A Case of Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis / 대한이비인후과학회지

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membrane and causing joint damage and bone destruction. The symptoms of cricoarytenoid joint (CJ) arthritis often include hoarseness, and a sense of pharyngeal fullness in the throat. Sometimes, in cases with bilateral CJ involvement, an urgent tracheostomy might be required for acute airway obstruction. In this report, we describe a 45-years-old man suffering from voice change and aspiration due to hampered adduction of the vocal fold that was caused by RA with bilateral CJ involvement. The medication treatment for RA was carried out and the patient retrieved her normal voice after one month.

A Case of Multifocal Multisite Warthin's Tumor / 대한이비인후과학회지

Warthin's tumor (Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum) is a slowly growing benign tumor. It is usually found in the parotid gland but sometimes in extraparotid locations such as periparotid lymph nodes and jugular lymph nodes. We here report the case of a 65-year-old male patient with multiple neck masses. The computed tomographic scan showed multiple masses in the left parotid gland, at the left mid-neck and right upper neck. We enucleated the intraparotid mass and excised multiple neck mass. The histopathologic examination revealed Warthin's tumor, which is multifocal and is found in multisites.

An Immunohistochemical Tracing on the Central Neural Pathways of the Spinal Accessory Nerve using Pseudorabies Virus / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The transsynaptic transfer of neurotropic viruses is an effective tool for tracing chains of connected neurons because the replication of virus in the recipient neurons after transfer amplifies the "tracer signal". The purpose of study was to identify the location of spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve and the central neural pathways using Bartha strain of Pseudorabies virus (PRV-Ba), as a transsynaptic tracer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PRV-Ba was injected into the sternocleidomastoid muscle of a rat, and the localization of PRV-Ba in the rat spinal cord and CNS was identified with light microscopic immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies against the PRV-Ba. RESULTS: Sequential tracing of retrogradely labeled cells was done. The shapes of positive immunoreactive cells were mostly ovoid or polygonal, and were shown in the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve, nucleus ambiguus, paraventricular nucleus, and the primary motor area of cerebral cortex. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed the location of spinal accessory nucleus and the central neural pathways of spinal accessory nerve using PRV-Ba.

An Immunohistochemical Tracing on the Central Neural Pathways An Immunohistochemical Tracing on the Central Neural Pathways / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The transsynaptic transfer of neurotropic viruses is an effective tool for tracing chains of connected neurons, because replication of virus in the recipient neurons after the transfer amplifies the "tracer signal". The aim of this study is to identify the central neural pathways projecting to the facial nerve using the Bartha strain of the Pseudorabies virus (PRV-Ba )as a transsynaptic tracer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PRV-Ba was injected into the facial nerve in the stylomastoid foramen of a rat, and was localized in the rat brain with light microscopic immunohistochemistry using primary antibodies against the PRV-Ba. Sequential tracing was carried out on the retrogradely labeled neurons were done. RESULTS: The shapes of upper motor neurons of facial nerve were mostly ovoid or polygonal. The positive immunoreactive cells observed in the brainstem nuclei included raphe obscurus nucleus, facial nucleus, parvocellular reticular nucleus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, ventral parabrachial nucleus, central gray, and dorsal raphe nucleus. Other positive cells stained in the diencephalon were found in periventricular hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal hypothalamic area, orbital gyri, and infralimbic cortex in the frontal lobe. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the central neural pathways of facial nerve using PRV-Ba.