Simultaneous Determination of 11 Active Components in Yuhuai Tablets by HPLC-QAMS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the method for simultaneous determination of 11 active components in Yuhuai tablets ， such as gardoside ，shanzhiside，gardenoside，genipin 1-gentiobioside，geniposide，ziyuglycoside Ⅰ ，ziyuglycoside Ⅱ ，narirutin， naringin，hesperidin and neohesperidin. METHODS ：HPLC-QAMS method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent TC-C 18column（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile （A）-0.1％ phosphoric acid solution （B） （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The detection wavelengths were set at 238 nm for gardoside ，shanzhiside，gardenoside，genipin 1-gentiobioside and geniposide ，203 nm for ziyuglycoside Ⅰ and ziyuglycoside Ⅱ，and 283 nm for narirutin ，naringin，hesperidin and neohesperidin. Using geniposide as an internal reference ，the relative correction factors of other 10 components relative to this component were calculated ，and the contents of each component in 10 batches of samples were calculated. The results obtained by HPLC-QAMS method were compared with those obtained by external standard method. RESULTS ：The linear ranges of gardoside ，shanzhiside，gardenoside，genipin 1-gentiobioside，geniposide， ziyuglycoside Ⅰ，ziyuglycoside Ⅱ，narirutin，naringin，hesperidin and neohesperidin were 0.87-43.50，1.99-99.50，4.06-203.00， 7.35-367.50，12.97-648.50，28.98-1 449.00，3.79-189.50，1.57-78.50，18.05-902.50，0.66-33.00 and 14.38-719.00 μg/mL（all r＞0.999 0）. RSDs of precision ，repeatability and stability （24 h）tests were all less than 2％（n＝6）. The average recoveries were 96.90％-100.10％，and RSDs were 0.67％-1.74％（n＝9）. E-mail：289931673@qq.com There was no significant difference in the contents of 10 active components as gardoside between HPLC -QAMS method and external standard method in 10 batches of Yuhuai tablets （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The HPLC-QMAS method established in this study is convenient and accurate. It can be used for the simultaneous determination of gardoside ，shanzhiside，gardenoside，genipin 1-gentiobioside，geniposide，ziyuglycoside Ⅰ，ziyuglycoside Ⅱ，narirutin，naringin，hesperidin and neohesperidin in Yuhuai tablets.

Application of 70 kVp tube voltage combined with the FLASH in low-dose CT of pediatric paranasal sinus / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of dual-source low-dose computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinus in children, with acquisition at an ultra-low tube voltage (70 kVp) combined with the Flash scan. Methods CT scans of the paranasal sinus were performed on 80 pediatric patients who were divided into two groups according to different protocols (70 kVp protocol with Flash scan mode and the iterative reconstruction, pitch 3, the experimental group (group A), n = 40; 80 kVp protocol with conventional spiral mode, pitch 1.5, control group (group B), n = 40). For each examination, the CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED) were estimated. The image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and overall subjective diagnostic image quality were also evaluated. Results The images of these two groups were all satisfied for the clinical diagnosis. For radiation dose, the CTDIvol (mGy), DLP (mGycm) and ED (mSv) values of the 70 kVp protocol were significantly lower than those of the 80 kVp protocol [CTDIvol: 0.39 ± 0.004 vs1.57 ± 0.009 mGy, P < 0.001; DLP: 6.31 ± 0.52 vs 19.88 ± 2.01 mGycm, P < 0.001; ED: 0.024 ± 0.005 vs 0.079 ± 0.016 mSv, P < 0.001. Compared with those of the 80-kVp protocol, the image noise and the SNRbone increased, the SNRsoft-tissue decreased. There was no statistical difference in the subjective scores of the two groups of image quality by the two physicians (P > 0.05). Conclusion When diagnosing the paranasal sinus in children, an ultralow tube voltage (70 kVp) combined with the Flash scan technique can reduce the radiation dose significantly while maintaining diagnostic image quality with clinically acceptable image noise.

Construction and function of a root-specific promoter SRSP / 生物工程学报

The responsibility of root is absorbing water and nutrients, it is an important plant tissue, but easily to be affected by biotic and abiotic stresses, affecting crop growth and yield. The design of a synthetic root-specific promoter provides candidate promoters for the functional analysis and efficient expression of stress-related genes in crop roots. In this study, a synthetic root-specific module (pro-SRS) was designed using tandem four-copies of root specific cis-acting elements (OSE1ROOTNODULE, OSE2ROOTNODULE, SP8BFIBSP8AIB, and ROOTMOTIFAPOX1), and fused with minimal promoter from the CaMV 35S promoter to synthesize an artificially synthetic SRSP promoter. The SRSP promoter was cloned in pCAMBIA2300.1 by replacing CaMV 35S promoter so as to drive GUS expression. The constructs with SRSP promoter were transformed in tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated method. SRSP promoter conferred root-specific expression in transgenic tobacco plants through Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analysis and GUS histochemical staining analysis. It is indicated that the repeated arrangement of cis-acting elements can realize the expected function of the promoter. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the rational design of tissue-specific promoters.

Study of Clinical and Genetic Risk Factors for Aspirin-induced Gastric Mucosal Injury / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Current knowledge about clinical and genetic risk factors for aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury is not sufficient to prevent these gastric mucosal lesions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We recruited aspirin takers as the exposed group and healthy volunteers as the control group. The exposed group was categorized into two subgroups such as subgroup A as gastric mucosal injury diagnosed by gastroscopy, including erosion, ulcer or bleeding of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum; subgroup B as no injury of the gastric mucosa was detected by gastroscopy. Clinical information was collected, and 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among 385 participants, 234 were in the aspirin-exposed group. According to gastroscopy, 82 belonged to subgroup A, 91 belonged to subgroup B, and gastroscopic results of 61 participants were not available. Using the Chi-square test and logistic regression, we found that peptic ulcer history (odds ratio [OR] = 5.924, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 2.115-16.592), dual anti-platelet medication (OR = 3.443, 95% CI: 1.154-10.271), current Helicobacter pylori infection (OR = 2.242, 95% CI: 1.032-4.870), male gender (OR = 2.211, 95% CI: 1.027-4.760), GG genotype of rs2243086 (OR = 4.516, 95% CI: 1.180-17.278), and AA genotype of rs1330344 (OR = 2.178, 95% CI: 1.016-4.669) were more frequent in subgroup A than subgroup B. In aspirin users who suffered from upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the frequency of the TT genotype of rs2238631 and TT genotype of rs2243100 was higher than in those without upper gastrointestinal bleeding.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Peptic ulcer history, dual anti-platelet medication, H. pylori current infection, and male gender were possible clinical risk factors for aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury. GG genotype of rs2243086 and AA genotype of rs1330344 were possible genetic risk factors. TT genotype of rs2238631 and TT genotype of rs2243100 may be risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in aspirin users.</p>

Role of Toll-like receptor 7 in the production of inflammatory cytokines in EV-A71-infected human Jurkat T cells / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNA in enterovirus 71(EV-A71) infected human Jurkat T cells and clarify the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of EV-A71 infection-induced inflammation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>EV-A71 strains were isolated from feces of children patients with hand, foot and mouth disease in 2014 by Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Human Jurkat T cells were infected with 200 μl EV-A71 at 10(3) cell culture infective dose 50%(CCID50)/ml. The expression of TLR1-TLR10 mRNA in human Jurkat T cells was assessed at different exposure time by RT-PCR. Levels of TLR7 mRNA expression were detected by real-time PCR, and levels of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) by western blot. The cytokine secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) was analyzed by ELISA assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative expression level of TLR7 mRNA in human Jurkat T cells were 1.26 ± 0.15, 1.75 ± 0.20, 2.26 ± 0.23 and 3.74 ± 0.62 in 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after EV-A71 infection, which the differences were significant with mock-infected group(t values were -2.96, -6.38, -9.57, -7.71; P<0.05). Western blot showed that the protein expression levels of MyD88 had increased 1.34 times and 2.17 times in 24 h and 48 h after EV-A71 infection compared with mock-infected group. After infected for 24 h and 48 h, the levels of IL-6 were (302.86 ± 38.11), (179.70 ± 14.50) pg/ml, which were significantly higher than mock-infected group (176.42 ± 9.60), (179.70 ± 14.50) pg/ml (t values were -5.57, -18.54, P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α in EV-A71 infected group (100.81 ± 9.81) pg/ml was higher than that in mock-infected group (56.19 ± 6.94) pg/ml, and the difference was significant (t=-6.43, P=0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TLR7 is the main pattern recognition receptor responsible for EV-A71 recognition in immune cells, which then leads to the activation of TLR7 downstream signaling and the production of proinflammatory cytokines.</p>

Effects of compound whole grain-soybean on insulin resistance and serum adipocytokines in impared fasting glucose population / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of compound whole grain-soybean on insulin resistance and serum adipocytokines levels in impared fasting glucose population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 163 cases of impared fasting glucose (IFG) Chinese Han population from the age of 40 to 75 years old, were screened from 12 community health centers of three main districts of Nanjing city by the multi-stage cluster and simple randomization method from March to September, 2008. The IFG subjects were randomly divided into the intervention group (87 individuals) and control group (76 individuals) by quasi-experimental design. The intervention group was provided with compound whole grain-soybean and health education, while only health education was provided for the control group. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adipocytokines including leptin, lipocalin 2 (LCN-2) and adiponectin (ADP) levels were measured before and after the half a year intervention period. Chi square test was used to analyze the distribution differences. Two-sample t-test was used to compare the differences of the two groups before and after the half a year intervention period, and paired t-test was used to compare the differences between before and after intervention in the intervention group or control group. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the differences of all indexes between after and before dietary intervention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After dietary intervention for half a year on the IFG population, BMI ((24.87 ± 3.69) kg/m(2)), FBG((6.27 ± 0.24) mmol/L), FINS((7.14 ± 1.05) mU/L) , HOMA-IR (1.99 ± 0.31), leptin ((13.07 ± 2.22) µg /L), LCN-2 ((67.42 ± 18.20) µg/L) of intervention group were decreased significantly compared to the levels of BMI ((25.16 ± 4.07) kg/m(2)), FBG((6.40 ± 0.28) mmol/L), FINS ((7.32 ± 1.54) mU/L), HOMA-IR (2.08 ± 0.45), leptin ((13.43 ± 2.52) µg/L), LCN-2((74.87 ± 17.81) µg/L) before dietary intervention, t values were 4.48, 7.08, 2.05, 3.39, 3.28 and 6.36, respectively, and all P values were < 0.05, while ADP ((5.07 ± 1.51) mg/L) of intervention group after dietary intervention was increased significantly compared to the level of ADP ((4.92 ± 1.53) mg/L) before dietary intervention, t = -2.47 and P < 0.05. The medians (P25, P 75) of differences after and before dietary intervention in the intervention group were BMI (-0.25(-0.68, 0.02) kg/m(2)), FBG (-0.08 (-0.20, 0.00) mmol/L), FINS (-0.15(-0.32, 0.00) mU/L), HOMA-IR (-0.07(-0.12, -0.03)), leptin (-0.36(-0.77, 0.12) µg/L), LCN-2 (-5.85(-14.29, -0.71) µg/L) and ADP (0.15(-0.13, 0.36) mg/L), and the medians of differences of after and before dietary intervention in the control group were BMI (0.00(-0.23, 0.29) kg/m(2)), FBG (0.00(-0.03, 0.04) mmol/L), FINS (-0.01(-0.13, 0.04) mU/L), HOMA-IR (-0.01(-0.05, 0.02)), leptin (-0.07 (-0.57, 0.46) µg/L), LCN-2 (-0.85(-5.39, 1.63) µg/L) and ADP (0.02(-0.19, 0.13) mg/L). There were significantly statistical differences between them (Z values were -3.65, -4.88, -3.08, -5.23, -2.16, -4.43 and 3.05, all P values were <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Dietary intervention of compound whole grain-soybean can improves glucose level, increase insulin sensitivity and ameliorate insulin resistance state of IFG population.</p>

Influences of compound whole grain on oxidative stress to hyperlipidemia population / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of compound whole grain complex antioxidant chain on oxidative stress to the hyperlipidemia population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March 2008 to March 2009, 418 hyperlipemia residents (45 to 75 years of age) of Han group were screened from 3 main districts in Nanjing, according to the community, blood lipids and oxidative indicators, stratified into intervention and control group by quasi-experimental design. The intervention group (212 individuals) were provided with compound whole grain and health education while only health education was provided for the control group (206 individuals). Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and oxidative indicators (including T-AOC, MDA, SOD, GSH-Px) were measured before and after the one-year intervention period. Analyses of the correlation between posture, biochemical markers and oxidative stress indicators before and after intervention were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After intervention, BMI ((25.53 ± 2.77) kg/m(2)), WHR (0.82 ± 0.03), TC ((4.60 ± 0.98) mmol/L), TG ((1.26 ± 0.88) mmol/L) in the intervention group were decreased significantly compared to the levels of BMI ((26.60 ± 3.18) kg/m(2)), WHR (0.93 ± 0.05), TC ((4.97 ± 1.02) mmol/L), TG ((1.98 ± 1.11) mmol/L) in the control group (all P values < 0.05); while HDL-C ((1.34 ± 0.26) mmol/L) in the intervention group was increased significantly compared to the level of HDL-C ((1.18 ± 0.17) mmol/L) in the control group (P < 0.05); After intervention, levels of T-AOC (19.52 ± 0.81), SOD ((85.42 ± 21.65) U/ml) and GSH-Px ((128.26 ± 33.65) µmol/L) were increased significantly compared to the levels of T-AOC (11.11 ± 1.30), SOD ((78.68 ± 30.48) U/ml) and GSH-Px ((118.48 ± 24.19) µmol/L) in the control group (all P values < 0.05); while MDA ((1.78 ± 1.16) nmol/ml) decreased significantly compared to the level of MDA ((2.12 ± 1.37) nmol/ml in the control group (P < 0.05); Pearson product moment correlation analysis showed that: T-AOC with TC, TG, BMI showed a negative correlation (r values were -0.258, -0.266, -0.230, respectively, all P values < 0.05), while with HDL-C was a positive correlation (r values was 0.194, P < 0.05); SOD with TC, TG, BMI showed a negative correlation (r values were -0.282, -0.311, -0.217, respectively, all P values < 0.05), while with HDL-C was a positive correlation (r values was 0.169, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound whole grain could improve lipid metabolism to the hyperlipidemia population. There was a correlation between common human metabolism and the levels of oxidative stress.</p>

Application of paclitaxel during trabeculectomy and its anti-proliferative effects / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The filtering surgery is the main method of treating glaucoma.Fibrosis of filtering bleb is a key cause of failure of operation.The study about application of anti-scaring drug in filtering surgery is a hotspot.Objective Present study was to investigate the anti-scaring effect of paclitaxel aher trabeculectomy.Methods Thirty-two adult clean domestic rabbits underwent standardized trabeculectomy and randomly divided into 4 groups.Normal saline solution was used beneath the scleral flap during trabeculectomy for 3 minutes in 16 eyes of 8 rabbits as controls.0.3 g/L mitomycin C,0.2 g/L paclitaxel or 0.3 g/L paclitaxel was administered at the same way respectively in other 3 groups.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured,and eye numbers with function blebs were compared among 4 groups at the 4th,7th,14th and 28th day after surgery.The opening of filtration tunnel and the number of inflammatory cells were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining,and proliferation of new collagen fibers was evaluated by Masson trichrome method.This study complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission(version 1988). Results No significant differences were found in the change of lOP among 4 groups before operation(F=0.54,P=0.83)and the 4th day aher operation(F=0.57,P=0.87).The IOP value was statistically lower in 0.3 g/L mitomycin C group,0.2 g/L paclitaxel group and 0.3 s/L paelitaxel group than the normal saline solution group(P＜0.05)with the lowest value in 0.3 s/L paclitaxel group in 7,14,28 days after operation(P＜0.05).Functional filtering bleb was seen in all the rabbit eyes in the 4th day after operation.In 7,14,28 days after operation,the number of eyes with functional bleb wag evidently more in 0.3 g/L mitomycin C group,0.2 g/L paclitaxel group and 0.3 g/L paclitaxel group compared with normal saline group(P＜0.05).The histological examination showed that the infiltration of inflammatory cells in filtering tunnel was much more obvious in normal saline solution group than the other groups with the most mild response in 0.3 g/L paclitaxel group.Masson trichrome revealed that proliferation of new collagen fibers in 0.3 g/L paclitaxel group was significantly decreased in comparison with those in other three groups at the 4th,7th,14th and 28th day after surgery(all P＜0.05). Conclusion Paclitaxel can inhibit the inflammatory response and collagen fibrosis and therefore open the filtering tunnel after it be used topically during the glaucoma trabeculectomy.

Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Helicobacter pylori-infected Gastric Cancer and Its Effect on the Invasion and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To analyze the effect of cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2）on the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer with Helicobacter pylori（H.pylori）infection.Methods A total of 60 gastric cancer specimens were included in this study.H.pylori infection was deter-mined by improved Giemsa method and the expression of COX-2 was examined by immunohistochemistry.The correlation between H.pylori infection and the clinical pathological features of gastric cancer was analyzed.Results H.pylori infection was detectable in 36 of 60 cases（60.0%）,and correlated with the staging（χ2=28.040,P =0.000）and lymph node metastasis（χ2=25.482,P =0.000）,but not with the age,sex of patients or histological types.H.pylori infection also significantly linked to the expression of COX-2（χ2=24.326,P 〈 0.001）.Con-clusion H.pylori infection may promote the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer by increasing the expression of COX-2.

Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with posthepatitis-B cirrhosis / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To determine serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor level in patients with posthepatitis B liver cirrhosis.Methods Serum sIL 2R was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum sIL 2R was significantly higher in patients with posthepatitis B cirrhosis than that in controls(P