Radiologic Findings of Polyacrylamide Gel Mammoplasty and Its Complications:A Report of Four Case Series and Review of Literature

Polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) has been used for augmentation mammoplasty in certain countries, such as China or Eastern European countries. However, owing to various complications, its use is currently banned in most countries. Nevertheless, because of the migratory stream of female from these countries, we also encounter patients with PAAG mammoplasty in Korea. Owing to the various imaging features of PAAG mammoplasty, it may interfere with the identification of malignancy or other pathologic conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the imaging findings related to PAAG mammoplasty. However, there is limited literature on the radiologic findings of complications related to PAAG mammoplasty in Korea. Herein we report four cases of PAAG mammoplasty, the complications faced, and depict various radiologic features through multimodality imaging.

Idiopathic Primary Necrotizing Fasciitis of the Breast: A Case Report

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a life-threatening infection characterized by extensive necrosis and inflammation of subcutaneous tissue and the fascia. Only a few cases of NF in the breast have been reported, and imaging findings of primary breast NF have not been described in the literature. As primary NF in the breast is extremely rare, it can be misdiagnosed as an abscess or cellulitis, and its diagnosis may be delayed. However, early diagnosis is crucial because delays can lead to fatal sepsis or requirement for total mastectomy. Herein, the authors report a rare case of primary breast NF that was diagnosed early using enhanced breast CT and successfully managed with local debridement. CT revealed a large cystic mass with an air-fluid level, a thickened deep fascia without remarkable enhancement, and extensive subcutaneous emphysema with subcutaneous fat infiltrations in the right breast.

MRI Findings of Intercostal Schwannoma: A Case Report

Intercostal schwannomas are uncommon, encapsulated neoplasms that originate in nerve sheaths of intercostal nerves. They account for less than 10% of primary neural tumors of the chest wall. Herein, we report a pathologically confirmed case of intercostal schwannoma with typical magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of Duodenal Bulb Mimicking Subepithelial Tumor on Computed Tomography: A Case Report

Adenosquamous carcinomas of the duodenum are extremely rare neoplasms in which both glandular and squamous elements demonstrate malignant characteristics. Few cases of adenosquamous carcinoma involving the second or third segment of the duodenum have been reported in the literature. Herein, we report the first case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the bulb of the duodenum that mimicked subepithelial tumor on computed tomography in a 59-year-old man.

Primary Epiploic Appendagitis in Children: Report of Two Cases

Primary epiploic appendagitis (PEA) is a condition that results from spontaneous torsion, ischemia, or inflammation of an epiploic appendage. This condition is manifested by localized abdominal pain and tenderness, which is often mistaken for diverticulitis or appendicitis in the adult population. PEA is a self-limiting disease, and differential diagnosis with surgical condition is important in order to prevent unnecessary surgery. Although it is commonly reported in adults, it is rarely reported in the pediatric population. We report on the radiologic findings of two cases of PEA in a 12- and a 17-year-old boy, focusing on sonographic findings.

Percutaneous Excision of a Benign Breast Mass Using Ultrasound-guided, Vacuum-assisted Core Biopsy: A Review of 197 Cases with Long Term Follow-up

PURPOSE: To assess long term results of excising benign masses using ultrasound (US)-guided, vacuum-assisted core biopsy (Mammotome). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 163 patients (197 masses) receiving USguided excision using vacuum-assisted core biopsy and follow-up sonography in this retrospective study. The masses were category 3 as determined by ultrasound imaging according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) (n=145) or pathologically confirmed as benign masses by a previous core-needle biopsy although category 4a and 4b (n = 52). Pathology, the presence of hematoma and residual tissue, as well as scar formation were assessed. RESULTS: We diagnosed 190 (96.5%) benign masses, 4 (2.0%) malignant masses, and 3 (1.5%) high-risk lesions. Most (176 masses, 91.2%) were excised completely as demonstrated by the follow-up ultrasound examination. Scar changes were minimal (68.7%) or moderate (31.3%), with regression in 53%. CONCLUSION: US-guided excision using vacuum-assisted core biopsy is effective for the removal of benign breast masses. The majority of scars are minimal, with good cosmetic effect. However, subsequent excision should be done for malignant masses or phyllodes tumor because radiologic absence does not guarantee complete removal.

The Effect of Myocardial Infarction on the Reproductive Function in Adult Male Rats / 체질인류학회지

The present study was to investigate in more detail the changes of reproductive function in the male rat following myocardial infarction (MI). Ligation of the left coronary artery was performed in male Sprague-Dawley male rats at 60 days of age. Control rats were obtained sham-operated animals. MI rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 30 day after ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery. Control rats were sacrificed on 30 day after thoracotomy. Myocardial infarct size was assessed by planimetry and perimetry. Testes of rats were fixed by whole body perfusion using a fixative containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde in cacodylate buffer, processed and embedded in Epon-araldite. Using 1 micro sections stained with methylene blue-azure II, qualitative and quantitative (stereological) morphological studies were performed. Testosterone levels in the incubation medium of luteinizing hormone-stimulated (100 ng/mL) testosterone secretion per testis in vitro, and in serum were determined by radioimmunoassay. Sperm production was measured by routine technique. Mean infarct size was 29.5~33.5% of the left ventricle after coronary occlusion in experimental groups. No changes were observed in testis volume, absolute volume of Leydig cell, Leydig cell size, and number of Leydig cell per testis in MI rats compared to sham-operated animals. Serum testosterone, LH-stimulated testicular testosterone production, and daily sperm production in MI rats were not significantly different (P>0.05) from sham-operated animals. These results demonstrate that under the experimental conditions employed here, experimental chronic myocardial infarction does not exert adverse effects on the reproductive function of male rats.

Breast Lesions with Discordant Results on Ultrasound-guided Core Needle Biopsy

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the characteristics of those lesions showing insufficient results on ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the pathologic results of 131 lesions from patients who underwent ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy following Mammotome or surgical excisional biopsy from January 2004 to December 2004. RESULTS: Compared with excisional biopsy, ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy showed 14 lesions with discordant results and 9 lesions with indeterminate results. 5 lesions were overestimated and 9 lesions were underestimated on the core needle biopsies. According to the histological tumor types, the papillary tumors showed 66.6% discordance or indetermination, and the phyllodes tumors showed 50% discordance or indetermination. CONCLUSION: On the results of core needle biopsy, discordant or indeterminate results were frequently reported for papillary and phyllodes tumor. Therefore, excisional biopsy is recommended for these types of tumor.

Intracardiac Foreign Body Formation from Bone Cement Material Following Total Hip Replacement: A Case Report

A linear intracardiac foreign body was identified following a total hip replacement (THR) on chest CT and transesophageal echocardiography in a 60-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis. Leakage and migration of bone cement during arthroplasty is a possible explanation for this rare complication. Therefore, adequate preparation and handling of cement using biplane fluoroscopy are recommended during arthroplasty.