RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Use cadavers and three-dimensional MRA models to study the anatomical relationship between the sacrospinous ligament(SSL)and its adjacent vessels and nerves.METHODS: Totally 24 female cadavers provided by Anatomy Department of Southern Medical University from September 2017 to September 2018 were dissected,and 30 MRA data collected by Gynecology Department of Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2015 to December 2018 were selected to reconstruct to measure the relevant application parameters.RESULTS: The medial structure of the pudendal canal was the pudendal nerve,and the horizontal distance between the right pudendal nerve and the sciatic spine was(1.51 ± 0.35)cm. The thickness of the thickest point of the right coccygeus-sacrospinousligament(CSSL)was(1.03±0.23)cm and the horizontal distance between the point and the right sciatic spine was(2.81±0.55)cm;the vertical distance from where the right inferior gluteal artery is out of pelvis cavity to the horizontal line of sciatic spine was(2.43±0.95)cm,and the distance between the vertical point and the sciatic spine was(1.83±0.83)cm. In anatomy and MRA model,none of the inferior gluteal artery went dorsally through the SSL,and the sciatic nerve was away from the SSL.There was no obvious vascular nerve traveling on the pelvic surface of SSL.CONCLUSION: The point which is 2.81 cm away from the right sciatic spine of the SSL at the horizonal level may be the best suspension point for SSLF.
RESUMO
Endophyte is a significant biological resource which exists in plant cells without any negative effects for plants. After a long period of evolution, endophyte and its host plants keep a relatively stable symbiosis by producing some special active ingredients. Therefore, plant endophyte is the essential source of active ingredients and leading compound, while antioxidants attract the most attention of all ingredients. There is abundant diversity of antioxidant activity endophytes in medicinal plants, especially endophytic fungi and endophytic actinomyces. Here we summarize the recent research progress in the antioxidant activity endophytes from the relationship between the antioxidant activity endophytes and host plants, their ecological significance, diversity of antioxidant activity endophytes, and active ingredients. And the future research and development direction of this field is prospected.
RESUMO
Objective: To invest the differences among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues and their impacts on clinical applications. Methods: In this study, MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue (AD), umbilical cord tissue (UC), and menstrual blood (Men) and compared their biological characteristics in terms of proliferation capacity, passage capacity, colony formation, and surface markers were compared. Results: The stem cells (SCs) obtained from different sources were all characterized as MSCs, but demonstrated some differences. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) were able to overcome density inhibition. The proliferation rate decreased in the order UCMSCs > MenSCs > ADSCs, while the colony-forming ability decreased in the order MenSCs > ADSCs > UCMSCs. Based on gene-expression data for MSCs from different sources within the same donor, 768 MenSC genes were found that were specifically upregulated or downregulated compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs and UCMSCs, most of which were involved in cell function-related pathways. In addition, MenSCs appeared to be superior in terms of immune inflammation, stress response, and neural differentiation potentials, but weaker in terms of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacities, compared with UCMSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs. Conclusions: MenSCs have higher extraction efficiency, colony-forming ability, and long time passage capacity. Although the proliferation capacity is inferior to UCMSCs.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To invest the differences among mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from different tissues and their impacts on clinical applications.@*METHODS@#In this study, MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue (AD), umbilical cord tissue (UC), and menstrual blood (Men) and compared their biological characteristics in terms of proliferation capacity, passage capacity, colony formation, and surface markers were compared.@*RESULTS@#The stem cells (SCs) obtained from different sources were all characterized as MSCs, but demonstrated some differences. Umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UCMSCs) were able to overcome density inhibition. The proliferation rate decreased in the order UCMSCs > MenSCs > ADSCs, while the colony-forming ability decreased in the order MenSCs > ADSCs > UCMSCs. Based on gene-expression data for MSCs from different sources within the same donor, 768 MenSC genes were found that were specifically upregulated or downregulated compared with bone marrow-derived MSCs and UCMSCs, most of which were involved in cell function-related pathways. In addition, MenSCs appeared to be superior in terms of immune inflammation, stress response, and neural differentiation potentials, but weaker in terms of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation capacities, compared with UCMSCs and bone marrow-derived MSCs.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MenSCs have higher extraction efficiency, colony-forming ability, and long time passage capacity. Although the proliferation capacity is inferior to UCMSCs.