Low Expression of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in Bladder Cancer: Novel Potential Indicators of Muscular Invasion

Purpose@#Eph receptors are differentially expressed in numerous malignant tumors. This study intended to analyze the roles of EphB receptors (EphB2, B3, and B4) in urinary bladder cancer. @*Materials and Methods@#Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the expression patterns of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in 154 bladder cancer specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted examining the extent of stained cells and staining intensity. EphB was considered to be highly expressed when the intensity of staining was more than moderate in >25% of cells in the tissue section. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down EphB expression in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637) to determine the effects of EphB on tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration. @*Results@#EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) were detected in 40.9% (EphB2, 63/154), 71.4% (EphB3, 110/154), and 53.2% (EphB4, 82/154) of bladder cancer specimens. Low expression of EphB2, B3, and B4 receptors were significantly associated with higher tumor grade (EphB2, p<0.001; EphB3, p=0.032; EphB4, p<0.001) and muscular invasion (EphB2, p=0.002; EphB3, p=0.009; EphB4, p<0.001). No obvious correlation was observed with other clinicopathological variables, such as age, sex, recurrence, lymph node involvement, metastasis, and overall survival. Inactivation of EphB receptors by siRNA transfection increased cell viability, tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration in comparison with untransfected cancer cells. @*Conclusion@#Low expression of EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) can be a predictive marker for muscular invasion of bladder cancer.

Low Expression of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in Bladder Cancer: Novel Potential Indicators of Muscular Invasion

Purpose@#Eph receptors are differentially expressed in numerous malignant tumors. This study intended to analyze the roles of EphB receptors (EphB2, B3, and B4) in urinary bladder cancer. @*Materials and Methods@#Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical analysis was used to investigate the expression patterns of EphB2, EphB3, and EphB4 in 154 bladder cancer specimens. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted examining the extent of stained cells and staining intensity. EphB was considered to be highly expressed when the intensity of staining was more than moderate in >25% of cells in the tissue section. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knock down EphB expression in bladder cancer cell lines (T24, 5637) to determine the effects of EphB on tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration. @*Results@#EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) were detected in 40.9% (EphB2, 63/154), 71.4% (EphB3, 110/154), and 53.2% (EphB4, 82/154) of bladder cancer specimens. Low expression of EphB2, B3, and B4 receptors were significantly associated with higher tumor grade (EphB2, p<0.001; EphB3, p=0.032; EphB4, p<0.001) and muscular invasion (EphB2, p=0.002; EphB3, p=0.009; EphB4, p<0.001). No obvious correlation was observed with other clinicopathological variables, such as age, sex, recurrence, lymph node involvement, metastasis, and overall survival. Inactivation of EphB receptors by siRNA transfection increased cell viability, tumor cell invasion, proliferation, and migration in comparison with untransfected cancer cells. @*Conclusion@#Low expression of EphB receptors (B2, B3, and B4) can be a predictive marker for muscular invasion of bladder cancer.

Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (adenoma malignum) of the uterine cervix: clinicopathological analysis of 17 cases

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma (MDA) and to analyze its prognostic factors. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 17 patients who were diagnosed with MDA at a single institution between January 2005 and December 2015. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 47.7 years (33–75 years). MDA was diagnosed in 7 patients (41.2%) before performing definitive surgery. Stage IB disease was diagnosed in 12 patients (70.6%) and advanced stage disease (stage II: 3, stage III: 2) in 5. MDA was incidentally diagnosed following hysterectomy for benign conditions in 6 patients. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 13 patients (76.5%). During median follow-up over 33.6 months (7–99 months), 11 patients (64.7%) showed no evidence of disease, 6 (35.3%) showed persistent or recurrent disease and 5 died of the disease. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome was not suspected in any patient, and no mutation was detected in the 3 patients who underwent genetic testing. Univariate analysis showed that advanced stage disease (P=0.016) and lymphovascular space invasion (P=0.002) demonstrated a statistically significant association with poor overall survival (OS) rates. Advanced stage disease continued to show a significant association with poor OS rates (hazard ratio, 2.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.097–7.746; P=0.032) even after multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis is important to manage MDA. Clinicians should consider MDA among the differential diagnoses in patients with a suspicious clinical presentation even with negative cervical screening tests.

Metastatic Thyroid Gland Tumor Presenting as an Initial Manifestation of Recurrent Uterine Cervical Cancer / 대한내과학회지

Most patients with recurrent uterine cervical cancer have intra-pelvis metastasis with adjacent lymph node involvement, while a lone, distant metastasis is extremely rare. We report a 79-year-old woman with recurrent uterine cervical cancer that presented as thyroid mass with no intra-pelvic recurrence. Four years earlier, the patient had been diagnosed with uterine cervical cancer. She had undergone a course of concurrent chemoradiotherapy to the pelvis and had no subsequent evidence of recurrence. Several weeks before presenting, she had noticed a foreign body sensation in her throat and a palpable mass in the left side of her neck. Clinically, this was metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from the uterine cervix. Patients who present with swelling or palpable nodules in the neck with a previously diagnosed malignancy must be evaluated for metastatic disease, although metastasis from uterine cervical carcinoma to the thyroid gland is rare.

Clinical Analysis of Elderly Thyroid Cancer Patients Following Thyroidect / 대한내분비외과학회지

PURPOSE: This study analyzes the clinical characteristics of thyroid cancer patients over 70 years of age following thyroidectomy. We identified the differences among previous studies and investigated the significance of thyroidectomy for elderly thyroid cancer patients. METHODS: Information was abstracted from the charts of fifty-six patients treated during the period of Jan. 1995 to Dec. 2015. The abstraction included gender, age, surgical method, location with size of the main lesion, extent of lymph node metastasis, pathological features, gene mutation, complication, stage and most recent visit. RESULTS: Our study showed a frequent occurrence (96.4% of the study group) of papillary thyroid cancers in elderly patients. There were three cases of postoperative complications. None had recurrence, and there was only one death due to complications of pneumonia. There were 11 advanced cases of cancer stage IV. CONCLUSION: Previous studies show that postoperative prognosis of elderly thyroid cancer patients is favorable. Average life expectancy is rising in South Korea, and therefore, the number of elderly thyroid cancer patients is increasing. Our study is meaningful in that it confirms the results of previous studies by surveying elderly patients over a 20 year period. It is deemed necessary that thyroidectomy be performed on elderly patients.

Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma with Ductal Plate Malformation-like Feature Associated with Bile Duct Adenoma

No abstract available.

Eosinophilic Infiltration in the Liver: Unusual Manifestation of Hepatic Segmental Involvement

Eosinophilic infiltration in the liver is not a rare disease and it is usually presented as multiple, small, ill defined, oval or round, low attenuated lesions on portal phase of computed tomography. We reported case of hepatic eosinophilic infiltration in the liver, as an unusual manifestation of segmental involvement.

A Case of Ovarian Microinvasive Mucinous Carcinoma and Co-existent Angiosarcoma

Primary ovarian angiosarcoma is very rare with only 27 cases reported so far in the medical literature. We report here on a rare case of ovarian microinvasive mucinous carcinoma that was coexistent with angiosarcoma in a 54-year-old woman. The tumor was a 26x19x10 cm-sized multilocular cystic mass with a 4x3 cm-sized solid hematoma-like nodule in the center. Microscopically, it was composed mostly of mucinous tumor of various grades from borderline to microinvasive carcinoma. The hematoma-like area turned out to be an angiosarcoma, composed of pleomorphic cells that formed slit-like spaces, spindle cells that formed short fascicles and anastomosing vascular channels with atypical endothelial cells. All these cells were positive for CD31, CD34 and factor VIII-related antigen. The patient developed peritoneal and pleural metastases, which were angiosarcoma and mucinous carcinoma, respectively. We believe this case is only the fourth example of an ovarian collision tumor of angiosarcoma and surface epithelial tumor.

A Case of Vascular Leiomyoma of the Tongue / 대한이비인후과학회지

Leiomyoma is the most common benign neoplasm of the uterus and gastrointestinal tract, but it is rare in the oral cavity. Also, its occurrence in the tongue is very rare because there is so little smooth muscle tissue present in this region. Clinically, oral leiomyoma usually grows slowly and is generally a non-ulcerated, small (1 to 2 cm), painless, sessile, firm and superficial nodule like lesion, although several authors have reported painful lesions. The diagnosis and treatment of oral leiomyoma is possible with complete surgical excision and histological studies by special stains. Recently, we experienced a 42-year-old woman with 6 month history of protruding tongue mass. She underwent surgical excision and the final pathological result confirmed it to be vascular leiomyoma. We report this case with a review of the related literatures.

The Loss of E-cadherin is Associated with the Epigenetic Alteration of CDH1 in Breast Cancer and it is also Associated with an Abnormal beta-catenin Expression in Lobular Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: APC and E-cadherin are the key molecules in the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. We attempted to define the epigenetic alteration of APC and CDH1 (the E-cadherin gene) and the expression of Wnt-related molecules in human mammary carcinomas. METHODS: Sixty-four mammary carcinomas, including 52 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) and 12 invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs), were evaluated using methylation-specific PCR and immunohistochemistry. We performed immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin, beta-catenin, APC, Wnt1, cyclin D1, ER, PR and C-erb B2. RESULTS: Hypermethylation of APC and CDH1 was observed in 38 (59%) and 28 (44%) cases, respectively. CDH1 hypermethylation in ILCs was increased compared to that in IDCs (p=0.002) and it was associated with the loss of E-cadherin (p=0.02) and beta-catenin (p=0.042). APC methylation was positively correlated with the ER expression (p=0.021). Abnormal cytoplasmic localization of beta-catenin was found in 10 cases and any expression was not detected in six cases. In ILCs, the E-cadherin or beta-catenin expression was markedly decreased compared to that in IDCs (p<0.001 in both). CONCLUSIONS: Methylation of APC or CDH1 was relatively frequent in mammary carcinomas. The loss of E-cadherin in mammary carcinoma was associated with CDH1 methylation, and abnormal beta-catenin expression was related to the loss of E-cadherin in ILC.

A Case Report of Intraductal Papilloma in a Young Female Patient with Bloody Nipple Discharge

Intraductal papillomas are the most common subtype of papillomas, which are benign neoplasms of the breast. An intraductal papilloma is usually found as a solitary mass which originates in the major duct of the breast. Intraductal papilloma cases are frequently presented as nipple discharge and most commonly occur in individuals between the ages of 30 and 55 years. Few reports exist regarding cases of intraductal papillomas in children. We report a case of an intraductal papilloma, with imaging findings, which occurred in the breast of an 11-year old girl and presented as bloody nipple discharge.