RESUMO
Antitumor drugs have the characteristics of low therapeutic index, narrow safety window, and so on, which are prone to have toxic and side effects in the course of clinical therapy, thus limiting their use. In recent years, some studies have pointed out that the mechanism of adverse reactions of antitumor drugs is related to drug metabolism enzymes, receptors and transporters. Among them, drug metabolism enzymes and their gene polymorphisms play an important role in the toxic and side effects of antitumor drugs. In this paper, we analyze and summarize the side effects of antitumor drugs mediated by drug metabolism enzymes, mainly from the aspects of the roles of metabolic enzymes and their gene polymorphism in the metabolic activation and metabolic detoxification of antitumor drugs, in order to effectively avoid or reduce the toxic side effects of antitumor drugs, and to provide a reference for individualized treatment of cancer.
RESUMO
Differences of the individual toxic effects of antitumor drugs have been a concern in clinical treatment of cancers. The drug toxicity was not only related to the age, sex, and drug interactions, but also to the expression of protein involved in the metabolism, targets and transporters of drugs. Drug transporter mediates the absorption, distribution and elimination of some drugs, which exhibits a great significance in pharmacology and clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to provide information regarding trans-porter-medicated toxic effects of antitumor drugs in order to reduce or avoid the transporter-medicated toxic effects, and to promote reasonable drug use and individualized application of antitumor drugs in clinics.