Correlation of B-type Natriuretic Peptide Level with Hemodynamic Parameters and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Gram-negative Sepsis / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To study the correlation of B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP)level with hemodynamic parameters and inflammatory cytokines in patients with Gram-negative sepsis,and further determine the main factors for the significant increase of BNP level. Methods The prospective study method was applied,and septic patients infected with Gram-negative bacteria from May 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled.The patients were divided into the BNP<2400 ng/L group and the BNP≥2400 ng/L group by taking the average value of BNP as the dividing point.The independent predictors of BNP≥2400 ng/L were analyzed by Logistic regression.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between BNP and various indicators. Results A total of 106 patients with Gram-negative sepsis were included,among which 60 cases present with higher serum BNP levels than the average of(2398.45 ± 421.45)ng/L.Thus BNP≥2400 ng/L was considered as a significantly increased BNP level.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that cardiac index(CI)[odds ratio (

Role of telomere shortening and p53-p21- related pathway protein in learning and memory impairment induced by benzoapyrene in mice / 解剖学报

Objective To observe the changes of telomere length and p53 and p21 protein expression levels in mice exposed to different time and doses, and to explore the role of related pathways protein in benzo[a]pyrene in learning and memory impairment. Methods Ninety healthy male C57 mice, 30 in each batch, were exposed for 1 month, 2 months and 3 months respectively. Each batch was set with blank control group, solvent control group, 1. 00 mg/ kg, 2. 50 mg/ kg and 6. 25 mg/ kg benzo[a]pyrene-treated groups, 6 in each group, inoculated intraperitoneally every other day. Learning and memory ability was detected by Morris water maze test, ELISA was used to detect the content of benzo[a] pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-DNA(BPDE-DNA) adduct in mice plasma. There was no significant difference in the relative telomere length of the mice at 1 mouth of each group. The length in mice after treated for 2 and 3 months were significantly shorter than that of the non-infected group (P<0. 05). And the plasma BPDE-DNA adduct content in each exposed group was negatively correlated with the relative telomere length. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of p53-p21 related pathway protein and neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation related proteins Nestin and βⅢ-tubulin in mouse hippocampus. Relative telomere length was detected by Real-time PCR. Results The escape latency of mice in each exposed group was significantly prolonged, and the times of crossing platforms was significantly reduced. BPDE-DNA adduct was not detected in the non-dose group and in the exposed group showed an upward trend (P<0. 05). Compared with the non-dose group, the expression levels of p53 and p21 in the exposed group increase with the dose of the drug (P<0. 05). When the dose was 1. 0 mg/ kg, the expression level of Nestin did not significantly increase. The expression level of Nestin increased in the remaining exposure groups (P<0. 05), and the expression level of Nestin was lower than that in the 1. 0 mg/ kg and 2. 5 mg/ kg groups at the dose of 6. 25 mg/ kg for 3 months (P<0. 05). At 1 month, there was no significant difference in the expression of βⅢ-tubulin between the exposed and non-infected groups. At 2 and 3 months, the expression of βⅢ-tubulin in the exposed group decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of benzo[a] pyrene can induce DNA damage and telomere shortening due to BPDE-DNA adduct formation, which leads to activation of p53-p21 signaling pathway. Telomere shortening and p53-p21 signaling pathway activation-mediated DNA damage response may be important mechanisms for inhibiting proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal neurons.

Evaluation and Comparison of Thromboelastography and Conventional Coagulation Tests for Blood Coagulation Function in Children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy of disease control, survival time and safely in treatment of newly diagnosed multiple mycloma patients with different dose of tenalidomide regimens.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 116 patients with multiple myeloma from June 2011 to June 2015 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. According to doses of used lenalidomide based on dexamethasone plus lenalidomide regimen 116 patients were divided into 2 groups: conventional dose group (58 cases) and low dose group (58 cases). The ORR, PFS rate and OS rate during followed-up for 3 years, KPS score, RNS score and immunophenotypic index before and after treatment and drug toxicity incidence were compared between 2 groups.@*RESULTS@#The ORR for 2 treatment courses of low dose group was significantly lower than that in conventienal dose group (P＜0.05). The ORR for 4 and 6 treatment courses was not significantly different between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The PFS rate and OS rate during followed-up for 3 years was no significantly different between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The KPS score and RNS score after treatment of low dose group were significantly better than those in conventional dose group and before treatment (P＜0.05). The levels of immunophenotypic index after treatment of both groups were significantly better than those before treatment (P＜0.05). The incidence of III-IV grade hematological toxicity, pulmonary infection and herpes were not significantly different between 2 groups (P＞0.05). The incidence of peripheral neuropathy and gastrointestinal reactions in the low dose group were significantly lower than that in conventional dose group (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Conventional and low doses of lenalidomide possess the same control effects and survival time for treatment of newly dingnosed patients with multiple myeloma; Despite, the initiation of effects from the low dose lenalidomide is relatively slower, it contributes to raise the overall quality of life and reduce the risk of drug toxicity.

Effect of Shuanglong formula on no-reflow in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of Shuanglong formula(SLF) on no-reflow in rats with myocardial is-chemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods The rats were divided into five groups, namely, sham group, I/R group,SLF(5,2.5,1.25 g·kg-1)group. Treatment group received SLF decoction by gavage once a day for five days,while other groups were offered drinking wa-ter by gavage once a day for five days. The rats in I/R group and SLF-pretreated group were induced by iga-tion of left anterior descending coronary artery,and the rats were subjected to ischemia for 4h followed by reperfusion. Sham operation group did not undergo oc-clusion of the coronary artery. After 4 hours' reperfu-sion, real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography was used to monitor regional blood perfusion and cardi-ac functions. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and the serum was separated, and the levels of cTnT, CRP, CK and LDH were measured. The myo-cardial no-reflow area and infarction area were assessed by thioflavin S and nitrotetrazolium blue chloride, re-spectively. Results The SLF-pretreated group exhibi-ted significant reductions in the infarct area and no-re-flow area compared with I/R group(P <0.01 or P <0.05). In SLF-pretreated groups, β, A and A·β significantly increased as compared to those in I/R group. The LV anterior wall systolic and diastolic thicknesses (LVAW d/s) were significantly improved in SLF-pretreated group compared with those in I/R group. The LV internal diameter in systole (LVID s) and the LV volume in systole(LV s) were significantly reduced in SLF-pretreated group compared with those in I/R group. The EF, FS and SV were significantly improved in SLF-pretreated group compared with those in I/R group. The comparison between SLF-pretreated group and I/R group showed no significant difference in LDH, CK, cTnT, and CRP levels. Conclusion Shuanglong formula minimizes the sizes of myocardial infarct area and no-reflow area,improving regional my-ocardial blood flow and cardiac function.

Value of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in discriminating bloodstream infection bacterial species / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of procalcitonin (PCT),C-reactive protein (CRP) in discriminating the bloodstream infection bacterial species,and to analyze the levels of PCT and CRP in sepsis caused by different pathogens.Methods:Patients with blood culture and PCT,CRP detection were collected in the study,from January 2015 to January 2017.The levels of PCT and CRP were detected with electrochemiluminescence and immunoturbidimetric,respectively.The levels of PCT in gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria,different bacterial species were compared by SPSS21.0 statistical software.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was established by Sigma software,calculating the optimal cutoff value.Results:The difference in the levels of PCT between gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria was statistically significant,and the value of U was 4 420.00,(P=0.004).ROC analysis showed the optimal cut-off value was 1.105 ng/ml.The levels of PCT had statistically significant difference in coagulase-positive staphylococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci,and the value of U was 79.00(P<0.001).ROC analysis revealed the optimal cut-off value of 0.870 ng/ml.There was a significant difference in the levels of PCT in Enterobacteriaceae and non fermentative bacteria and the value of U was 681.50(P=0.005).ROC analysis showed the optimal cutoff value was 3.310 ng/ml.There was no significant difference in PCT between Staphylococcus and Enterococcus.The levels of CRP was no significant difference between the groups.Conclusion:Detection of PCT has certain value in discriminating of bloodstream infection by different bacterial species,which can provide the basis for the early rational use of drugs in patients with suspected bacteremia.The detection of PCT combined with the blood culture,can reduce the risk of failure in patients with severe infection,and improve the efficiency of treatment.

Correlations between antioxidant activities and contents of total flavonoids and total phenols of four extracts from Nervilia fordii / 中成药

AIM To investigate the correlations between antioxidant activities and contents of total flavonoids and total phenols of chloroform,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and ethanol extracts from Nervilia fordii (Hance) Schltr..METHODS The contents of total flavonoids and total phenols in four extracts from N.fordii were determined by AlCl3-HAc-NaAc coloration method and Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method,respectively.The antioxidant activities of extracts were evaluated by determining scavenging activities of DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical,together with reducing power.Then the correlations between antioxidant activities and contents of two constituents were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software.RESULTS The antioxidant activities of four extracts from N.fordii all showed dose-effect relationships,that of ethyl acetate extract was the strongest,while that of ethanol extract was the weakest.They had some correlations with the content of total flavonoids (0.604 ＜ r ＜ 0.638) and significant correlations with the content of total phenols (r ＞ 0.977).CONCLUSION Ethyl acetate extract from N.fordii can be used for the development of natural antioxidants,and the content of total phenols is the main factor to influence its antioxidant activity.

Allicin improves cardiac function by protecting against apoptosis in rat model of myocardial infarction / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of allicin on cardiac function and underlying mechanism in rat model of myocardial infarction (MI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-four Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=14-16 per group): sham control group [underwent thoracotomy without left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion and only received an injection of the same amount of citrate buffer], MI control group (subjected to LAD occlusion and only received an injection of same amount of citrate buffer), positive control group (subjected to LAD occlusion and received an injection of diltiazem hydrochloride at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg), and MI + allicin groups (subjected to LAD occlusion and received an injection of allicin at the doses of 1.2, 1.8, and 3.6 mg/kg). All of the drugs were administered intraperitoneally daily for 21 days. The infarct area was measured by myocardial staining. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes. Cardiac function parameters were assessed by echocardiography. The myocardial apoptotic index was estimated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Treatment with allicin could attenuate the myocardial infarct area (P<0.05) and relieve the changes of the myocardium. The left ventricular anterior wall diastolic and systolic thicknesses were increased in the allicin-treated groups (P<0.05), while there was no signifificant difference in the left ventricular posterior wall diastolic and systolic thickness (P>0.05). The left ventricular internal diameter in systole, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and stroke volume were dramatically elevated in allicin-treated rats (P<0.05). Allicin dose-dependently reduced creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels (P<0.05). The myocardial apoptotic index was also markedly lowered, and Bax expression was signifificantly decreased, whereas Bcl-2 expression exhibited an opposite trend in allicin-treated rats (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Allicin appears to exert a cardioprotective effect that may be linked to blocking Bcl-2/Bax signaling pathway-denpendent apoptosis, further improving cardiac function.</p>

Expression of Notch Gene and Its Role of Anti-apoptosis and Drug-resistance of Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Notch gene in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and to explore the change of Notch protein after the therapy with cytosine arabinoside or dexmethasone, and the mechanism of Notch mediated anti-apoptosis and drug-resistance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mononuclear cells from bone marrow or peripheral blood of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (24 cases) and healthy donors (14 cases) were collected, then the expression of Notch gene, BCL-2, as well as NF-κB gene were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) at the level of transcription. The change of Notch protein in L1210 cell lines after therapy with cytosine arabinoside and dexmethasone was determined by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Notch2, BCL-2 and NF-κB gene in CLL group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group (0.8556 ± 0.8726 vs 0.6731 ± 0.5334, P = 0.0182; 1.2273 ± 0.8207 vs 0.6577 ± 0.6424, P < 0.0001; 8.0960 ± 7.5661 vs 0.5969 ± 0.4976, P < 0.0001; 1.0966 ± 0.6925 vs 0.5373 ± 0.7180, P < 0.0001, respectively), but no significant difference was found between Notch3 and Notch4 gene (1.1914 ± 2.4219 vs 0.8713 ± 0.7937, P = 0.3427; 0.8174 ± 1.0869 vs 0.9752 ± 1.3446, P = 0.2402, respectively). Notch1 protein expression in L1210 cells were significantly decreased after treating with cytosine arabinoside of low and middle concentrations, but increased after treating with cytosine arabinoside of high concentration or prolonging time of cytosine arabinoside of middle con-centration. Notch1 protein expression in L1210 cells dereased after treating with dexamethasone, but did not be changed with the different concentrations and different times of dexmethason.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transcription level of Notch gene in CLL patients significantly higher than that in normal controls. The Notch1 protein expression is down-regulated in process of inhibiting L1210 cell proliferation by Ara-C and dexmethason. Notch signaling pathway may mediated anti-apoptosis and drug resistance of CLL cells. Notch molecule possibly plays an important role in the anti-apoptosis and drug-resistance of CLL cells.</p>

Effect of paeonol on blood pressure and blood flow in artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats and its mechanisms related on vasomotion / 中国中药杂志

Previous studies have shown that paeonol can antagonize acute myocardial ischemia and infarction in rat. This study further researched the effects of paeonol on blood pressure and blood flow in the artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats and its mechanisms related on vasomotion. Firstly, thirty spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into spontaneously hypertensive control group and paeonol-treating groups of high dose and low dose, and also, the other ten Wistar rats as healthy control group. Before and after the intraduodenal administration of the drug, arterial blood pressure was measured by carotid artery and blood flow through the renal artery and carotid artery in vivo were measured by animal flowmeter. The same volume of solvent was given to the spontaneously hypertensive control group and the healthy control group, and the other operations were same. In order to further study the effect of paeonol on vasomotor function, the superior mesenteric artery, renal artery and coronary artery of the spontaneously hypertensive rat were removed and separated, precontracted by a certain concentration of potassium chloride (KCl) and 5-serotonin (5-HT) respectively, and dilatory responses were assessed by cumulative addition of paeonol. Results showed that after duodenal one-time delivery of paeonol, the blood pressure significantly lowered, the renal arterial blood flow and the carotid arterial blood flow significantly increased in spontaneously hypertensive rat. And also, paeonol relaxed the mesenteric artery, renal artery and the coronary artery of spontaneously hypertensive rat in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicated that the effect of paeonol on decreasing arterial blood pressure and increasing the arterial blood flow was related to its vasodilative effect.

Notch signal pathway and chronic lymphocytic leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an indolent B-cell malignancy, is characterized by heterogeneity of the clinical course. Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway and involved in the normal regulation of cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other physiological processes. In recent years, more and more researchers study the relationship between Notch signaling pathway and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and have found that Notch molecules present in CLL cells with high expression or mutation, which associated with the prognosis, anti-apoptosis, drug-resistance and so on. In this article, the recent advances of studies on CLL and Notch pathway, including the expression level of Notch molecules in CLL cells, the anti-apoptosis and drug-resistance of Notch molecules in CLL cells, the mutation of Notch molecules in CLL cells, the relation of Notch molecules with CLL prognosis and the application prospect of Notch molecule inhibitors are reviewed.

Paeonol induces vasodilatation in rat mesenteric artery via inhibiting extracellular Ca²⁺ influx and intracellular Ca²⁺ release / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the vasodilative effect of paeonol in rat mesenteric artery and the mechanisms responsible for it.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed. The superior mesenteric artery was removed, dissected free of adherent tissue and cut into 2.0 mm long cylindrical segments. Isometric tension of artery rings was recorded by a myograph system in vitro. Concentration-relaxation curves of paeonol (17.8 μ mol/L to 3.16 mmol/L) were recorded on artery rings precontracted by potassium chloride (KCl) and concentration-contraction curves of KCl, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) or calcium chloride (CaCl2) were recorded in the presence of paeonol (10(-4.5), 10(-3.8), 10(-3.5) mol/L) respectively. And also, concentration-relaxation curves of paeonol were recorded in the presence of different potassium channel inhibitors and propranolol on rings precontracted with KCl respectively. To investigate the role of intracellular Ca(2+) release from Ca(2+) store, the contraction induced by NA (100 μ mol/L) and CaCl2 (2 mmol/L) in Ca(2+) free medium was observed in the presence of paeonol respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Paeonol relaxed artery rings precontracted by KCl in a concentration-dependent manner and the vasodilatation effect was not affected by endothelium denudation. Paeonol significant decreased the maximum contractions (Emax) induced by KCl, CaCl2, NA and 5-HT, as well as Emax induced by NA and CaCl2 in Ca(2+) -free medium, suggesting that paeonol dilated the artery via inhibiting the extracellular Ca(2+) influx mediated by voltage-dependent calcium channel, and receptor-mediated Ca(2+)-influx and release. Moreover, none of glibenclamide, tetraethylammonium, barium chlorded and propranolol affected the paeonol-induced vasodilatation, indicating that the vasodilatation was not contributed to ATP sensitive potassium channel, calcium-activated potassium channel, inwardly rectifying potassium channel, and β-adrenoceptor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Paeonol induces non-endothelium dependent-vasodilatation in rat mesenteric artery via inhibiting voltage-dependent calcium channel-mediated extracellular Ca(2+) influx and receptor-mediated Ca(2+) influx and release.</p>

Comparative on acute myocardial infarction models in beagle dogs and mongrel dogs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the acute myocardial infarction models in Beagle dogs and mongrel dogs, and study whether the Beagle dog model is sensitive to drug intervention.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The acute myocardial infarction model of dog was set up through ligation of anterior descending branch of coronary artery in dogs, in order to observe morphological changes of the heart and determine artery length and heart coefficient of exposed anterior descending branch of coronary artery. The epicardium electrocardiogram (sigmaST, N-ST) was used to measure the degree of myocardial ischemia. The quantitative histological assay (nitroblue tetrazolium, N-BT stain) was adopted to determine the area of myocardial infarction.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>There was no significant difference between Beagle dogs and mongrel dogs in terms of sigmaST, N-ST and ischemia area. The diltiazem group of Beagle dogs showed obvious reduction in the ischemia area (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), with notable decline in sigmaST and N-ST, however, it had no statistical difference compared with the Beagle dog model group. Beagle dogs had clear coronary branches, longer exposed arteries and less difference in organ coefficient, which were suitable for the preparation of the myocardial infarction model, whereas mongrel dogs had irregular coronary branches and exposed arteries, with greater individual difference.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Beagle dogs are superior to mongrel dogs in the preparation of the acute myocardial infarction model, which is sensitive to for drug intervention.</p>

Time-series analysis on relationship between air pollution and mortality from circulatory system diseases among registered residents in Chaoyang district of Beijing / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aims to investigate relationship between daily concentration of PM(10), SO(2), NO(2) and daily mortality due to circulatory system diseases in Chaoyang district, Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The time-series data of daily mortality from circulatory system diseases of registered residents in Chaoyang were obtained from Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The daily concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), and particulate matter (PM(10)) were collected from Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center. And the routine monitoring meteorological data were collected from Beijing Meteorological Bureau, including daily mean temperature and daily mean relative humidity. The time-series analysis was then conducted to determine the relationship of mortality from circulatory system diseases with daily concentrations of SO(2), NO(2) and PM(10) by using Poisson regression with generalized additive model (GAM).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During January 2004 to September 2008, the cumulative death number from circulatory system diseases of registered residents in Chaoyang district of Beijing was 19 241, the daily average concentration of SO(2), NO(2), PM(10) was 48.7, 63.9, 146.1 µg/m(3), respectively. The single pollutant model showed an increase of daily concentration of PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) by 10 µg/m(3) will augment the mortality from circulatory system diseases by 0.20% (95%CI: 0.01% - 0.39%), 0.36% (95%CI: -0.13% - 0.85%) and 0.30% (95%CI: -0.34% - 0.94%), respectively. In the multiple air pollutants models, combinatorial effects of PM(10) and SO(2) still positively correlated with increased mortality from circulatory system diseases (P < 0.05), whereas changes of the concentration of NO(2) had no significant effect on mortality from circulatory system diseases (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings in this study elucidated that changes of the concentration of PM(10) and SO(2) had a positive correlation with daily mortality from circulatory system diseases among the local residents in Chaoyang District, whereas the daily concentration of NO(2) was irrelevant with that.</p>

Clinical analysis on 40 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to analyze the clinical and laboratorial characteristics of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), as well as their relationship with outcomes of patients. The clinical and laboratorial data of 40 CLL patients admitted from 2004 to 2010 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The results indicated that the most of CLL attacked the elderly male patients with median age 66 (from 42 to 80). Flow cytometric analysis showed that 25 cases were positive for typical immunophenotype of CLL. On the other hand, all the patients clearly expressed CD19 and CD5, 7 cases (17.5%) and 14 cases (35%) were positive for the expression of CD38 and Zap70 respectively. 8 cases harbored a mutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain (VH) gene, among them 4 cases belong to VH3 family. Interphase FISH analysis showed that P53 deletion, RB1 deletion, trisomy 12 and normal chromosome were detected in 6, 3, 1, and 5 cases, respectively. The median PFS in 31 patients received treatment of fludarabine based chemotherapy was 48 months (95%CI: 39 - 57 months), among them 27 cases (87.1%) achieved CR + PR. While PFS was 14 months (95%CI: 10 - 18 months, P < 0.001) in 9 patients received other treatment regimen, out of them only 3 cases (33.3%) achieved CR + PR. Patients with normal level of serum β2-microglobulin at diagnosis showed significantly higher overall survival (78%, 95%CI: 69% - 87%) in 36 months than those with abnormal level of serum β2-microglobulin (47%, 95%CI: 35% - 59%, P = 0.004). Significant difference in the rate of CR + PR was noted in the Zap70 positive group (50%) and in negative group (88.5%, P = 0.006). All of 8 patients with IgVH mutation displayed CR after treatment, while 4 cases (66.7%) archived CR among 6 patients without IgVH mutation. It is concluded that CLL is characterized by high heterogeneity in both clinical features and molecular markers, which are associated with prediction of outcomes for patients. The treatment with fludarabine-based chemotherapy results in a major benefit and long survival for patients with CLL.

A case of Richter syndrome transformed from chronic lymphocytic leukemia with karyotype aberration of trisomy 12 / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between Richter's syndrome (RS) transformation and clinical characteristics as well as karyotype of patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). By the follow-up of a patient with CLL, the clinical characteristics, karyotype, treatment pattern and its effect, as well as disease progression were monitored regularly with serological test, flow cytometry and FISH technique. The results indicated that the patient typically presented with history of CLL at initial diagnosis, with expression of CD5(+), CD19(+) and CD23(+), Binet stage C, as well as karyotype aberration of trisomy 12, and poorly responded to 4 cycles of standard chemotherapy of FCR regimen. The disease progression was confirmed at 5 months with the symptoms of fever in the absence of infection, elevated lactate dehydrogenase level and rapidly enlarging lymphnodes which showed typically diffuse large B cell lymphoma by the biopsy. It is concluded that karyotype aberration of trisomy 12 is one of the risk factors for RS transformation, and treatment pattern of the patient with CLL may be associated with the transformation of RS.

Protective effects of paeonol, paeoniflorin and their compatibility on in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes suffering from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effects of paeonol, paeoniflorin, and their compatibility on in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes suffering from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were in vitro cultured and injured by a hypoxia of 2.5 - 5 h and a following 2-h reoxygenation. To observe the effects of paeonol and paeoniflorin, four doses of 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/L were respectively set up. And to observe the compatibility of paeonol and paeoniflorin, five doses were set up as follows: paeonol 40 and 20 mg/L, paeoniflorin 40 and 20 mg/L, compatibility of paeonol 20 mg/L and paeoniflorin 20 mg/L. The above drugs were incubated with cardiomyocytes during the hypoxia and reoxygenation period respectively. No drug intervention was given to the model group, while no modeling was given to the normal control group. The transudatory creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the culture medium were determined after the hypoxia period and the reoxygenation period respectively, and the total outleakage and the leakage inhibition ratio during the whole procedure were calculated. Results of each group were got from parallel operations for 5 times.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal control group, the MDA leakage increased 2.5 h after hypoxia, the leakage and the total outleakage of CK, LDH, and MDA all significantly increased 3 and 5 h after hypoxia, and 2 h after reoxygenation. The leakage inhibition ratio of each index decreased with statistical difference (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the leakage and the total outleakage of LDH and MDA both decreased in the high dose paeonol group, and the high and middle dose paeoniflorin groups after hypoxia and 2 h after reoxygenation (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the leakage inhibition ratio of each index increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). However, the leakage and the total outleakage of CK decreased in the low dose and the extreme low dose paeonol groups only 2 h after reoxygenation (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the leakage inhibition ratio of CK increased (P<0.01). The leakage and the total outleakage of LDH decreased in the extreme low dose paeoniflorin group only 2 h after reoxygenation (P<0.01), while the leakage inhibition ratio of LDH increased (P<0.01). The effects of their compatibility showed no significant difference (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Paeonol, paeoniflorin, and their compatibility all have remarkable protective effects on in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes suffering from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. There was no significant synergistic effect when paeonol was used with paeoniflorin together.</p>

Anaphylactoid reactions inducing effect of polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata injection on beagle / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the sensitization effect of polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata Injection in different concentrations on Beagle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Beagles, a kind of animal highly sensitive to sensitizing agents, were randomly divided into 18 groups, 3 in each group. They received respectively the intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 made by different factories in different concentrations (0.25%, 0.10%, 0.05%), and Houttuynia cordata Injection containing polysorbate 80 in concentration of 0.25% or 0.30%, with the constant infusing speed of 5 mL/min and volume of 10 mL/kg. Changes of animals' condition were observed before infusion and in the 24 h after infusion, time of symptom appearance and disappearance was recorded, and the grade of response was determined. Moreover, blood samples of animals were collected before infusion and 10 min after ending infusion for measuring histamine content in plasma using ELISA. Then the sensitization effect was comprehensively estimated by combined consideration of the responding grade and histamine level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No typical symptom of anaphylactoid reaction and over 1-fold increase of histamine level was found in all groups that received intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata Injection in different concentrations. Estimation showed that all test solutions didn't induce typical anaphylactoid reaction on Beagle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Considering both the appearance of symptoms and the elevation of blood content of histamine could be taken as the criteria for comprehensive diagnosis of anaphylactoid reactions. The solubilization effect and safety (for foreclose anaphylactoid reaction) of polysorbate 80 could be ensured by controlling its quality and concentration below 0.25% or 0.30%.</p>

Comparison of two-year efficacy between procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids and Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy in treatment of III and IV degree internal hemorrhoids / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the long-term efficacy of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) and Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy (MMH) in the treatment of III and IV degree internal hemorrhoids.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred patients were randomly divided into two groups and received PPH (n=42) and MMH (n=58) respectively. After two years, the efficacy, complications and function of defecation were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two years after operation, the morbidities of hydrorrhea (2.38% vs 20.69%, P=0.007), dermal neoplasm formation (9.52% vs 25.86%, P=0.040) and narrowing in the caliber of the stools (2.38% vs 18.97%, P=0.027) were significantly lower in PPH group than those in MMH group (P<0.05). The morbidities of overall complication (9.52% vs 25.86%, P=0.040) and overall abnormal function of defecation (9.52% vs 29.31%, P=0.017) were lower in PPH group than those in MMH group (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences of the morbidity of relapse (14.29% vs 10.34%, P=0.549), patient satisfactory degree (92.86% vs 87.93%, P=0.636) and overall symptom recurrence rate (19.05% vs 25.86%, P=0.424) between the two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Long-term efficacies of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids and Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of III and IV degree internal hemorrhoids are similar. PPH has better safety, less complications and less effect on abnormal function of defecation compared with MMH.</p>

Effects of series of Muskone on heart hemodynamics and myocardial consumption of oxygen in experimental dogs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of series of Muskone (the muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Inula Root and neither kind of Common Aucklandia Root) on the heart hemodynamics and myocardial consumption of oxygen in experimental dogs, and to explain its pharmacological action on cardiovascular system.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Arterial blood pressure, coronary blood flow, resistance in coronary artery, total peripheral resistance, work of left artrium and oxygen consumption index of the cardiac muscles were observed in anaesthetic dogs.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The series of Muskone decreased arterial blood pressure significantly, dilated coronary artery and peripheral arteries significantly, increased coronary blood flow, decreased resistance in coronary artery, improved the work of left artrium, the oxygen availability of cardiac muscles and the complaisance of arteries in cardiac muscles.</p>

Study on comparative pharmacology of series of Muskone / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the therapeutic effects of the series of Muskone (the Muskone includes Slender Dutchmanspipe Root, Tumuxiang, and not Slender Dutchmanspipe Root) on experimental myocardial infarct and pain in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Coronary artery ligation was applied for the model of myocardial infarct. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by measuring parameters of histomorphometry, blood plasm of ET, 6- keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2. Intraperitoneal injection acetic was applied for the model of ache, the frequency and eclipse period of writhing were evaluated its effect of resisting pain.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The Muskone including Radix Aristolociae, the Muskone including Radix Inulae and the Muskone without Radix Aucklandiae all can decrease the area of myocardial infarction in rats, the level of TXB2, ET, and the frequency of writhing significantly. Also it can increase the level 6-keto-PGF1alpha, the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1alpha and TXB2. Single Radix Aristolociae or Radix Inulae only relieved pain.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Muskone including Radix Aristolociae, the Muskone including Radix Inulae and the Muskone without Radix Aucklandiae all have significant therapeutic effect on both myocardial infarction and pain, while single Radix Aristolociae or Radix Inulae only can relieve pain.</p>