Immunohistochemical Expression of p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 Proteins in Traditional Serrated Adenomas of Colon / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Serrated adenomas of the colon show mixed characteristics of both hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. Serrated adenomas are known to progress via the serrated pathway than the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of traditional serrated adenomas compared to hyperplastic polyps and tubular adenomas by using immunohistochemical staining for p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67. METHODS: Age, sex, location, size and the immunoexpression of p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 were retrospectively analyzed in 20 traditional serrated adenomas, 20 hyperplastic polyps, and 20 tubular adenomas from January 2007 to December 2012 at The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital. RESULTS: There was no difference in Bcl-2 and p53 expression between traditional serrated adenomas and hyperplastic polyps. Ki-67 Expression of traditional serrated adenomas was higher than that of hyperplastic polyps (p=0.001). Ki-67 and p53 expression was similar between traditional serrated and tubular adenomas. Bcl-2 expression of traditional serrated adenomas was lower than that of tubular adenomas (p=0.001). Regarding the expression of p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 in traditional serrated adenomas, there were no statistical differences among age, sex, location, and size. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that Ki-67 may be helpful in distinguishing traditional serrated adenomas from hyperplastic polyps, and p53 expression may be ineffective in distinguishing between traditional serrated and tubular adenomas. From Bcl-2 expression, it is suggested that the tumorigenesis of traditional serrated adenomas is lower than that of tubular adenomas.

Immunohistochemical Expression of p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 Proteins in Traditional Serrated Adenomas of Colon / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Serrated adenomas of the colon show mixed characteristics of both hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. Serrated adenomas are known to progress via the serrated pathway than the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of traditional serrated adenomas compared to hyperplastic polyps and tubular adenomas by using immunohistochemical staining for p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67. METHODS: Age, sex, location, size and the immunoexpression of p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 were retrospectively analyzed in 20 traditional serrated adenomas, 20 hyperplastic polyps, and 20 tubular adenomas from January 2007 to December 2012 at The Catholic University of Korea, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital. RESULTS: There was no difference in Bcl-2 and p53 expression between traditional serrated adenomas and hyperplastic polyps. Ki-67 Expression of traditional serrated adenomas was higher than that of hyperplastic polyps (p=0.001). Ki-67 and p53 expression was similar between traditional serrated and tubular adenomas. Bcl-2 expression of traditional serrated adenomas was lower than that of tubular adenomas (p=0.001). Regarding the expression of p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 in traditional serrated adenomas, there were no statistical differences among age, sex, location, and size. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that Ki-67 may be helpful in distinguishing traditional serrated adenomas from hyperplastic polyps, and p53 expression may be ineffective in distinguishing between traditional serrated and tubular adenomas. From Bcl-2 expression, it is suggested that the tumorigenesis of traditional serrated adenomas is lower than that of tubular adenomas.

A Case of Phlebosclerotic Colitis in a Hemodialysis Patient / 대한소화기학회지

Phlebosclerotic colitis is a rare disease of intestinal ischemia caused by calcified peripheral mesenteric veins and a thickened colonic wall, differentiating it from the typical ischemic colitis. A 68-year-old man who was undergoing hemodialysis presented with hematochezia and abdominal pain. Colonoscopic findings showed typical dark purple-colored edematous mucosa. Linear calcifications in the colon were noted on both a plain abdominal radiolography and abdominal computer tomography. These findings suggested that the patient suffered from phlebosclerotic colitis. Following bowel rest and fluid therapy, there was full recovery. We herein report a rare case of phlebosclerotic colitis in a hemodialysis patient and include a review of the relevant literature.

Local Recurrence of EGC after ESD / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Endoscopic mucosal resection is not accepted as an alternative to surgery for treating EGC of the undifferentiated histologic type because of the relatively higher probability of lymph node metastasis with the endoscopic procedure. The recently developed endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) techniques have made en-bloc resection of large intramucosal or ulcerated lesions feasible, but the procedure's therapeutic indications are limited to EGC without lymph node metastasis. If we could define a subgroup of patients who have undifferentiated EGC with a low-risk of lymph node metastasis, then the application of ESD would be possible instead of surgery. ESD also allows precise histologic assessment of resected specimens and it may prevent residual disease and local recurrence. We report on a case that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was curatively removed by ESD, but cancer recurrence was detected in the lamina propria of the post ESD scar without lymph node metastasis or intraluminal lesions three years after the ESD.

Colonoscopic Perforation During a Diagnostic Colonoscopy / 대한소화기내시경학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Colonoscopy is a useful method for detecting colorectal disease, but complications are on the rise due to the increasing number of colonoscopies. The aim of this study was to analyze colon perforations following diagnostic colonoscopies. METHODS: We performed retrospective reviews of all patients with colonoscopic perforations between January 2000 and June 2010. RESULTS: Of 25,883 diagnostic colonoscopies performed, seven cases of colon perforations were reported. Among those, five cases had an abdominal operation history; the site of perforation was the sigmoid colon in three cases and the rectum in four cases. The manipulation type was forward viewing in three cases and retroflexion in four cases. The time to diagnosis was immediate in six cases and delayed in one case, and treatment was conservative management in three cases and surgical management in four cases. CONCLUSIONS: Special attention is required for patients with a previous abdominal operation and retroflexion. Even after perforations occur, favorable outcomes can be obtained by conservative treatment if the patient's condition is stable, the bowel preparation is proper, and there are no signs of peritonitis.

A RETROSPECTIVE CLINICAL STUDY OF PERIAPICALLY INFECTED TEETH TREATED WITH PERIAPICAL SURGERY

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: Case report

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is transformed at the incidence of 1-20% in pleomorphic adenoma and frequently recurred. It accounts for 10% of all malignant salivary tumors and its average age of occurrence is 60s. It will present in a large, long-standing pleomorphic adenoma or in one that was previously treated but has recurred. According to cell composition in malignant cell carcinoma, and clear cell adenocarcinoma. Most (75%) occur in parotid gland, while about 20% occur in the minor gland of the oral mucosa. The metastasis rate to regional lymph node is about 25%, and to distant organs about 33% and the 5-year survival rates are 40%. Though the treatment of the carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is not established, it is treated ideally with and extensive resection, neck dissection, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. When occurred in parotid gland, facial paralysis is reported. With a review of literatures, we report a case of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma which operated with total parotidectomy and supraomohyoid neck dissection.

A case of adrenocortical adenoma with primary hyperaldosteronism and subclinical Cushing's syndrome / 대한내과학회지

Cases of combined primary hyperaldosteronism and subclinical Cushing's syndrome are extremely rare. We identified a left adrenocortical tumor in a 41-year-old woman by computed tomography (CT) during an evaluation for hypokalemia and hypertension. Hormonal assessment demonstrated normal aldosterone concentrations, low plasma renin activity, an increased aldosterone/renin ratio, and normal serum cortisol levels. Selective adrenal venous sampling for the determination of aldosterone concentrations showed an overfunctioning left adrenal gland. Dexamethasone (overnight 1mg, 2 mg, 8 mg) suppression tests showed insuppressible cortisol. We diagnosed the patient as having an aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma associated with subclinical Cushing's syndrome.

Current and Future of Spinal Robot Surgery

OBJECTIVE: To review the current applications of robotics in spinal surgery. METHODS: We reviewed the literature on robotic surgery identified by searching Pubmed. Articles reporting clinical results of robotic surgeries using the da Vinci surgical system(R) were analyzed. Descriptions of our trials and comparisons with the conventional techniques were added to the review. RESULTS: Several surgical robots have been developed however, most of the robots are currently unavailable for practical use. Most of publications regarding spinal surgical robots merely suggested its feasibility. The da vinci surgical system(R) is the popular robotic system designed for use in various surgical fields. However, clinical applications of this innovative instrument in spinal surgery seem to be in the experimental phase. According to our research, the advantages of robotic surgery using the da Vinci surgical system(R) were maximized in cases of paravertebral or presacral tumors however, its use in other types of spinal surgeries such as the transoral craniovertebral junction approach andanterior lumbar interbody fusion will be feasible in the near future despite the current limitations. CONCLUSION: Clinical application of robotic surgery in the spinal surgical field is currently confined to the treatment of some specific diseases or procedures however, robotic surgery is expected to play a practical future role as a minimally invasive surgical instrument in spinal surgery.

A Case of a Gastric Composite Tumor with an Adenocarcinoma and a Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma / 대한소화기내시경학회지

A 55 year-old man was admitted with epigastric pain of one-month duration. We performed an esophagogastroduodenoscopy that showed the presence of a 3 cm sized polypoid mass at the lesser curvature side of the antrum. A biopsy demonstrated the presence of a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the stomach. A subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was performed and the microscopic features of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of a composite large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with an adenocarcinoma of the stomach. A gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma is extremely rare and a composite neuroendocrine carcinoma with an adenocarcinoma of the stomach has been rarely reported. We report a case of a gastric composite tumor with an adenocarcinoma and a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.

A Case of Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Crohn's Disease / 결핵및호흡기질환

Crohn's disease, a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a chronic inflammatory condition that is characterized by microvascular and macrovascular involvement. Some extraintestinal complications can occur due to chronic systemic inflammation in IBD. Among them, a pulmonary thromboembolism is a rare manifestation of IBD but is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. To our best of knowledge, there is only one case report of a pulmonary thromboembolism as a complication of Crohn's disease in Korea. We present another rare case of pulmonary thromboembolism as complication in a 25-year-old man with underlying Crohn's disease.

Fatal Neutropenic Enterocolitis during Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Combination Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

It is known that neutropenia caused by combination pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is well tolerated and carries a negligible risk of infection. Neutropenic enterocolitis is encountered most frequently in patients with hemato-oncologic diseases who are undergoing intensive chemotherapy. However, little information exists regarding this life-threatening event in the setting of HCV therapy. We present here an unusual case of fatal neutropenic enterocolitis in a cirrhotic patient receiving combination therapy for HCV infection. This is the first report of a death from neutropenic enterocolitis associated with treatment for chronic HCV infection. The present case suggests that caution should be exercised when continuing HCV therapy in neutropenic patients with advanced fibrosis, and the decision to maintain such therapy should be balanced against the potential for serious adverse events.