Electrolyte and acid-base imbalance in native calves with enteropathogenic diarrhea

Abstract: Diarrhea is the most common cause of death in calves, and remains a major health challenge. Although there are many studies on the related pathogens, the understanding of the clinicopathological changes is limited. This study aimed to identify the pathogens and observe the clinicopathological changes in electrolytes and acute phase proteins (APPs) associated with diarrhea.Blood samples and fecal samples were collected from 141 calves for the determination of APPs, electrolyte and acid-base status and identification of enteropathogens, respectively. Single or co-infections with enteropathogens, including virus (bovine viral diarrhea virus, coronavirus, and rotavirus), Eimeria, Cryptosporidium, and Escherichia coliK99 were detected in both non-diarrheic and diarrheic calves. Levels of APPs such as serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and fibrinogen were comparable between diarrheic and nondiarrheic calves. Hypoglycemia, high blood urea, electrolytes and acid-base imbalance (hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and decreased bicarbonate), and strong ion difference (SID) acidosis showed a significant association in diarrheic calves (p < 0.01). Particularly, significant hyponatremia, bicarbonate loss, SID acidosis, hypoglycemia, and elevated blood urea nitrogen were found in rotavirusinfected calves. Monitoring the clinicopathological parameters of APPs and electrolyte levels could be vital in the clinical management of diarrheic calves.

Generalized Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis of Infancy Responding to Hydroxyzine

No abstract available.

Dysplastic Nevus with Eruptive Melanocytic Lesions That Developed during Nilotinib Therapy for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

No abstract available.

Great Toenail Dystrophy: A Single-Center Experience and Review of the Literature / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: There have been a few reported cases of congenital great toenail dystrophy (GTND), described as a congenital malalignment of the great toenails. However, acquired GTDN is rare, and has not been documented extensively. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of 21 patients with acquired GTND. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with acquired GTND who visited Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital between June 2005 and August 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 43.1 years (range, 17 to 88 years), and the cohort predominantly comprised women (18/21). In our experience, all acquired GTND patients presented with yellow or yellow-brownish chromonychia, onychotrophy, and onycholysis. Conservative treatment with tape methods and grinding, as well as nail extraction, was provided and yielded little improvement in any case. CONCLUSION: This study provides initial data on the nail changes affecting the great toenail, such as yellowish chromonychia, onychomadesis, and onycholysis. These data may help physicians to distinguish various nail disorders, including onychomycosis, congenital malalignment of the great toenails, and yellow nail syndrome.

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Arising in a Patient with Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites / 가정의학회지

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites is defined as the appearance of intense skin reactive lesions and systemic symptoms subsequent to mosquito bites. Most cases of hypersensitivity to mosquito bites reported thus far have been associated with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection or natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma. In this study, we describe the case of an 18-year-old Korean boy who had hypersensitivity to mosquito bites associated with primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. After a mosquito bite, the patient developed a progressive cutaneous nodule on his left lower leg and regional lymphadenopathy in the left inguinal area. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings suggested anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography revealed increased fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the left T4 vertebrae, left external iliac lymph nodes, left inguinal lymph nodes, and lateral subcutaneous region of the left lower leg. According to the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings, as well as the imaging data, the patient was diagnosed with primary systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Consequently, the patient received a total of 6 cycles of cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + vincristine + prednisolone chemotherapy at 3-week intervals, after which the lesions regressed.

A Case of Pseudolymphoma on the Lip / 대한피부과학회지

Cutaneous pseudolymphoma is a benign reactive lymphoproliferative process that clinically and histologically simulates cutaneous lymphomas. Cutaneous pseudolymphoma usually develops as solitary or multiple erythematous papules or nodules. The face, scalp, and neck are the most common sites for pseudolymphomas. Several cases of pseudolymphomas on the lip have been reported previously in the literature but are rare. A 52-year-old woman presented with an asymptomatic, solitary, indurated, erythematous swelling of the mucosa of the upper lip, which had been present for several years. A punch biopsy was performed, and histologically, the lesion was diagnosed as cutaneous pseudolymphoma. Despite treatment with triamcinolone acetonide intralesional injection and systemic steroids, the lesion waxed and waned for 1 year. After stopping treatments for several months, the lesion spontaneously resolved. Herein, we report a rare case of pseudolymphoma on the lip without causative history.

Bullous Scabies with Bullous Pemphigoid / 대한피부과학회지

We report a rare case of bullous scabies with bullous pemphigoid in a 59-year-old male patient. He presented with a 9-month history of exhibiting multiple, variable-sized, red-to-brown, pruritic cutaneous patches, and papules with tense bullae on his whole body. A direct smear of the bullous lesions was performed and was negative for scabies mites. Histopathologic findings (hematoxylin and eosin staining) revealed Sarcoptes scabiei in the stratum corneum. There were sub-epidermal blisters with massive eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration in the epidermis and upper dermis. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy showed linear deposition of IgG at the dermo-epidermal junction. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of samples acquired for the salt-split skin test showed linear IgG deposition in the epidermis. Skin lesions improved after the patient was treated with an anti-scabietic and steroids.

A Case of Melanocytic Nevus Combined with an Vellus Hair Cyst / 대한피부과학회지

A nevus with cyst is defined as a single lesion of a melanocytic nevus, and this is commonly associated with an epidermal cyst. There have been rare reported cases of adnexal origin. The combination of nevus and cyst could possibly be misdiagnosed clinically as a malignant melanoma at initial examination. A 51-year-old woman presented with a painful, solitary, dome-shaped, erythemaous nodule on the forehead which had been present for several years. The histopathologic specimen of the nodule showed a solitary cyst with a melaocytic nevus. There were nevus cells without junctional activities in the upper dermis and melanin pigments in the upper dermal nevus nest. It contained lamellated keratin materials and vellus hair shafts. We report here a rare case of melanocytic nevus combined with an vellus hair cyst in a 51-year-old woman.

Therapeutic Effect of a Recombinant betaig-h3 Fragment-RGD Peptide for Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis

OBJECTIVE: betaig-h3 is a 68kDa extracellular matrix protein which is overexpressed in synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous results proved that betaig-h3 fragments are relevant to adhesion and migration of synovial fibroblast and angiogenesis through interaction with alphavbeta 3 integrin. We designed a recombinant betaig-h3 protein consisting of a fas-1 domain and RGD motif and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy in RA. METHODS: Inhibitory effect of adhesion and migration of NIH3T3 cell line was evaluated in 96 well microtiter and transwell plates coated with betaig-h3. Clinical arthritis index was evaluated after treating CIA mice with MFK12. Immunohistochemical staining in synovial tissues were performed. Expression of transcripts and proteins of inflammatory mediators were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. RESULTS: Recombinant protein consisted of 4th fas-1 domain truncated for H1 and H2 sequences and RGD peptide (MFK12), had M.W. of 10.4kDa. betaig-h3 mediated adhesion and migration of NIH3T3 cell line were significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Arthritis severity and incidence were efficiently reduced when CIA mice were treated with MFK12 at 30 mg/kg/day compared with the control. Immunohistochemical staining of joint tissues in MFK12 treated mice exhibited reduced angiogenesis. In treated mice, expression of transcripts regarding inflammatory mediators was markedly suppressed and immunoblotting of ICAM-1 and RANKL from whole extract of hind paws also showed a significant reduction. CONCLUSION: This study shows that MFK12 is effective in treating RA, although further study is warranted to improve the therapeutic efficacy.

The effectiveness of a single preoperative dose of misoprostol during laparoscopic myomectomy / 대한산부인과내시경학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of single preoperative dose of misoprostol to reduce intraoperative hemorrhage during laparoscopic myomectomy. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 148 patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy in Gangnam CHA Medical Center between January 2007 and December 2009 by single surgeon. Among them, 46 patients used preoperative transrectal misoprostol. One hundred two patients underwent laparoscopic myomectomy in conventional method without any preoperative agents. RESULTS: The two groups were similar in baseline characteristics. There was no significant difference in mean blood loss (misoprostol group: 203.3+/-181.8 mL vs. no agent group: 207.7+/-144.5 mL), operation time (misoprostol group: 113.3+/-28.2 min vs. no agent group: 113.4+/-31.5 min), and hemoglobin change (misoprostol group: 2.0+/-1.0 g/dL vs. no agent group: 1.9+/-1.0 g/dL). Two patients needed transfusion in misoprostol group whereas none in control group, but there was no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: A single preoperative dose of transrectal misoprostol cannot reduce bleeding during laparoscopic myomectomy.

The effectiveness of levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system in the treatment of endometrial hyperplasia in Korean women / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: Levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) has been shown to treat patients with non-atypical & atypical endometrial hyperplasia (EH) successfully in many western studies. Our purpose was to examine the effectiveness of LNG-IUS in the treatment of Korean women with EH. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study of 12 women diagnosed with EH and treated with LNG-IUS insertion between February 2007 and August 2009 at the Department of Gynecology of Gangnam CHA Hospital, CHA University School of Medicine. Baseline endometrial biopsies were done before insertion of LNG-IUS, and outpatient follow-up endometrial biopsies were undertaken at 3-month intervals after insertion of LNG-IUS. We investigated the regression rate and the time to regression. RESULTS: Four patients had simple hyperplasia without atypia, 7 patients complex hyperplasia without atypia, and just 1 patient complex atypical hyperplasia. Complete regression of EH was achieved in all cases (100%, 12/12), with the significant proportion (66%, 8/12) achieving it within 3 months. The mean duration to regression was 4.5 months. All cases had regression within 9 months. In the case of complex atypical hyperplasia, the regression was attained at the 9th month after insertion of LNG-IUS. The mean follow-up duration was 12 months (range, 3 to 27 months). As long as LNG-IUS was maintained, the EH did not recur. CONCLUSION: LNG-IUS appears to be as highly effective in treating Korean women with EH.

The rate and etiologies of second trimester fetal loss in twin pregnancies / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the rate and etiologies of second trimester pregnancy loss in monochorionic (MC) or dichorionic (DC) twins, and natural or assisted reproductive technology (ART) twins. METHODS: Between January 1997 and December 2008, there were 146 cases of second trimester twin pregnancy losses (between 12 and 24 weeks gestation) from 2,467 twin pregnancies. They were divided into four groups according to chorionicity and fertilization. Chorionicity was established by ultrasound at early gestation and confirmed by histologic examination after delivery. From a total of 2,467 twin deliveries, 392 MC, 2058 DC, and 17 unknown chorionicity were observed. Fertilization methods were classified as 736 natural, 1,590 ART, and 141 unknown conceptions. The pregnancy loss rate and possible mechanisms were compared in each group. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 43 MC, 86 DC, and 17 unknown chorionicities and 45 natural, 78 ART, and 23 unknown fertilizations. Total twin pregnancy loss rate was 5.9% (146/2,467), with 11.0% (43/392) and 4.2% (86/2,058) for MC twin group and DC twin group, respectively. Likewise, it was 6.1% (45/736) and 4.9% (78/1,590) for natural twin group and ART twin group. The most common cause was intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) in 22 (51.2%) in MC twin group and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in 40 (46.5%) in DC twin group, followed by preterm labor (PTL) in 37 (43%). In natural pregnancy, IUFD was the most common etiology in 20 (44.5%) and for ART twin group, it was PTL in 35 (44.9%). CONCLUSION: Twin pregnancy loss rate was higher in MC twin group compared with DC twin group in the second trimester. MC twin group had a higher incidence of IUFD as a cause of second trimester pregnancy loss. The etiologies in DC twin group were PPROM and PTL. It is suggested that antenatal care in twin pregnancy should be explored for preventing fetal loss and promoting neonatal well-being.

Integrated Test for Screening in Down Syndrome as a Predictor of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

PURPOSE: To assess the value of first-trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), nuchal translucency (NT) and second-trimester alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and inhibin-A in predicting pregnancy complications other than fetal aneuploidy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study in 3,121 singleton pregnancies with integrated testing was performed at Kangnam CHA hospital between January 2005 and December 2006. Baseline characteristics, pregnancy outcomes, and serum marker levels were obtained by review of the medical records. We analyzed the data to identify associations between the integrated screening markers and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS program. RESULTS: In preterm labor and preeclampsia, high AFP, hCG, and inhibin-A levels and low PAPP-A and NT levels were found to be significantly correlated (P<0.05). Elevated second-trimester inhibin- A levels were associated with preeclampsia (odds ratio 2.843), low birth weight (odds ratio 1.446), and preterm labor (odds ratio 1.287), and while decreased first-trimester PAPP-A levels were associated with preeclampsia (odds ratio 0.51) and preterm labor (odds ratio 0.75). CONCLUSION: First- and second-trimester maternal serum markers screening can be used for predicting high-risk pregnancies.

The Efficacy and Safety of Inflatable Obstetric Belts for Management of the Second Stage of Labor

This study was designed to assess the effect of inflatable obstetric belts on uterine fundal pressure in the management of the second stage of labor. One hundred twenty-three nulliparas with a singleton cephalic pregnancy at term were randomized. Standard care was performed in the control group, and uterine fundal pressure by the Labor Assister(TM) (Baidy M-420/Curexo, Inc., Seoul, Korea) was utilized in addition to standard care in the active group. The Labor Assister(TM) is an inflatable obstetric belts that synchronized to apply uniform fundal pressure during a uterine contraction. The 62 women in the active group spent less time in the second stage of labor when compared to the 61 women in the control group (41.55+/-30.39 min vs. 62.11+/-35.99 min). There was no significant difference in perinatal outcomes between the two groups. In conclusion, the uterine fundal pressure exerted by the Labor Assistertrade mark reduces the duration of the second stage of labor without attendant complications.

Three Cases of Separation of Symphysis Pubis during Vaginal Delivery / 대한주산의학회잡지

Spontaneous separation of symphysis pubis during vaginal delivery is reported to be a rare complication with the incidence ranging from 1:521 to 1:30,000 deliveries. This injury is associated with sharp pain, swelling, tenderness over the symphysis pubis, and difficult in walking. Diagnosis of spontaneous separation of the symphysis is mostly based on clinical findings and confirmed radiographically. Complete recovery might be achieved after conservative treatment and the prognosis is excellent. We have experienced three cases of separation of the symphysisis during vaginal delivery, so we present these cases with a brief review of the literature.

Rapid prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome and Edward syndrome by fluorescence In situ hybridization:Clinical experience with 309 cases

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of rapid detection of Down syndrome and Edward syndrome by Interphase Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis METHODS: A retrospective study in 309 cases of amniotic fluid samples, analysed by interphase FISH with DNA probes specific to chromosome 18 and 21, was performed. All FISH results were compared with conventional cytogenetic karyotypings. RESULTS: The results were considered as informative and they were obtained within 48 hrs. A case of Down syndrome and a case of Edward syndrome were diagnosed by FISH and confirmed by subsequent cytogenetic analysis. In 12 cases with normal FISH results, the cytogenetic analysis showed a case of partial trisomy 22, three cases of sex chromosomal aneuploidy, two cases of mosaicism, two cases of microdeletion, and four cases of structural rearrangement. CONCLUSION: FISH is a rapid and effective diagnostic method, which can be used as an adjunctive test to cytogenetic analysis, for prenatal identification of chromosome aneuploidies. For the more genome- wide screening with variety of probes, the technique of FISH is both expensive and labor-intensive.

Prenatal Diagnosis and Clinical Outcome of Fetal Ovarian Cysts / 대한주산의학회잡지

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ultrasonographic finding and clinical course of fetal ovarian cysts. METHODS:A retrospective study of 11 cases of fetal ovarian cysts, evaluated by prenatal and postnatal ultrasonographic studies was conducted. We analyzed the demographic factors, the ultrasonographic findings, the change of ultrasonographic parameters, the mode of delivery, the management of ovarian cysts and pathologic finding. RESULTS:In all cases, fetal ovarian cysts were unilateral simple cysts at the time of diagnosis. The mean sizes of the ovarian cysts were 29.7 mm on prenatal and 19.8 mm on postnatal studies. In four of the 11 cases, the ultrasonographic patterns of cysts changed from simple to complicated cysts on serial monitorng, and one of them required postnatal surgery. Ten of 11 cases were spontaneously resolved during perinatal follow-up ultrasound. CONCLUSION:We recommend continuous ultrasonographic assessment of antenatally diagnosed ovarian cysts, which is helpful to predict the outcome of cysts and decide on the management.

ACase of the Patau Syndrome Diagnosed in Second Trimester / 대한주산의학회잡지

Patau syndrome is trisomy 13, one of the most common autosomal aberration associated with multiple congenital anomalies. Because trisomy 13 is generally associated with severe congenital anomalies and postpartum poor prognosis, antenatal diagnosis through antenatal ultra-sonogram and triple screening marker is very important. We present one case of trisomy 13 with abnormal ultrasound finding, holoprosencephaly, microcephaly, cleft lip and palate. And confirmed chromosomally with pregnancy termination.