One Health: Re-thinking of zoonoses control / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Under the dual pressure of emerging zoonoses and the difficulty in eliminating conventional zoonoses, many uncertainties in global control of infectious diseases are challenging the achievement of sustainable development goals set by the United Nations General Assembly. One Health, developed on the basis of understanding the relationship between human diseases and animal diseases, is conducive to the prevention and control of zoonoses. The connotation of “One Health” is mainly explained by three aspects, namely the systems thinking mode of “unity of environment and man”, the practice guidance of “multi-sectoral concert” and the economic evaluation strategy of “cost-effectiveness analysis”. One Health approach has been successfully applied in the control of major infectious diseases in China, such as schistosomiasis, leading to remarkable achievements; however, there are still multiple challenges. This review proposes that much attention should be paid to top-level design, the difference between emerging zoonoses and conventional zoonoses, and the dynamic process of One Health governance during the development and application of One Health.

Research progress of effect of anxiolytic traditional Chinese medicines and formulas on neurotransmitters / 中国中药杂志

Anxiety disorders are a common mental illness that seriously endangered physical and mental health of human beings. The etiology of anxiety disorders is closely related to the abnormality of monoamines neurotransmitters, amino acids neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. The long-term use of anti-anxiety chemical drugs has some adverse effects, such as constipation, muscle relaxation, lethargy, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. However, traditional Chinese medicines have advantages of multi-component, multi-target coordination, with less adverse reactions. Therefore, it is a promising prospect to develop novel anti-anxiety drugs from traditional Chinese medicines and formulas. This article reviewed some traditional Chinese medicines and formulas that can relieve anxiety symptoms. These include traditional Chinese medicines(Panax ginseng, Lycium ruthenium, Morus alba, Bupleurum plus dragon bone oyster soup, Chailong Jieyu Pills, and Naogongtai Formulas) with the effect on monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine; traditional Chinese medicines(Rehmannia glutinosa, Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa, Jielv Anshen Decoction, Baixiangdan Capsules, Antianxietic Compound Prescription Capsules) with the effect on amino acid neurotransmitters, such as glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyrc acid; and traditional Chinese medicines(P. ginseng, Xiaoyao San, Shuyu Ningxin Decoction)with the effect on neuropeptide Y pathway, with the aim to provide theoretical basis for the further development of some novel and more effective anti-anxiety therapeutics from traditional Chinese medicine and formulas.

Value of fumarate hydratase antibody in differential diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and drug-induced liver injury / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of fumarate hydratase antibody (anti-FH) in the differential diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and drug-induced liver injury (DILI). MethodsFrom March 2014 to December 2016, 105 patients with AIH who were hospitalized in Beijing You’an Hospital were enrolled as AIH group, and 92 patients with DILI were enrolled as DILI group. A total of 128 healthy individuals were enrolled as control group. ELISA was used to measure the serum level of anti-FH. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A consistency analysis of diagnostic compliance of anti-FH based on the Kappa test. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of anti-FH in the diagnosis of AIH were analyzed. ResultsCompared with the DILI group, the AIH group had significantly higher positive rate of anti-nuclear antibody (72.4% vs 55.4%, χ2 = 6147, P=0.013) and level of IgG ((18.3±6.1) g/L vs (15.2±5.4) g/L, t=-2566, P=0.011)). The AIH group had a significantly higher positive rate of anti-FH than the DILI group and the control group (36.2% (38/67) vs 6.5% (6/92) and 2.3% (3/128), χ2=59.959, P＜0.001). In the diagnosis of AIH, anti-FH had a sensitivity of 36.2%, a specificity of 93.5%, a positive predictive value of 86.4%, and a negative predictive value of 93.5%. ConclusionSerum anti-FH has a certain reference value in the differential diagnosis of AIH and DILI.

Role of autoimmune ecological factors in the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver inflammatory disease with unknown etiology, and at present, both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of AIH. Environmental exposure has an important impact on the development of AIH. Autoimmune ecology is the study of the interactions between individuals and their environment, the development of imbalance between individuals and environment, and the mechanism of such imbalance in promoting the development of autoimmune disease. This article reviews the research advances in the role of autoimmune ecology in the pathogenesis of AIH.

Advances in application of metabolomics in rheumatoid arthritis research / 中国药理学通报

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune inflammatory rheumatism that affects many organs and tissues. With the advances in technology and research methods, the metabolomics of rheumatoid arthritis has made some progress. This article reviews the application of metabolomics in early biomarker screen-ing and pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, so as lo provide reference for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association for management guidelines of vacuum sealing drainage application in abdominal surgeries-Update and systematic review / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) is frequently used in abdominal surgeries. However, relevant guidelines are rare. Chinese Trauma Surgeon Association organized a committee composed of 28 experts across China in July 2017, aiming to provide an evidence-based recommendation for the application of VSD in abdominal surgeries. Eleven questions regarding the use of VSD in abdominal surgeries were addressed: (1) which type of materials should be respectively chosen for the intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity and superficial incisions? (2) Can VSD be preventively used for a high-risk abdominal incision with primary suture? (3) Can VSD be used in severely contaminated/infected abdominal surgical sites? (4) Can VSD be used for temporary abdominal cavity closure under some special conditions such as severe abdominal trauma, infection, liver transplantation and intra-abdominal volume increment in abdominal compartment syndrome? (5) Can VSD be used in abdominal organ inflammation, injury, or postoperative drainage? (6) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intestinal fistula and pancreatic fistula? (7) Can VSD be used in the treatment of intra-abdominal and extra-peritoneal abscess? (8) Can VSD be used in the treatment of abdominal wall wounds, wound cavity, and defects? (9) Does VSD increase the risk of bleeding? (10) Does VSD increase the risk of intestinal wall injury? (11) Does VSD increase the risk of peritoneal adhesion? Focusing on these questions, evidence-based recommendations were given accordingly. VSD was strongly recommended regarding the questions 2-4. Weak recommendations were made regarding questions 1 and 5-11. Proper use of VSD in abdominal surgeries can lower the risk of infection in abdominal incisions with primary suture, treat severely contaminated/infected surgical sites and facilitate temporary abdominal cavity closure.

Establishment of culture system of Vaccaria segetalis hairy roots and determination of vaccarin / 中草药

Objective: To establish the culture system of Vaccaria segetalis hairy roots. Methods: Agrobacterium rhizogenes R15834, R1601, R1000, and A4 were used to infect V. segetalis leaves to induce hairy roots and the influences of different physicochemical factors on its growth were investigated. The content of vaccarin was determined by HPLC. Results: A. rhizogenes R1601 had the highest induction rate by converted into V. segetalis leaves, The best growth cycle of cell suspension culture was defined when cultured in liquid MS medium with pH value of 6 and sucrose concentration of 3%, vaccarin in V. segetalis hairy roots was slightly higher than that in the seed. Conclusion: V. segetalis could successfully induce hairy roots, the foundation has been established for further oplimizing the proper cultural system for V. segetalis hairy roots and regulating the secondary metabolites.

Research progress of antipsychotics / 药学学报

Epidemiology indicates that schizophrenia affects approximately 8‰ of the world's population. The atypical (second and third generation) antipsychotics generally endowed with D2/5-HTHT2 receptors antagonism properties are commonly used as first-line drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia presently. They have been proven effective in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but they are largely ineffective in the treatment of cognitive deficit. Moreover, the atypical antipsychotics are usually associated with cardiovascular and metabolic side effects such as QT prolongation and weight gain. To develop more potent antipsychotics with fewer side effects, more targets have been identified such as D3, glutamate, H3 receptors and PDE10A in recent years. Herein, the research progress of antipsychotics is reviewed.

A new bibenzyl compound from Dendrobium nobile / 药学学报

In this study, seven bibenzyl compounds were isolated from the stem of Dendrobium nobile by silica gel, MCI column chromatographic and preparative HPLC technology. By using spectroscopic techniques including NMR and MS, these compounds were identified as 4, α-dihydroxy-3, 5, 3'-trimethoxybibenzyl (1), 4, 5-dihydroxy-3, 3', α-trimethoxybibenzyl (2), 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 5, 3'-trimethoxybibenzyl (3), 4, 5-dihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxybibenzyl (4), 4, 3'-dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybibenzyl (5), 5, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-dimethoxybibenzyl (6) and 5, 3'-dihydroxy-3-methoxybibenzyl (7). Compound 1 is a new compound and compound 4 was isolated from this plant for the first time.

Advance in studies on hepatoprotective effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its main components / 中国中药杂志

Dried roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) are among the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicines in clinic. The material basis for its efficacy mainly includes hydrophobic tanshinones and hydrophilic salvianolic acids. The traditional effects of Danshen are "removing stasis and relieving pain, activating blood to promote menstruation, clearing heart fire and tranquilization". According to modern pharmacological studies, Danshen and its main components have cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective effect. Recent studies showed that Danshen and its main components also demonstrated protective effects on liver injury models induced by carbon tetrachloride, D-galactosamine, acetaminophen and alcohol. In this paper, the hepatoprotective effect and mechanism of Danshen were summarized and studied.

A multi-center, randomized, double-blind clinical study on Bushen Huoxue in treatment of ovulatory dysfunction caused infertility / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The multi-center, randomized, double-blind, double-simulated and positive-control trial was used to verify the contribution degree of Bushen Huoxue for the treatment of ovulatory dysfunction caused infertility, which provided scientific basis for clinical treatment.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>According to diagnostic, inclusion and exclusion criteria, we observed 349 patients which were divided into the treated group (n = 177, treated with Bushen Huoxue ricipe) and control group (n = 172, treated with clomiphene). Ovulation rate, pregnancy rate, clinical effective rate of traditional Chinese medicine, endometrium and diameter of dominant follicle were observed. Serum reproductive endocrine hormones were assayed before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The treated group showed ovulation rate of 69.34%, with pregnancy rate of 41.35%. The clinical effective rate of treated group and control group were 91.73% and 80.77%. There was remarkable difference in endometrium (P < 0.05) and remarkbale difference in sex hormones PRL and E₂in treated group at prior-treatment and post-treatment (P < 0.05). No adverse effects were found in the experiment. Security indicators did not show abnormal change.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The comparison between the two groups showed that the treated group was significantly different from control group in the pregnancy rate (P < 0.05), without notable difference in ovulation rate. There was significant difference in clinical effective rate between the treated group and control group. Both the two groups could contribute to the mature development and discharge of the follicles. The growth of endometrium and endometrial receptivity in the treated group were higher than control group. The treated group has regulatory effect on PRL and E₂.</p>

Rapid Detection of Acetylbritannilactone from Inula britannica in Plasma of Rats by Online Sweeping-Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To establish a rapid method for detecting acetylbritannilactone (ABL) by online sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and to elevate the sensitivity of the detection. Methods: The combination of online sweeping technique with MEKC was used to determine the content of ABL in the extract of Inula britannica in plasma of rats. Results: ABL was completely separated within 15 min in running buffer and sample buffer. The optimal conditions were as follows: on uncoated fused quartz silica capillary, with separation voltage of 23 kV, capillary temperature of 25 °C, and detection wavelength of 195 nm. The regression equations revealed good linear relationships between the peak area and concentration of ABL (r = 0.998), with the detection limits of 0.005-0.15 mg/mL. The relative standard deviations of migration time and peak areas for intra- and inter-batch were < 2.45% and < 2.26%, respectively. The recovery rate of this method was 96.3%-97.2%. Conclusion: This method provides some advantages in separation speed, testing sensitivity, and operating convenience, with low sample and reagent consumption. The online sweeping-MEKC is an effective method for pharmacokinetic study and analysis on tracing biological samples. © 2014 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.

Distinct effect of Wansheng Huafeng Dan containing ardisia crenata on renal transporters, mercury accumulation and Kim-1 expression from mercuric chloride / 中国中药杂志

To study the effect of Wansheng Huafeng Dan (WSHFD) and mercuric chloride on renal mercury (Hg) extraction transporters (Oat1, Oct2), renal mercury excretion transporters (Mrp4, Mate2K), renal mercury accumulation and kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1). The ancient prescription of WSHFD containing 10-fold Hg caused much lower renal mercury accumulation and renal toxicity than HgCl2 in rats, with less effect on renal transporters than HgCl2. The above indicators had no significant difference in WSHFDO, WSHFD2 and WSHFD3 groups, indicating no effect of WSHFD with reduced or no cinnabar.

Doctor Ma Kun's experience of applying tonifying kidney and promoting blood circulation treatment of anovulatory infertility / 中国中药杂志

With the ascending attack rate of anovulatory infertility year by year, people also began to pay attention to its treat methods. According to Doctor Ma Kun,who are engaged in clinical work about the treatment for anovulatory infertility, kidney deficiency is the basic pathogenesis and blood stasis is an important factor that has been through. Flexible use of tonifying the kidney and promoting blood circulation treatment of anovulatory infertility in clinic, has achieved remarkable curative effect. Director Ma adjusts menstruation by the different periods, and regulates both patients' negative emotions and sleep quality. Through years of clinical experience accumulation, Director Ma gradually formes special treatment of anovulatory infertility by flexibly using of tonifying the kidney and promoting blood circulation individually.

Preliminary study on relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom of ovulatory disorder infertility based on factor analysis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In this study, the clinical data of 240 cases of data acquisition on ovulation in patients with anovulatory infertility.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using the method of factor analysis, summed up the distribution situation of various syndromes and the relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>From the study we found that polycystic ocary syndrome > premature ovarian failure > corpus luteum insufficiency > luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome > hyperprolactinemia > anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Using the factor analysis method, the syndromes of anovulatory infertility were divided into six types and the distribution proportion of them is: kidney Yang deficiency and blood stasis > kidney Yang deficiency > kidney Yin deficiency and blood stasis > kidney Yin deficiency and liver Qi stagnation syndrome > kidney Yang deficiency and phlegm dampness stagnation > kidney Yin deficiency. By means of statistics, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms as abdomen pain before menstrual onset, obfuscation colour, cold lower abdomen, insomnia, fatigue, eyes dark, face dark or ring lip dark, before and after menstruation breast swelling, chest tightness, irritable insomnia, depression and lower abdomen pain during menstruation etc contribute high degree in the process.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Polycystic ovary syndrome and premature are the main causes of ovulatory disorder infertility and the disease incidence rate assumed the tendency which rose year by year. The treatment of the disease of kidney yang deficiency syndrome scales biggest the disease degree of contribution. Blood stasis is the important factor in the process of pathogenesis evolution. In the study of disease distribution, we found that symptom distribution trend roughly the same and the same symptom severity in different diseases with different, which provides experience for the theory-different diseases with the same therapeutic method. These conclusions provide guidance and reference evidences for clinic practice.</p>

Assessment of the predictive value of the model for end-stage liver disease scoring system combined with the indocyanine green clearance test for short-term prognosis of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the short-term prognostic value of the indocyanine green clearance test when used in combination with the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scoring system to assess patients with hepatitis B virus acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 105 patients diagnosed with HBV-ACLF were retrospectively analyzed. The indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICGR15), clinical data within 24 h after diagnosis, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) classification, MELD score, MELD combined with sodium concentration (MELD-Na) score, and King's Hospital (KCH) criteria data were collected for analysis. Measurement data were assessed by t-test and count data by the chi-square test. Short-term predictive accuracy for patients with HBV-ACLF was compared between different models using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mortality rate for all patients was 45.71%. Comparison of the survivors versus the non-survivors showed that age, total bilirubin, albumin, cholinesterase, creatinine, international normalized ratio, and incidence positive rate of relative complications (hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy) were significantly different between the two groups (all, P less than 0.05). The ICGR15 was found to be positively correlated with MELD score (r = 0.205, P less than 0.05). The MELD-ICGR15 model constructed by logistic regression analysis was: Logit(P) = 0.193 * MELD + 0.130 * ICGR15 - 11.256. The AUC was 0.880 and the cut-off was -0.706, with 89.6% sensitivity and 75.4% specificity. The AUC of the MELD-ICGR15 model was significantly higher than that of the ICGR15 (0.820), MELD score (0.779), MELD-Na score (0.761), KCH criteria (0.680), and CTP classification (0.631) (all, P less than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ICGR15, MELD score, and MELD-Na score had higher predictive values for HBV-ACLF than did CTP classification or KCH criteria. Furthermore, the MELD-ICGR15 model was better than any single parameter model for predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF.</p>

Clinical efficacy observation on therapy ovulation failure infertility caursed by PCOS with reinforcing kidney, activating blood circulation and ovarian stimulation compound recipe / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the clinical effect of tonifying the kidney and promoting blood circulation to promote oocyte decoction in the treatment of anovulatory infertility caused by polycystic ovary syndrome. Sixty cases were selected from the out-patient department of Xiyuan hospital of China academy of Chinese medical sciences and the Chinese academy of traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine out-patient department. Sixty patients with PCOS patients were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group, with 30 cases and 30 cases respectively. The treatment group was given decoction of the reinforcing kidney, activating blood circulation and ovarian stimulation compound recipe. The control group was treated with clomiphene. Through the treatment of 1-2 courses, in the treatment group the pregnancy rate was 56.67%, the ovulation rate 61%; in control group of clomiphene citrate ovulation ratepregnancy rate was 30% , 72.84% of ovulation rate. The difference was significant between two groups (P < 0.05), the pregnancy rate in the treatment group was higher than the control group. The treatment group has regulatory effect on FSH, LH and their ratio, and increase E2 level, decrease T, PRL, INS and other hormone levels, contributing to the mature development of the follicles and endometrium growth, increase the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate. The control group on FSH, E2 increased, LH, T, PRL and INS showed no obvious effect.

Analysis on reported data of immunization monitoring system for category II vaccine in China, 2012 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the immunization status of category II vaccine in Chinese Mainland in 2012.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The completeness of report unit by township and county, including 31 provinces (cities, municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the number of doses and the number of counties covered for category II vaccine at different areas, average types of category II vaccine by county were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods, according to monthly report of vaccination data for category II vaccines by township in 2012 which all of provinces and population were almost covered, through the National Immunization Program(NIP) monitoring information system of China.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 29 kinds of category II vaccine with 90 843 530 doses were reported in 2012, and the total average dose was 674.2 per 10 000 people. The report completeness by county and township were 83.32% (29 557/35 472) and 80.01% (396 652/495 756) respectively. The reported doses of rabies vaccine for human use, Haemophilus influenza type b vaccine and influenza vaccine was the top third vaccine, among those for all kinds of category II vaccine, which were 17 027 259, 13 996 206, 11 324 518 respectively, and 126.4, 103.9, 84.1 doses per 10 000 people. In 2773 county units, varicella attenuated live vaccine, influenza vaccine, rabies vaccine for human use were the top three kinds of category II vaccine in terms of the number of county where vaccines have been used in 2012, which were 2442(88.06%), 2415(87.09%), 2366(85.32%) respectively. Guangdong province with 12 266 531 doses was the highest report doses for category II vaccine whereas Qinghai province with 57 767 doses was the lowest number in 2012. Regarding to the average report doses by province, the highest or lowest number was 2425.0 doses per 10 000 people in Shanghai province, and 101.7 doses per 10 000 people in Qinghai province separately.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Many kinds of category II vaccine with a large amount have been used in China, and there are significant different among areas. Surveillance and management for category II vaccines should be future improved.</p>

Observation on clinical efficacy of activating renal blood circulation and ovarian stimulation formula in treating ovulation failure infertility / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the clinical efficacy of the activating renal blood circulation and ovarian stimulation formula in treating ovulation failure infertility.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Eighty-six cases were randomly divided into two groups: the treatment group and the control group. The treatment group is administered with the activating renal blood circulation and ovarian stimulation formula (composed of 15 g Cuscutae Semen, 15 g Dipsaci Asperoidis Radix, 15 g Lycii Fructus, 15 g Spatholobi Caulis, 10 g Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, 15 g Lycopi Herba, 10 g Typhae Polleu, 10 g Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 15 g Cyathulae Radix etc.), whereas the control group was given clomiphene.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The treatment group showed a pregnancy rate of 58.14%, with an ovulation rate of 68.6%. While the control group showed a pregnancy rate of 36.67%, with an ovulation rate of 70%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The comparison between the two groups showed that the activating renal blood circulation and ovarian stimulation formula was significantly different from clomiphene in statistical analysis (P < 0.05), without notable difference in the ovulation rate. Before and after the treatment, there is no significant difference in diameter of dominant follicles between the two groups, with remarkable difference in endometrium (P < 0.05).</p>

Application of hospital teaching rounds in clinical teaching practice in hospitals for infectious diseases / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Great difficulties were existed in clinical teaching in hospitals for infectious diseases. Therefore,a centralized hospital teaching rounds,a new clinical teaching practice was taken in a hospital for infectious diseases. During seven years' practice,a basic mode of centralized hospital teaching rounds was established,which contains many aspects such as organizational form,time arrangement,case se-lection and operation procedures. Its effectiveness was evaluated accoding to the following aspects:number of people attending hospital teaching rounds,composition of these people,satisfaction of these people, comparison of ward rounds data recorded nowadays and 7 years before and assembling all the rounds records into a book. Results indicated that this measure overcame the limitations of the specialized hospi-tals to some extent and played an important role in improving clinical teaching quality.