Treatment with upper complete denture and lower implant-fixed restorations on an elderly patient presenting fully edentulous maxilla and bilateral posterior edentulous mandible: a case report / 대한치과보철학회지

Stable posterior occlusal support is crucial for adequate masticatory function and facial aesthetics. In elderly patients over the age of 65, masticatory ability has a significant impact on nutritional intake and overall health. This case report presents a prosthetic treatment of an elderly patient with edentulous maxilla and bilateral posterior edentulous mandible. The upper jaw was restored with a complete denture to establish an ideal occlusal plane, and the three-dimensional positions of the mandibular implants were determined accordingly. The implants were placed through computer-guided implant surgery and were immediately loaded with fixed provisional restorations. The implant-fixed zirconia final restorations were inserted in the lower posterior region, and the occlusal surface of posterior artificial teeth in the upper denture was substituted with cobalt-chrome alloy to resist occlusal wear. The patient’s posterior occlusal support and masticatory function were promptly restored through this treatment process, and long-term stability against wear was also obtained.

Effect of total intravenous versus inhalation anesthesia on long-term oncological outcomes in patients undergoing curative resection for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study / 대한마취과학회지

Background@#Propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) improves long-term outcomes after cancer surgery compared with inhalation anesthesia. However, its effect on patients undergoing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) surgery remains unclear. We aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of TIVA and inhalation anesthesia after curative resection of early-stage NSCLC. @*Methods@#We analyzed the medical records of patients diagnosed with stage I or II NSCLC who underwent curative resection at a tertiary university hospital between January 2010 and December 2017. The primary outcomes were recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) according to anesthesia type. @*Results@#We included 1,508 patients with stage I/II NSCLC. The patients were divided into the TIVA (n = 980) and Inhalation (n = 528) groups. The two groups were well-balanced in terms of baseline clinical characteristics. The TIVA group demonstrated significantly improved RFS (7.7 years, 95% CI [7.37, 8.02]) compared with the Inhalation group (6.8 years, 95% CI [6.30, 7.22], P = 0.003). Similarly, TIVA was superior to inhalation agents with respect to OS (median OS; 8.4 years, 95% CI [8.08, 8.69] vs. 7.3 years, 95% CI [6.81, 7.71]; P < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that TIVA was an independent prognostic factor related to recurrence (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.24, 95% CI [1.04, 1.47], P = 0.014) and OS (HR: 1.39, 95% CI [1.12, 1.72], P = 0.002). @*Conclusions@#Propofol-based TIVA was associated with better RFS and OS than inhalation anesthesia in patients with stage I/II NSCLC who underwent curative resection.

Clinical usefulness of ultrasound as an early diagnostic tool for neuroleukemiosis -a case report- / 대한마취과학회지

Background@#Neuroleukemiosis is a rare complication of leukemia. The diagnosis may be delayed owing to non-specific symptoms and the need for special diagnostic modalities. Case: A 70-year-old man in his sixth year of remission from acute myeloid leukemia was referred to the pain clinic for shooting and radiating pain in the left posterior leg. A lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging showed mild disc bulging of the L2-3, which was insufficient to explain the patient’s symptoms. With insufficient pain response to lumbar epidural block and piriformis injection, we examined both sciatic nerves using an ultrasound and identified an enlarged hypoechoic mass on the left sciatic nerve at mid-thigh level. After that, we biopsied the mass under general anesthesia, and histology confirmed it to be neuroleukemiosis. @*Conclusions@#Ultrasound is an inexpensive, non-invasive, simple, and quick diagnostic modality that can be used as a screening tool in the diagnosis of neuroleukemiosis.

Effects of Macrolide and Corticosteroid in Neutrophilic Asthma Mouse Model / 결핵

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a disease of chronic airway inflammation with heterogeneous features. Neutrophilic asthma is corticosteroid-insensitive asthma related to absence or suppression of TH2 process and increased TH1 and/or TH17 process. Macrolides are immunomodulatory drug that reduce airway inflammation, but their role in asthma is not fully known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of macrolides in neutrophilic asthma and compare their effects with those of corticosteroids. METHODS: C57BL/6 female mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Clarithromycin (CAM) and/or dexamethasone (DXM) were administered at days 14, 15, 21, 22, and 23. At day 24, the mice were sacrificed. RESULTS: Airway resistance in the OVA+LPS exposed mice was elevated but was more attenuated after treatment with CAM+DXM compared with the monotherapy group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid study, total cells and neutrophil counts in OVA+LPS mice were elevated but decreased after CAM+DXM treatment. In hematoxylin and eosin stain, the CAM+DXM-treated group showed less inflammation additively than the monotherapy group. There was less total protein, interleukin 17 (IL-17), interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor α in the CAM+DXM group than in the monotherapy group (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001). More histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) activity was recovered in the DXM and CAM+DXM challenged groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Decreased IL-17 and recovered relative HDAC2 activity correlated with airway resistance and inflammation in a neutrophilic asthma mouse model. This result suggests macrolides as a potential corticosteroid-sparing agent in neutrophilic asthma.

Compression stockings reduce the incidence of hypotension but not that of cerebral desaturation events in the beach-chair position: a randomized controlled trial / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: The beach-chair position (BCP) results in decreases in venous return, cardiac output, and cerebral perfusion pressure. In this randomized, prospective study, we investigated whether applying thigh-high compression stockings affected the maintenance of regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (rSO2) in the BCP. METHODS: Patients undergoing orthopedic surgery in the BCP under general anesthesia were included and assigned randomly to the control or the compression stocking group. Appropriately sized thigh-high compression stockings were applied to the patients in the stockings group. All patients were tilted, up to 45°, throughout the operation. Non-invasive blood pressure, invasive arterial blood pressure zeroed at the external auditory meatus, and rSO2 were recorded. RESULTS: Data were analyzed from 19 patients per group. In the BCP, the values of rSO2 and blood pressure decreased significantly compared with those at baseline, with no significant difference between the groups. The incidences of cerebral desaturation events (CDEs) were similar between the groups; however, that of hypotension was significantly lower in the compression stocking group. During 36 CDEs, the levels of rSO2 and blood pressure decreased significantly compared with those at baseline in both groups. No significant correlation was found between rSO2 and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Thigh-high compression stockings reduced the incidence of hypotension but not that of CDEs. Our results suggest that other factors, beyond hypotension itself, contribute to CDEs and in other words, efforts just to reduce the incidence of hypotension may not mainly contribute to a reduction of CDEs occurrence in the BCP under general anesthesia.

Lead fracture of peripheral nerve stimulator for brachial plexopathy: a case report / 대한마취과학회지

Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is a useful treatment for chronic pain, but it can cause damage depending on its application site. Here, we describe the case of a 54-year-old man who underwent PNS for brachial plexopathy in 2015. One lead was implanted on the left medial cord to stimulate the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, and the other was implanted on the radial nerve to stimulate the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Both leads were inserted near the shoulder joint but did not cross it. Before PNS, the patient did not move his shoulder and elbow because of severe pain, but the treatment greatly alleviated this pain. Twenty months after the operation, both leads were fractured, and the severe pain returned. Repetitive motion near the joint was closely related to the lead fractures. In conclusion, large joints as the insertion sites of PNS leads should be avoided to prevent lead fractures.

Corrigendum: Effects of Macrolide and Corticosteroid in Neutrophilic Asthma Mouse Model / 결핵및호흡기질환

In this article, the statement of ethical statement about animal experiment was omitted.

Effects of Macrolide and Corticosteroid in Neutrophilic Asthma Mouse Model / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND@#Asthma is a disease of chronic airway inflammation with heterogeneous features. Neutrophilic asthma is corticosteroid-insensitive asthma related to absence or suppression of TH2 process and increased TH1 and/or TH17 process. Macrolides are immunomodulatory drug that reduce airway inflammation, but their role in asthma is not fully known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of macrolides in neutrophilic asthma and compare their effects with those of corticosteroids.@*METHODS@#C57BL/6 female mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Clarithromycin (CAM) and/or dexamethasone (DXM) were administered at days 14, 15, 21, 22, and 23. At day 24, the mice were sacrificed.@*RESULTS@#Airway resistance in the OVA+LPS exposed mice was elevated but was more attenuated after treatment with CAM+DXM compared with the monotherapy group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid study, total cells and neutrophil counts in OVA+LPS mice were elevated but decreased after CAM+DXM treatment. In hematoxylin and eosin stain, the CAM+DXM-treated group showed less inflammation additively than the monotherapy group. There was less total protein, interleukin 17 (IL-17), interferon γ, and tumor necrosis factor α in the CAM+DXM group than in the monotherapy group (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, and p < 0.001). More histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) activity was recovered in the DXM and CAM+DXM challenged groups than in the control group (p < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Decreased IL-17 and recovered relative HDAC2 activity correlated with airway resistance and inflammation in a neutrophilic asthma mouse model. This result suggests macrolides as a potential corticosteroid-sparing agent in neutrophilic asthma.

Does acute normovolemic hemodilution affect intraoperative value of serum-creatinine concentration in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

BACKGROUND: The possible impact of hemodilution during acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) using hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on intraoperative serum concentration of creatinine (s-Cr) has not been well investigated. METHODS: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery were randomly allocated into Group-ANH (n = 15) or Group-C (control; n = 17). In Group-ANH, 5 ml/kg whole blood was collected, and they were administered 5 ml/kg of HES 130/0.4 after anesthesia induction and before initiating cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In both groups, moderate hypothermic CPB was initiated using 1,600–1,800 ml of bloodless priming solution. The changes of s-Cr, blood urea nitrogen, hematocrit (Hct), electrolytes, and osmolality were determined before ANH administration (T1), after administering ANH 5 ml/kg (T2), 30 and 60 s after the initiation of CPB (T3, T4), and at the end of surgery (T5). RESULTS: In Group-ANH, the s-Cr values at T2 (median [IQR25–75%], 0.83 [0.71–1.00] mg/dl) were not significantly different compared to those at T1 (0.84 [0.64–1.00] mg/dl), while those at T3 and T4 (0.68 [0.61–0.80] and 0.76 [0.59–0.92] mg/dl, respectively) were significantly lower than those at T2 (0.83 [0.71–1.00] mg/dl, P < 0.001). Hct at T3, T4 and T5 were significantly lower than those of T1 in both groups, and those at T2 and T4 of Group-ANH were significantly lower than those of Group-C (P < 0.001). There was no significant inter-group difference in all other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative s-Cr was not affected by the administration of ANH 5 ml/kg, although it reduced transiently at the beginning of CPB. Further study is needed to determine the clinical relevancy of our results.

Implantable drug delivery systems with morphine in fibromyalgia: A case report

The fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) could be approached by various treatments modalities including education, aerobic exercise, cognitive behavioral therapy, tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, pregabalin, and so on. If other treatments fail, opioids including morphine should be considered. In this case report, we describe the case of a 44-year-old woman who was diagnosed with FMS three years ago, and suffered from severe intractable pain, side effects from other drugs, and opioid tolerance. Administration of morphine via an implantable drug delivery system resulted in significant improvement in the patient's pain intensity, fibromyalgia impact questionnaire score, and sleep disturbance. Our case demonstrates that an implantable drug delivery system with morphine can be a potential treatment option for refractory fibromyalgia patients.

Air-Q(R)sp-assisted awake fiberoptic bronchoscopic intubation in a patient with Ludwig's angina / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Anesthesia for cesarean section in a patient with respiratory failure: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

We present successful epidural anesthesia and assisted mechanical ventilation in a parturient woman with respiratory failure. A 41-year-old woman at 35 weeks' of gestation was entering labor. She was pneumonectomized on the left, had bronchiectasis on the remnant lung, and was under assisted mechanical ventilation by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) because of severely restricted lung function and superimposed pneumonia. We administered continuous epidural analgesia for vaginal delivery, and extended it for cesarean section after failure of vaginal delivery. During the procedure, her ventilation was continuously assisted by CPAP. The maternal and fetal outcomes were successful.

Aspiration of a sponge during conscious sedation / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Awake Glidescope(R) intubation in patients with severe arytenoid swelling after laryngeal surgery with radiation therapy / 대한마취과학회지

No abstract available.

Long-term Results of Stellate Ganglion Block in Patients with Olfactory Dysfunction

BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction, including anosmia and hyposmia is difficult to treat. Although the mechanism is not well known, stellate ganglion block (SGB) is used to treat olfactory dysfunction. There are no prior studies on the long-term effects of SGB on olfactory dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the continuity of therapeutic effects and patient satisfaction with SGB treatment. METHODS: This was a follow-up study carried out via a telephonic survey. The olfactory function of the patient was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). We checked VAS three times: VAS-I (pre-treatment VAS), VAS-A (post-treatment VAS), and VAS-C (VAS at follow up telephone survey). We divided the subjects into 2 groups according to their responsiveness to SGB: the responsive (R group) and the unresponsive groups (UR group). Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a Likert scale. RESULTS: Out of the 40 subjects, 37 responded to the telephone survey. In the UR group, there was difference in the olfactory function. However, in the R group, there were significant VAS differences; VAS-I was 9.6 +/- 0.7, VAS-A was 5.1 +/- 4.2, and VAS-C was 2.7 +/- 2.7 (P < 0.05). On the Likert scale, patient satisfaction was as follows: grade 1, 17 patients (45.9%); grade 2, 6 patients (16.2%); grade 3, 6 patients (16.2%); and grade 4, 8 patients (21.6%). CONCLUSIONS: SGB is a safe, long-lasting, and effective therapeutic modality for olfactory dysfunction treatment.

Airway Obstruction and Flattening of Arterial Pressure Wave during Whole Lung Lavage: A Case Report / 대한구급학회지

Whole lung lavage (WLL) is a challenging procedure; because lavage fluid may perturb the respiratory and hemodynamic systems. We observed severe airway obstruction and flattening arterial pressure wave during WLL for treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. The aim of this case report is to discuss the anesthetic requirement in order to prevent bronchospasm during WLL. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of lavage fluid to cause airway obstruction and decrease cardiac outflow through the mass effect.

Intrauterine fetal bradycardia after accidental administration of the anesthetic agent in the subdural space during epidural labor analgesia: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Subdural injection of epidural anesthesia is rare and is usually undiagnosed during epidural anesthesia causing severely delayed maternal hypotension, hypoxia, and fetal distress. A 38-year-old primiparous woman was administered epidural labor analgesia at 40(+6) weeks' gestation, and developed progressive maternal respiratory depression, bradycardia, and hypotension after accidental subdural administration of the anesthetic agent. Furthermore, fetal distress occurred soon after administration. The patient was managed with oxygen, position changes, fluid resuscitation, and ephedrine. Intrauterine fetal resuscitation was successfully performed with atropine before cesarean section, and a healthy baby was delivered. Although subdural injection is uncommon, this case emphasizes the importance of anesthesiologists monitoring patients for a sufficient period after epidural labor analgesia, and being prepared to perform maternal or fetal resuscitation.

Sugammadex versus neostigmine reversal of moderate rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in Korean patients / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Rapid and complete reversal of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) is desirable at the end of surgery. Sugammadex reverses rocuronium-induced NMB by encapsulation. It is well tolerated in Caucasian patients, providing rapid reversal of moderate (reappearance of T2) rocuronium-induced NMB. We investigated the efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in Korean patients. METHODS: This randomized, safety assessor-blinded trial (NCT01050543) included Korean patients undergoing general anesthesia. Rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was given prior to intubation with maintenance doses of 0.1-0.2 mg/kg as required. Patients received sugammadex 2.0 mg/kg or neostigmine 50 microg/kg with glycopyrrolate 10 microg/kg to reverse the NMB at the reappearance of T2, after the last rocuronium dose. The primary efficacy endpoint was the time from sugammadex or neostigmine administration to recovery of the train-of-four (TOF) ratio to 0.9. The safety of these medications was also assessed. RESULTS: Of 128 randomized patients, 118 had evaluable data (n = 59 in each group). The geometric mean (95% confidence interval) time to recovery of the TOF ratio to 0.9 was 1.8 (1.6, 2.0) minutes in the sugammadex group and 14.8 (12.4, 17.6) minutes in the neostigmine group (P < 0.0001). Sugammadex was generally well tolerated, with no evidence of residual or recurrence of NMB; four patients in the neostigmine group reported adverse events possibly indicative of inadequate NMB reversal. CONCLUSIONS: Sugammadex was well tolerated and provided rapid reversal of moderate rocuronium-induced NMB in Korean patients, with a recovery time 8.1 times faster than neostigmine. These results are consistent with those reported for Caucasian patients.

In the hour of Sugammadex / 대한마취과학회지

Sugammadex is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin which is showing favorable outcomes regarding reversal of neuromuscular blockade, especially by rocuronium. It is designed to encapsulate rocuronium and being considered a new class of drugs as selective relaxant binding agents. It has given countless benefits to the patients at risk of incomplete or delayed recovery after neuromuscular block and has renown for another milestone in anesthesia practice. Recurrence of neuromuscular block has not been reported to be associated with the provided doses of sugammadex that are adequate for selected for reversal. Acceptable profiles are brought to light telling safety of sugammadex. However, some questions related to the twitch characteristics those resembled succinylcholine when reversal, the application for rocuronium anaphylaxis, and the hypersensitivity or anaphylaxis to sugammadex remain and are need of further investigation. It is imperative that potential problems that we need attention may include the patient's history of pulmonary disease and allergic disease for using sugammadex.

Anesthetic management of a patient with CADASIL syndrome: A case report

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a rare but the most common genetic cause of ischemic strokes. Very little is known about perioperative implications of this syndrome. We present a case of anesthesia for a patient with CADASIL, considering protection from further cerebral ischemia.