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Objective:To evaluate the accuracy of an ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system for percutaneous facet joint puncture in an animal experiment by registration of ultrasound images and two-dimensional X-ray fluorescence images.Methods:Six specimens of fresh adult sheep lumbar spine were prepared and soaked in gelatin solution. The specimens contained a total of 48 facet joints with 24 ones respectively on the left and right sides. Half of the joints were assigned by the random number table method into a robot-assisted group which were subjected to percutaneous facet joint puncture assisted by the ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system while the contralateral ones into a freehand group which were subjected to percutaneous facet joint puncture by freehand. In the robot-assisted group, the left facet joints were 3 L 1, 3 L 2, 3 L 3 and 3 L 4 ones while the right facet joints were 2 L 1, 3 L 2, 5 L 3 and 2 L 4 ones. In this self-control animal experiment, both the robot-assisted punctures and the freehand punctures were carried out in the same specimen. The puncture success rate, puncture needle adjustment, positioning deviation, orientation deviation and operation time were recorded. Results:The positioning deviation and orientation deviation in the robot-assisted group [(2.21 ± 1.12) mm and 1.51° ± 0.47°] were significantly lower than those in the freehand group [(3.26 ± 1.44) mm and 2.24° ± 0.89°] ( P < 0.05). All the articular facet joint punctures were successfully accomplished for the first time in the robot-assisted group while those required multiple adjustments in the freehand group. In the robot-assisted group, the total operation time [(463.84 ± 34.93) s] was significantly longer than that in the freehand group [(298.40 ± 27.48) s], but the puncture time [(37.97 ± 6.87) s] was significantly shorter than that in the freehand group [(261.61 ± 33.15) s] ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The ultrasound-guided robot-assisted system for percutaneous facet joint puncture can lead to accurate puncture with limited needle adjustments.
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With the rapid development of multimedia teaching, this article is to declear the necessity of traditional blackboard in the teaching of medical genetics. Multimedia is not a versatile teaching model, and the weakness of the traditional teaching method are increasingly prominent. This article mainly discusses that how blackboard teaching effectively makes up for the deficiencies of multimedia teaching, from the four parts including the integrity of knowledge system, deductive teaching, teaching flexibility and the interaction between teacher and student. Therefore, the traditional blackboard teaching advantages and is very important in the teaching of medical genetics. The reasonable combination of the two teaching methods will sufficiently improve the effectiveness of classroom teaching.
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Objective To compare the effectiveness,indications and side effect between microplasma technology (MPT) and 2940 nm Er ∶ YAG laser for treatment of burn scar.Methods 265 patients with hypertrophic scar were treated with MPT (MPT group,N=136) and Er ∶ YAG laser (Er ∶ YAG laser group,N=129).The patients were treated 2-6 times.Results The significant response rate was 73.52 ％ and 44.95 ％ in MPT group and Er ∶ YAG laser group; the cure rate was 28.67 ％ and 15.50 ％ in MPT group and Er ∶ YAG group,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05).For moderate burn scar patients (93 cases),the significant response rate was 62.79 ％ and 10.00 ％ in MPT group and Er ∶ YAG laser group,respectively.There was significant difference between two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusions MPT and Er ∶ YAG laser has been proven to be effective and safe for the treatment of burn scar.The effectiveness of MPT is superior to Er ∶ YAG laser in treatment of moderate burn scar.
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Objective: To investigate the association between environmental exposure (living environment and production environment) to crocidolite and the cancer mortality risk. Methods: A cohort including 1 249 healthy residents recruited from crocidolite-contaminated area in Dayao County, Yunnan Province in 1984 was retrospectively analyzed. The COX regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR ) and 95% confidence interval (CI ) for cancer mortality according to time of exposure to crocidolite and the crocidolite exposure in the production and living environments of blast-furnace manufacturing, material processing, whitewashing the wall, masonry stove building, and starching clothing with slurry. Results: A total of one hundred and twenty-one deaths were identified by April 30, 2011. After adjusting for the confounding factors including age, gender, marriage, education, smoking and alcohol consumption, it was found that as compared with population exposed to crocidolite in five years or less, HRs (95% CIs ) for cancer mortality in populations exposed to crocidolite in 6-10, 11-15 and more than 15 years were 2.898 (1.496-5.616), 4.159 (2.169-7.975), and 4.233 (1.182-9.886), respectively, and a dose-response relationship (P trend<0.05) was observed; compared with population not engaged in production of blast-furnace, the HRs (95% CIs ) for cancer mortality in populations engaged in sporadic production and mass production of blast-furnace were 2.533 (1.549-4.142) and 2.541 (1.642-3.935), respectively; compared with population not engaged in material processing, the HRs (95% CIs ) for cancer mortality in populations using crushing machine in material processing and handcrushing in material processing were 1.811 (1.211-2.709) and 1.785 (1.072-2.793), respectively; the HRs (95% CIs ) for cancer mortality in populations whitewashing the wall for 4 times or more, building the masonry stove and starching clothing with slurry were 1.736 (1.000-3.012), 2.229 (0.97-5.122) and 3.307 (1.522-7.184), respectively. Conclusion: Exposure to crocidolite in living environment and production environment may increase the risk for cancer mortality. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of palate cleft gap of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) infants before and after presurgical orthodontic and cheiloplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The sample consisted of 18 complete UCLP infants who were treated using presurgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) appliance and cheiloplasty. The maxillary models were obtained at the initial visit, after PNAM treatment 1 month before cheiloplasty, and 2 months after cheiloplasty. The change of palate cleft gap were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After PNAM treatment and cheiloplasty, the lip profile was obviously improved, cleft gap was reduced, and the height of ala nasi fornix was recovered.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PNAM treatment can improve the lip shape and nasal deformity degree of UCLP patient. The cleft gap and upper lip tension are reduced.</p>
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Humanos , Lactente , Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Lábio , Nariz , Cuidados Pré-OperatóriosRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the outcome of orthodontic treatment with upper jaw or upper and lower jaw extraction for Class II division 1 malocclusion using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>28 patients with Class II division 1 were extracted two first premolars or second premolars of upper jaw, and 24 patients were extracted four premolars of upper and lower jaw N. The PAR was applied on pre-and post-orthodontic treatment dental casts for the fifty-two cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The upper and lower jaw extraction groups had significantly higher initial PAR scores and the weighted PAR total scores (P<0.05). Although significantly different before treatment, both groups were not statistically different after treatment (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The upper and lower jaw extraction cases showed more severe dental displacement. Both treatment can acquire successful results.</p>
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Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Dente Pré-Molar , Má Oclusão , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle , Mandíbula , Maxila , Ortodontia Corretiva , Extração DentáriaRESUMO
Objective To develop a genetically modified fetal liver cells (FLC) based transplantation system that can release therapeutic levels of hematopoietic growth factors into the system circulation which can facilitate treatment of patient receiving cytokine therapy following chemotherapy. Method Examine adeno virus mediated gene transfer to isolated murine FLC and evaluate the biocharacterization of intrasplenic transplantation of gene modified murine FLC. Results Substantial transfection rate of 80%～85% were achieved at a ratio of 50 for 2 hr of exposure. Gene modified FLC (FLC GM) labeled with 111 In were injected into the allogenic mice, spleen, the %ID/g of liver was 20%～25% at 24 hr and 50%～55% at 48 hr after transplantation. In addition, serum concentration of GM CSF in mice with intrasplenic transplantation reached its maximum at 48 hr [(356 ?58 ) pg/ml]. Conclusion Intrasplenic transplantation of FLC GM can be predominantly localized in liver and spleen, and engraft rapidly and maintain normal function, which represent a critical step toward successfully accomplishing liver directed gene therapy.
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After murine fetal liver cells (FLC) were transfected with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene by recombinant adenovirus and intrasplenically transplanted into allogeneic mice, the effects of GM-CSF gene-transfected FLC on the recovery of immune response inhibited by chemotherapy were observed. The number of CD4 + cells and the ratio of CD4 + /CDS + cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes increased significantly. The cytotoxicity of the NK cells and the proliferation response of splenocytes to ConA, LPS elevated markedly, but the same results were not from bone marrow. These data demonstrated that intrasplenic transplantation of GM-CSF gene-transfected FLC could effectively accelerate the recovery of immune response after high-dose chemotherapy.