Concurrent Degenerative Cervical and Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective radiographic study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the characteristics of concurrent degenerative cervical and lumbar spondylolisthesis. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Concurrent degenerative cervical and lumbar spondylotic diseases have been reported. Given that severe spondylosis can result in spondylolisthesis, one might expect that concurrent spondylolisthesis of the cervical and lumbar spines might also be prevalent. However, the incidence of spondylolistheses in the lumbar and cervical spines might differ due to anatomical differences between the 2 areas. Nonetheless, there is minimal information in the literature concerning the incidence of concurrent cervical and lumbar spondylolisthesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated standing cervical and lumbar lateral radiographs of 2510 patients with spondylosis. Concurrence, age group, gender, and direction of spondylolisthesis were evaluated. Lumbar spondylolisthesis was defined as at least Meyerding grade I and degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis was defined as over 2 mm of displacement on standing lateral radiographs. RESULTS: Lumbar spondylolisthesis was found in 125 patients (5.0%) and cervical spondylolisthesis was found in 193 patients (7.7%). Seventeen patients had both degenerative cervical and lumbar spondylolistheses (0.7%). Lumbar spondylolisthesis is a risk factor for co-existing cervical spondylolisthesis. Lumbar spondylolisthesis was more common in females than males, independent of advancing age. In contrast, degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis was more common in older patients, independent of gender. Anterolisthesis was more common in the lumbar spine. Retrolisthesis was more common in the cervical spine. CONCLUSIONS: There was a higher prevalence of degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.

Concurrent Degenerative Cervical and Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

OBJECTIVES@#To evaluate the characteristics of concurrent degenerative cervical and lumbar spondylolisthesis.SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Concurrent degenerative cervical and lumbar spondylotic diseases have been reported. Given that severe spondylosis can result in spondylolisthesis, one might expect that concurrent spondylolisthesis of the cervical and lumbar spines might also be prevalent. However, the incidence of spondylolistheses in the lumbar and cervical spines might differ due to anatomical differences between the 2 areas. Nonetheless, there is minimal information in the literature concerning the incidence of concurrent cervical and lumbar spondylolisthesis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We evaluated standing cervical and lumbar lateral radiographs of 2510 patients with spondylosis. Concurrence, age group, gender, and direction of spondylolisthesis were evaluated. Lumbar spondylolisthesis was defined as at least Meyerding grade I and degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis was defined as over 2 mm of displacement on standing lateral radiographs.@*RESULTS@#Lumbar spondylolisthesis was found in 125 patients (5.0%) and cervical spondylolisthesis was found in 193 patients (7.7%). Seventeen patients had both degenerative cervical and lumbar spondylolistheses (0.7%). Lumbar spondylolisthesis is a risk factor for co-existing cervical spondylolisthesis. Lumbar spondylolisthesis was more common in females than males, independent of advancing age. In contrast, degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis was more common in older patients, independent of gender. Anterolisthesis was more common in the lumbar spine. Retrolisthesis was more common in the cervical spine.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There was a higher prevalence of degenerative cervical spondylolisthesis in patients with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis.

The Results of Spousal Donor Kidney Transplantation Via Exchange Donor Program and Direct Spousal Donor Kidney Transplantation in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation: Single Center Experience / 대한이식학회지

BACKGROUND: The shortage of living related and deceased donor groups is one of the major problems of kidney transplantation. We examined the results of spouse and spousal exchange among living kidney transplantation. METHODS: Living donor kidney transplants at a single center between 1991 and 2005 were studied, retrospectively (n=593). We compared the graft survival rates of 24 spousal, 53 spousal exchange transplantations with those of 125 sibling, 142 other living related donor (LRD) or 249 other living unrelated donor (LURD) procedures. We analyzed graft survival rate, acute rejection rate among each groups. RESULTS: The 5, 10 year graft survival rates of spousal donor were 75.0%, 69.2%, those of other LURD and spousal exchange were 74.6%, 64.5% (P=0.80) and 86.6%, 84.8% (P=0.11), those of sibling and other LRD were 82.3%, 75.9% (P=0.37) and 75.7%, 65.4% (P=0.84). Spousal exchange donor were more good graft survival rates rather than other LRD and LURD (P=0.01, 0.01). Acute rejection rates of spousal donor were not significant difference among sibling, other LRD and LURD groups. But acute rejection rates of spousal exchange donor (22.6%) were lower than spousal (45.8%) and other LURD (38.7%) (P=0.04, 0.04). In the multivariate analysis of donor groups, other LRD and LURD groups were associated with a high relative odds of graft survival (odds ratio 2.88+/-0.38 (P=0.02), 2.35+/-0.37 (P=0.01)) compared to spousal exchange donor groups. CONCLUSIONS: The spousal exchange donors had more good graft survival rates than other LRD and LURD groups and spousal donors were as good as other living donors. We expect that the spousal and spousal exchange transplantations are one of the good programs for donor pool expansion.

Cost and Effectiveness of Different Treatment Options for Renal Calculi Larger than 2cm / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The cost and effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), and combined therapy in the treatment of renal calculi larger than 2cm were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 122 patients with renal calculi larger than 2cm, including twenty three cases of staghorn calculi, were divided into two groups, the ESWL group (97 cases) and the PNL group (25 cases), according to the first line of treatment modalities. Each group was divided into two sub-groups according to the need for additional procedures. The stone free rate and duration of treatment of each group were examined. The costs were calculated per patient and based on the cumulative charge of the procedures, which included cost for in-patient care, and treatment of additional procedures and treated complications. RESULTS: In the ESWL group, eighty cases were treated with ESWL only and had a 69% stone free rate. Seventeen cases needed additional procedures including percutaneous nephrostomy, or ureteroscopic procedures, and had a stone free rate of only 41%. In the PNL group, six cases became stone free with PNL only. Nineteen cases required ESWL for residual fragments after PNL, and had a 90% stone free rate. The cumulative average cost per group was as follows: ESWL only, 1,593,260 won; ESWL with additional procedures, 2,130,475 won; PNL only, 1,654,760 won; and PNL with ESWL, 1,973,270 won. The average duration of treatment per group was 47, 112, 5.3 and 8.8 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PNL followed by ESWL, if necessary, is considered the most cost effective method of treating large renal calculi.

A Case of Wilms' Tumor Arising in Horseshoe Kidney / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Wilms' tumor is the most common renal malignancy in childhood. However Wilms' tumor originating in horseshoe kidney is rare. We present a case of Wilms' tumor arising from the isthmus of horseshoe kidney, and aim to highlight the problems faced in the diagnosis and management.

A case of Torsion of the Undescended Testis in the Infant / 대한비뇨기과학회지

No abstract available.

The Effects of Sexual Excitement Induced by Visual Erotic Stimulation on Serum Dopamine and Testosterone / 대한남성과학회지

PURPOSE: Male sexual desire and erection are directly or indirectly affected by hormone and neuroendocrine response. We investigate the changes of the serum dopamine and testosterone level by visual erotic stimulation-induced sexual excitement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The age of volunteers was ranged from 25 to 65 years, with an average of 45.5years. Serum were collected at rest and after visual erotic stimulation. Sexual excitement induced by erotic film for 30 minutes and erectile status was monitored by Rigiscan. The response of visual erotic stimulation were divided into three groups according to degree of sexual excitement. i.e. no response (Group I), mild excitement(Group II), excitement (Group III). RESULTS: Although some changes were observed in serum dopamine and testosterone level of all 32 patients after visual erotic stimulation, it did not showed statistically signigicant change (p=0.450, p=0.058). According to excitement response, group I and II were not showed statistically significant change in both dopamine and testosterone. Only dopamine of the group III was showed statistically change (dopamine: p=0.041, testosteron: p=0.257) CONCLUSIONS: In this study, serum testosterone level is not showed significant change irrespective of the degree of sexual excitement induced by visual erotic stimulation. However, serum dopamine was changed with statistically significance only in sexual excitement group.

Natural History of Unilateral Ureteropelvic Junciton Obstructed Kidney : Five Cases of High Grade Hydronephrosis

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of transthoracic fine needle aspiration cytology(TFNAC) in the preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, a retrospective analysis was carried out on a consecutive series of 200 TFNACs. They included 186 primary malignant tumors, 66 squamous cell carcinomas, 65 adenocarcinomas, 36 small cell carcinomas, 7 large cell carcinomas, 4 carcinoids, 8 others, 9 metastatic tumors, and 5 benign tumors. On cytohistologic correlation of malignant pulmonary tumors, the pro- cedure had a sensitivity of 97.3% and a specificity of 100%. A 86.6% correct correlation between the cytologic and histologic diagnoses was achieved. Five out of the 7 undifferentiated large cell carcinomas, 10 out of the 65 adenocarcinomas, 2 out of the 36 small cell carcinomas, and 2 out of the 66 squamous cell carcinomas were turned out to be mistyped in cytologic diagnosis. We concluded that TFNAC is a highly sensitive and specific preoperative diagnostic procedure in the investigation of patients with discrete pulmonary nodules in whom the specific cell type of the malignant neoplasm has important implications in treatment modality and prognosis.