Sarcopenic obesity can be negatively associated with active physical activity and adequate intake of some nutrients in Korean elderly: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011)

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors related to sarcopenic obesity among the elderly in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,367 elderly (≥ 65 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011) were included in this analysis. The subjects were assessed to determine their sarcopenia and obesity status. Sarcopenia was assessed by determining their appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). Obesity was defined by the waist circumference. An association of sarcopenic obesity and the related factors was analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: The risk of sarcopenic obesity of the subjects was decreased by active physical activity. After adjusting for age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the risk of sarcopenic obesity in men of the highest level group (Q4) decreased by 45% (OR = 0.550, 95% CI = 0.334–0.905, P trend 0.018) compared to that in the reference group (Q1). Among the women, the risk of sarcopenic obesity in the Q3 and Q4 groups decreased by 29.0% (OR = 0.710, 95% CI = 0.512–0,984) and 56.7% (OR = 0.433, 95% CI = 0.281–0.668), respectively, compared to that in the Q1 group (P trend < 0.001). The mean daily energy intake was higher in the non-sarcopenia group than in the sarcopenia group. The risk of sarcopenic obesity in subjects not meeting the recommended intakes of energy, riboflavin, and vitamin C increased significantly by 25.4%, and 36.6%, and 32.6%, respectively, compared to that in the subjects meeting the recommended nutrient intake. CONCLUSION: Active physical activity as well as an adequate intake of energy and some vitamins might be negatively associated with the development of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the elderly.

A Case of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborm due to Anti - Dib Antibody

The Diego blood group system consists of two pairs of antigens, Dia and Dib The incidence of Dia is low among pure Caucasian, Blacks, Polynesian and Eskimo, however, the rnongolians and American indians have both Dia and Dib. We report a case of two days old male who was admitted on first day of life for jaundice and subsquently exchange transfusion was performed on second day of life for bilirubin of 20 mg/dl. The blood groups of patient and his mother were both Rh D positive 0 type. Direct and indirect Coombstest were strong positive in the patient and indirect Coombstest was positive in his mother. We found anti-Dib antibody in his rnother's serum. The phenotype of Diego blood group system of the patient and his mother were Di (a+b+) and Di (a+b- ), respectively and hemolytic anemia in this case was due to anti-Dib antibody.

A Study of Reliability of Tympanic Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Thermometer ( Home Model ) in Neonates

PURPOSE: Taking an accurate and rapid body temperature can give a valuable information when taking care of neonates. The purpose of this study is to compare the reliability of taking rapid and less complicated means of measuring body temperature at tympanic membrane by infrared tympanic thermometer(Thermoscan IRT 1020, type 60005711, home model) with the standard method of taking body temperature at axilla and rectum by mercury thermometer. METHODS: Simultaneous rneasurements of tympanic membrane and axillary temperatures were taken followed by rectal temperatures within 5 minutes by 2 different investigators from 107 term infants One investigator measured tympanic membrane temperature by infrared tyrnpanic thermometer for 3 times and took the highest temperature as a final measurement and the other investigator took the axillary temperature for at least 5 minutes and rectal temperature for at least 2 minutes on each patient. RESULTS: Total of 107 term infants including 57 males and 50 females were subjects, The average body temperatures were 36.7+/-0.3degree, 37.0+/-0.4degree, 36.6+/-0.3degree for axillary, reactal and tympanic membrane, respectively. The correlation coefficients between axillary, rectal and tympanic temperature measurements were high at r=0.746- 0.804 and were statistically significant at P<0.001. CONCLUSION: We have shown from this study that taking tympanic membrane temperature can be used as an altemative and reliable means of taking body temperature in place of taking axillary and rectal temperature in neonates.

The Usefulness of Pulmonary Function Test as Successful Weaning Index in Very Low Birth Weight Infants with Chronic Lung Disease

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of pulmonary function test for the prediction of successful weaning and extubation from the ventilator in very low birth weight(VLBW) infants with chronic lung disease. METHODS: This study included 15 VLBW infants(<1,500 g) with chronic lung disease who were admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Samsung Medical Center from July, 1995 to June, 1996. They had extubation failure more than one time. This study was performed by reviewing of patients records retrospectively. The extubation criteria were based on clinical status, ABGA profiles and ventilatory parameters. At the time of last extubation failure and final success, we analyzed the distribution of age and weight of infants, ventilator profiles, ABGA profiles, dynamic and static pulmonary function test profiles measured by Bicore CP-100R from the infant with ventilator assistance daily in line monitoring. The paired T-test and linear logistic regression analysis were used to compare the variables between the evets of extubation failure and success. RESULTS: At the time of successful extubation, expiratory airway resistance was significantly lower and minute volume was significantly higher in dynamic pulmonary function test and respiratory system resistance was significantly lower in static pulmonary function test(P<0.05). In ventilator parameter, Fi02 and respiratory rate were lower at successful extubation(P<0.05). No statistically significant differences in ABGA profiles were seen between unsuccessful and successful extubation. CONCLUSION: The pulmonary function test is a useful predictor for successful weaning and extubation in VLBW infants with chronic lung disease. Among various parameters of pulmonary function test, expiratory airway resistance, minute ventilation and respiratory system resistance are suggested as successful weaning parameters.

Two Cases of Rupture of the Sinuses of Valsalva

Rupture of the sinuses of Valsalva is not common in childhood. It is frequently associated with other heart disease, most commonly with VSD. It is classified into four types, anatomically. The symptoms are differentiated as acute, gradual progression, and unruptured aneurysm. We experienced 2 cases of rupture of the sinuses of Valsala, which were corrected completely after operation. The patients were 14 year old boy with his chief complaint of dyspnea and chest pain, and an 11 year old girl with chief complaint of exertional dyspnea.