnetic field was simulated, and it was found that the membrane potential induced was associated with the frequency and intensity of magnetic field. Also the effect of magnetic field-induced current on action potential was simulated by Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) model. The result showed that the generation of action potential was delayed, and frequency and the amplitudes were decreased when working current was between -1.32 μA and 0 μA. When the working current was higher than 0 μA, the generation frequency of action potential was increased, and the change of amplitudes was not obvious, and when the working current was lower than -1.32 μA, the time of rising edge and amplitudes of action potential were decreased drastically, and the action potential was unable to generate. These results suggest that the magnetic field simulation can affect the distribution frequency and amplitude of action potential of neuron via sodium channel mediation.

Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery in radical resection of rectal cancer / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the application experience and clinical effects of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 156 patients with rectal cancer treated with hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery between August 2009 and April 2011 were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative procedures of 156 patients were completed successfully and 1 case was converted to laparotomy (0.6%). The mean operation time was (125 ± 35) minutes; the mean intraoperative blood loss was (118 ± 60) ml; the mean time of bowel function recovery was (60 ± 8) hours; the median postoperative hospital stay was (9.5 ± 2.2) days. The mean number of lymph nodes dissection was (14 ± 5). Five patients (3.2%) had postoperative complications. All the patients were followed up. There had been no local recurrence or trocar site implantation metastasis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery approach for the curative resection of rectal cancer is safe and effective and has broad prospects in clinical application.</p>

Long-term results of 84 surgically treated patients with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma is a rare but dismal malignacy. This study is conducted to show retrospective review and analysis of the correlation between the prognosis and different treatment modalities.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 84 such patients treated by different modalities from January, 1992 to July, 2000 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed using SPSS 10.0 statistical package. The survivals were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and the difference among groups was tested by the log-rank test. The prognostic factors were determined by Cox multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 84 patients, 33 had complete resection, 19 palliative resection, 12 exploration alone, and the remaining 20 were treated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The mean follow-up time was 592 days. The overall 5-year survival rate was 13.1%. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate following complete resection was 76.8%, 52.6% and 30.5% respectively, which was significantly higher than those of palliative surgery or chemotherapy/radiotherapy (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that lymph node status (P = 0), histopathological grade (P = 0.001) and distant metastasis (P = 0.002) were significant high risk factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prognosis of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma remains poor even after complete resection as shown to have a 5-year survival of 30.5%. More effective adjuvant therapy is needed. Extended resection may be helpful in improving the prognosis for carefully selected patients. Early diagnosis and early treatment is still the key to improve the long-term survival of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma.</p>

The effect of infrasound on the level of somatostatin and cholecystokinin in rat duodenal mucosa / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To study the effects of infrasound of different frequencies and intensities on the levels of somatostatin(SS)and cholecystokinin(CCK)in rat duodenal mucosa.Methods A total of 140 male Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group,an 8 Hz-90 dB group,a 8 Hz-130 dB group and a 16 Hz- 130 dB group.The experimental groups were exposed to infrasound of 8 Hz-90 dB,8 Hz-130 dB or 16 Hz-130 dB,re- spectively,for 2 hours a day,and the control group was put under sham infrasonic exposure.After being exposed for 1, 7,14,21 and 28 days,7 rats were randomly selected from each group and underwent SS and CCK levels detection in duodenal mucosa by microarray radioimmunity method.Results Compared with the control group,the SS and CCK levels of duodenal mucosa did not change significantly after exposure for 1 day.The SS and CCK levels of duodenal mu- cosa significantly increased in 8 Hz-90 dB group,8 Hz-130 dB group and 16 Hz-130 dB group after exposure for 7,14, 21 and 28 days(P

The effects of infrasound on the morphology of the gastric mucosa / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the effects of infrasound(IS)of different frequencies and intensities on the pathological morphology of the gastric mucosa(GM)in rats.Methods One hundred and forty male Sprague- Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into a control group(group A),an 8 Hz 90 dB group(group B),an 8 Hz 130 dB group(group C)and a 16 Hz 130 dB group(group D).IS with these frequencies and intensities was administered daily for 2 h to all groups except group A,which received sham infrasound.The other 70 rats were ran- domly and evenly divided into a second control group(group E)and an exposure group(group F),in which the rats were continuously stimulated by IS at 8 Hz and 130 dB for 2 h a day for 14 d.The pathological morphology of the GM in each group was observed at 1 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d after IS exposure.Results①Compared with group A,GM lesion scores were significantly increased in groups B,C and D at 1 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d(P＜0.01),but not in group B at 1 d.②Compared with group B,the GM lesion scores in group C were obviously in- creased at 1 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d,while scores were also obviously improved in group C in comparison with those in group D at 14 d,21 d and 28 d(P＜0.01).③The GM lesion scores in group F decreased gradually after IS,but were still higher than those in group E at 1 d,7 d,14 d,21 d and 28 d after IS.④The ultrastructures of the chondrosome and endocytoplasmic reticulum in GM cells were deformed after 8 Hz and 16 Hz IS.Conclusion 8 Hz 90 dB,8 Hz 130 dB and 16 Hz 130 dB IS can all result in GM damage in rats.The injury severity was closely related to the frequency,intensity and duration of the IS.Rats can adapt to IS after several exposures,and the damage tends to recover automatically.