Effect analysis of pharmacist intervention in perioperative prophylactic application of antibiotics / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To investigate the efficacy of pharmacist intervention in perioperative prophylactic application of antibiotics.@*Methods@#From August 2017 to August 2018, 148 cases received surgery in Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital were selected, using odd-even grouping method, the patients were divided into two groups, with 74 cases in each group.The control group used antibacterial drugs without pharmacists intervention, the observation group used antibacterial drugs through pharmacists intervention.The use of antimicrobial agents was compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The duration of prophylactic medication, the duration of hospitalization in the observation group were (2.59±0.24)d, (8.47±0.83)d, respectively, which in the control group were (3.76±0.36)d, (10.74±1.32)d, respectively, the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=23.262, 12.523, all P<0.01). The total cost of antibacterial drugs and the total drug cost in the observation group were (778.62±76.35)CNY, (3 036.75±302.11)CNY, respectively, which in the control group were (1 063.26±105.32)CNY, (4 698.64±1 452.28)CNY, respectively, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=18.823, 9.638, all P<0.01). The antibacterial drug use satisfaction of the observation group was 97.30%(72/74), which of the control group was 74.32%(55/74), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2=16.038, P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The rational use of antibiotics can be promoted by pharmacist intervention in perioperative prophylaxis patients.

Effect analysis of pharmacist intervention in perioperative prophylactic application of antibiotics / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the efficacy of pharmacist intervention in perioperative prophylactic application of antibiotics.Methods From August 2017 to August 2018,148 cases received surgery in Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital were selected ,using odd －even grouping method,the patients were divided into two groups ,with 74 cases in each group.The control group used antibacterial drugs without pharmacists intervention ,the observation group used antibacterial drugs through pharmacists intervention.The use of antimicrobial agents was compared between the two groups.Results The duration of prophylactic medication ,the duration of hospitalization in the observation group were (2.59 ±0.24)d,(8.47 ±0.83)d,respectively,which in the control group were (3.76 ±0.36)d,(10.74 ± 1.32)d,respectively,the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t＝23.262,12.523,all P＜0.01 ).The total cost of antibacterial drugs and the total drug cost in the observation group were (778.62 ± 76.35)CNY,(3 036.75 ±302.11)CNY,respectively,which in the control group were (1 063.26 ±105.32) CNY, (4 698.64 ±1 452.28) CNY,respectively,and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t＝18.823,9.638,all P ＜0.01).The antibacterial drug use satisfaction of the observation group was 97.30%(72／74),which of the control group was 74.32%(55／74),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ2 ＝16.038,P＜0.01).Conclusion The rational use of antibiotics can be promoted by pharmacist intervention in perioperative prophylaxis patients.

Screening of Reference Genes for Real-time Fluorescence Quantitative PCR in Amomum villosum Lour / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To identify the reliable reference genes for gene expression analysis of the pericarp and seed of Amomum villosum Lour. by using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( qRT-PCR). Methods Using the fruits ( separated into peels and seeds) of A. villosum at three different developmental periods as the experimental material, 5 candidate reference genes (β-actin, EF-1α, GAPDH, PGK, TUA) with steady expression were screened out by the high throughout sequencing of transcriptome and expression profile data. The qRT-PCR technique was applied to study the expression levels of 5 candidate reference genes in different samples. The stability of the candidate reference genes were evaluated by GeNorm and NormFinder software. Results The 5 reference genes had different stabilities in the pericarp and seed of A. villosum Lour. at different development periods . The order of the steadiness of reference genes showed by GeNorm was EF-1α = TUA>PGK>GAPDH>β-actin. The results of NormFinder revealed that EF-1α was the most stable, followed by TUA, and the order of the other three genes was as same as the results of GeNorm. Conclusion EF-1αand TUA could be used as double reference genes for the normalization of gene expression in A. villosum fruits at different developmental periods by using qRT-PCR.

Overexpression of HMGR and DXR from Amomum villosum Lour . Affects the Biosynthesis of Terpenoids in Tobacco / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

HMGR and DXR are key enzymes of terpenoids biosynthesis pathway. This study was aimed to discuss the effects of overexpression of HMGR and DXR from A momum villosum Lour. on the biosynthesis of terpenoids in transgenic tobacco. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the expression level of AvHMGR and AvDXR. Then, enzyme activities of HMGR and DXR were determined by spectrometer using the substrate-specific method. Different terpenoids were detected by GC-MS. The results showed that individual overex-pression of HMGR/DXR can inhibit the enzyme activities of HMGR and DXR but promote the biosynthesis of men-thene, neophytediene, cembrenene and sterol. The co-overexpression of HMGR and DXR had different enzyme activ-ities and can promote the biosynthesis of sterol and phytol, but inhibit the biosynthesis of neophytadiene. It was con-cluded that the overexpression of HMGR and DXR had diverse effects when regulating the biosynthesis of different terpenoids. This study provided the basis for using A vHMGR and A vDXR to regulate the metabolism of terpenoids.

Methyl Jasmonate Affects Metabolism and Gene Transcription of Volatile Terpenoids from Amomum villosum Lour / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to reveal the effects and molecular regulation mechanism of methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) on volatile terpenoids from Amomum villosum Lour. After the leaves and fruits of A momum villosum Lour. were treated with different concentrations of MeJA, the volatile terpenoids of fresh fruits from A . villosum Lour. were ex-tracted with microwave method and analyzed by GC-MS. Then, leaves and fruits treated with MeJA were sequenced by Illumina. The transcriptome data was analyzed by bioinformatic methods. The results showed that there were 20 and 33 volatile terpenoids detected in peels and seed groups, respectively. Contents of volatile terpenoids in peels and seed groups were both improved after 600 μmol·L-1 MeJA treating fruits for 24 h, such as bornyl acetate, cam-phor, borneol, and etc. While 200 μmol·L-1 MeJA treating different parts for 24 h can regulate the biosynthesis of some volatile terpenoids in peels differently. And 200 μmol·L-1 MeJA treating fruits can improve the content of ma-jor volatile terpenoids in seed groups. A total of 68 168 unigenes were obtained with de novo assembly, and 48 627 unigenes were annotated after comparison with public protein databases. Analysis of functional annotation against KEGG database showed that there were 208 unigenes closely related with metabolism of volatile terpenoids and 22 u-nigenes related with MYC2 transcription factors. It was concluded that MeJA can effectively regulate the metabolism of volatile terpenoids from A . villosum Lour. There were a lot of candidate genes related with the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids obtained by analyzing the transcriptome data which also provided a large amount of data for the discovery and regulation of functional genes related with the biosynthesis of volatile terpenoids from A . villosum Lour.

Dynamic Study on Soluble Sugar Accumulation and Sucrose Metabolizing Enzyme Activities During Fruit Development of Amomum villosum Lour / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to discuss the dynamic variation of soluble sugar contents, sucrose metabolizing en-zyme activities and gene expression quantities during the fruits development of A momum villosum, in order to pro-vide the basis of improvement of the fruit yield. Fresh fruits at three different development processes (30 DAF, 60 DAF, 90 DAF) were used to investigate changes of soluble sugar components and sucrose metabolizing enzyme activ-ities by HPLC and UV spectrophotometry. Combining with the high-throughput sequencing expression profile data of three fruit development period, the trends of three key enzymes gene expressed in sugar metabolism were analyzed. The results showed that the fruit sugar components were dominated by fructose, glucose and sucrose. The concentra-tion of hexose (fructose and glucose) gradually decreased in peel. But in seeds the concentration of hexose decreased at first and then increased. The content of sucrose and the net activities of sucrose synthase (synthesizing direction minus decomposing direction) in peel and seeds were gradually increased. The expression trends of key enzyme gene in sugar metabolism examined by RNA-seq quantification showed that sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose syn-thase gene increased and then kept constant, but the invertase gene expression trend was gradually rising. Conse-quently, sucrose synthase was the key enzyme catalyzing sucrose synthesis and decomposition. The activity of sucrose synthase and sucrose contents in peel and seeds reached the highest peak in the end of fruit mature.

"Opinions on a New Cross-discipline ""Biological Chemistry of Chinese Herbal Germplasm Resources""" / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Biological chemistry of Chinese herbal germplasm resources (BCCHGR) is a new cross-discipline formed from rapid development of modern science and technology and its application in the area of Chinese herbal resources. BCCHGR was defined as probing and understanding biological processes like heredity, gene transcription, expression and metabolism of Chinese herbal germplasm, at the interface of biochemistry, molecular biology and chemistry, elu-cidating the nature of Chinese herbal germplasm using as TCM medicine as well as the forming mechanism thereof. In this paper, the scientific background, definition, significance and contents of BCCHGR were discussed to depict a preliminary picture of BCCHGR and arouse popular consideration and discussions.

Investigation of Morphological Features of Flowers and Fruits in Different Cultivars of Amomum villosum Lour. from Genuine Producing Areas / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective An investigation of new cultivars of Amomum villosum Lour.(AVL) with high yield and good quality was carried out,thus to supply evidences for the identification of AVL cultivars in accordance with the morphological features of their flowers and fruits.Methods An investigation of AVL species from the genuine producing areas of Yangchun city of Guangdong province was performed.The morphological features of flowers and fruits of two cultivars(Changguo and Yuanguo) as well as one breeding type(Chunxuan type) were examined.Results Specific and significant features were screened out in different cultivars of AVL.Conclusion There exit specific features in flowers and fruits of different cultivars of AVL from Yangchun.

DNA Extraction Method Research for DNA Bar Code Analysis of Chinese Medicinal Materials / 中药新药与临床药理

Objective To establish a DNA extraction method for DNA barcoding analysis of Chinese medicinal materials.Methods Seven different DNA extraction methods were used to extract DNA from 6 medicinal recalcitrant plants which are rich in secondary metabolites.Results CTAB method 3 was fast,simple,universal and effective,by which a high DNA concentration and qualified ratio were obtained as compared with the other methods.The DNA extracted by this method could provide good results for DNA barcoding analysis.The main improved steps of this methods were as follows:①adoption of 3 %CTAB rather than 2 %CTAB in the exaction;②adding 1 %polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) and 0.2 %?-mercaptoethnoal in extraction solution to remove secondary metabolites and to prevent DNA degradation;③centrifuge at 10000 r/min for 15 min to remove protein and impurity.Conclusion CTAB method 3 is a proper method of DNA extraction for DNA barcoding analysis of Chinese medicinal materials.

Molecular Identification of Amomum villosum Lour.Based on Sequence Analysis of 26S rDNA D1-D3 Region and matK Gene / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To establish a molecular identification method for three cultivars of Amomum villosum Lour.(AVL),thus to provide scientific evidence for the identification,selection and breeding of AVL.Methods The fragments of 26S rDNA D1-D3 region and matK gene of three cultivars of AVL and Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and with corresponding primers,and then their sequences were analyzed,and phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequences.Results We obtained 739 bp in 26S rDNA D1-D3 sequence.Differences in 4 basic sites of 739 bp were shown between AVL and Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu.The two cultivars of AVL,Changguo and Yuanguo,had the same sequence,but there was a difference in one basic site of Changguo and Yuanguo from Chunxuan.The phylogenetic tree based on 26S rDNA D1-D3 sequence revealed the difference between Chunxuan and the other two cultivars of AVL.We also obtained 824 bp in matK gene sequence.The three cultivars of AVL showed the consistent sequence,but there was a difference in one basic site of three cultivars of AVL from Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu.Conclusion We can identify the three cultivars of AVL through the sequence differences at the molecular level,and Chunxuan has a closer genetic relationship with Amomum longiligulare T.L.Wu.