Quality standard of Perillae Folium based on multicomponent determination with HPLC method / 中国中药杂志

This research established the HPLC methods for the determination of perillaketone, perillaldehyde, caffeic acid, scutellarin, and rosmarinic acid in 33 batches of Perillae Folium. Kromasil C_(18)(4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm) chromatographic column was used, and the mobile phase for determination of the perillaketone and perillaldehyde was methanol-water(55∶45) solution, at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1), with the column temperature at 30 ℃. The mobile phase for the determination of caffeic acid, scutellarin and rosmarinic acid was methanol(A)-0.2% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(B) with gradient elution(0-20 min, 25%-30% A; 20-60 min, 30%-43% A). The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The results showed that the established method can achieve good separation of the five components in samples, with a good linear relationship and high accuracy, indicating that the methods can be used for the determination of Perillae Folium. The results showed that all samples contained five components. And the content of rosmarinic acid(0.04%-1.57%) > scutellarin(0.03%-0.77%) > perillaldehyde(0.02%-0.66%) > perillaketone(0.03%-0.30%) > caffeic acid(0.006%-0.07%). Thirty-three Batches of Perillae Folium can be grouped into 5 categories. There are certain content rules and region specificities under different clusters. Perillaketone, perillaldehyde, and rosmarinic acid can be used as the main markers to evaluate the quality of Perillae Folium.

Discussion on rationality of Yinpian commodity grades--Sophora flavescentis as an example / 中国中药杂志

In recent years, the establishment of the commercial grade of Yinpian [traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pieces for decoction] in the TCM industry has been hotly disputed. In this article, Sophorae Flavescentis Radix(SFR) was selected as a representative example to investigated. Through systematic comparison and analysis, the different grades of SFR slices were traced, verified and evaluated. According to the current published local grade standards of SFR slices, the results showed that the first-class of SFR slices were mostly derived from the wild medicinal materials, the second-class were mostly originated from the cultivated materials in 3-4 years, and the third-class products were from a small number of lateral roots and short-growing years or harsh habitat of wild medicinal materials. On the basis of identifying the sources of different grades of SFR slices, the contents of the active components, including matrine, oxymatrine, oxysophocarpine, sophoridine, N-methyl-cytisine, sophocarpine, were quantitatively determined in typical samples, it was found that the grades were inversely proportional to the contents of active ingredients. In order to ensure the universality of the conclusion, the contents of different grades of commercial SFR slices were determined, and the conclusion was verified as "the commercial grades of SFR slices were inversely linked to their contents of active ingredients". This phenomenon is common in the determination of the commercial grade of Yinpian of radix and rhizome. Therefore, we propose that the method or standard of the commercial grade of Yinpian of radix and rhizome based on the size of Yinpian maybe not proper. Whether and how to classify Yinpian commercial grade is not only a multi-disciplinary issue, especially in combination with clinical efficacy, but also a big problem need to consider the production, commercial circulation and other processes link of quality risk and quality assurance, and should be treated with great caution.

Determination of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in Dendrobium officinale and congeneric species by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

As anti-aging ingredients, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide(NMN) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD~+) have attracted worldwide attention in recent years. After oral administration, NMN can be converted into NAD~+ in vivo and the latter is the actual ingredient which exerts anti-aging effect. In order to explore the "rejuvenating and anti-aging" effect of Dendrobium officinale, which was firstly recorded in Shennong's Herbal Classic of Materia Medica, this study established the quantitative method of UPLC-MS/MS for simultaneous determination of NMN and NAD~+ in D. officinale and the congeneric species for the first time, and 34 batches of samples were detected. UPLC conditions are as follows: ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 μm), gradient elution with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water at the flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1), and column temperature of 40 ℃. MS conditions were scanned electrospray ionization source and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method was verified by systematic methodology. The mean recoveries of NMN and NAD~+ were 77.58% and 80.70%, respectively, with RSD of 3.6% and 4.3%, separately. All results showed that the content of NMN was higher in D. officinale than in the other congeneric species. Particularly, the content in fresh D. officinale stems was as high as 0.931 9 μg·g~(-1). NAD~+ was only found in D. officinale and the content was three times higher than that of NMN. This may be the reason that D. officinale topped the "nine famous anti-aging herbs". In addition, processing method influences the content of NMN and NAD~+ in Dendrobium. Specifically, the content of NMN and NAD~+ was in the order of fresh Dendrobium stems > dried Dendrobium stem segments > spiral or spring-like dried Dendrobium stems.

Effect of aripiprazole combined with risperidone on serum prolactin and glucose lipid metabolism in male patients with schizophrenia / 新乡医学院学报

Objective To explore the effect of aripiprazole combined with risperidone on serum prolactin and glucolipid metabolism in male patients with schizophrenia. Methods A total of 113 male patients with schizophrenia who were treated with risperidone in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from October 2016 to May 2017 were select-ed. The patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Fifty-nine patients in the control group were given risperidone 4 - 6 mg·d - 1 orally,while fifty-four patients in the observation group were given risperidone 4 - 6 mg·d - 1 combined with aripiprazole 10 mg·d - 1 orally,the course of treatment was 8 weeks. The serum prolactin(PRL)levels were measured before treatment and at 2,4,8 weeks after treatment. Positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS)was used to eval-uated the psychiatric symptoms in the two groups before treatment and at 4,8 weeks after treatment. The levels of fasting plas-ma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL),high density lipoprotein(HDL), body mass index(BMI)were measured in the two groups before treatment and at 4,8 weeks after treatment. Results A total of 113 patients completed the experiment,with 53 cases in the observation group and 59 cases in the control group. There was no significant difference in the level of PRL,FPG,TC,TG,HDL,LDL and the total score,positive symptom score,negative symptom score,general pathologic score of PANSS and BMI between the two groups before treatment(P > 0. 05). At 2,4,8 weeks after treatment,the level of PRL in the control group was higher than that before treatment(P < 0. 05),and in the obser-vation group it was lower than that before treatment(P < 0. 05). Compared between any two time points,there was significant difference in the PRL level at 2,4,8 weeks after treatment in the two groups(P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group,the level of PRL in the treatment group was significantly lower at 2,4,8 weeks after treatment (P < 0. 01). The total score,positive symptom score,negative symptom score,general pathologic score of PANSS in the two groups at 4,8 weeks after treatment were lower than those before treatment and at 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0. 05). The total score,positive symptom score,negative symptom score,general pathologic score of PANSS in the two groups at 8 weeks after treatment were lower than those at 4 weeks after treatment(P < 0. 05). The total score,negative symptom score,general pathologic score of PANSS in the observation group at 4,8 weeks after treatment were lower than those in the control group(P < 0. 05),but there was no significant difference in the positive symptom score of PANSS between the two groups at 4,8 weeks after treatment(P > 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the level of FPG,TC,TG,HDL,LDL and BMI in the control group at 4,8 weeks after treatment compared with that before treatment(P > 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the level of FPG,TC,TG,HDL,LDL and BMI in the observation group at 4 weeks after treatment compared with that before treatment(P > 0. 05). There was no significant differ-ence in the level of FPG,TC,TG,HDL in the observation group at 8 weeks after treatment compared with that before treatment and at 4 weeks after treatment(P > 0. 05). But the level of LDL and BMI in the observation group at 8 weeks after treatment were lower than those before treatment and at 4 weeks after treatment(P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the level of FPG,TC,TG,HDL,LDL and BMI between the observation group and the control group at 4 weeks after treatment(P >0. 05). There was no significant difference in the level of FPG,TC,TG,HDL between the observation group and the control group at 8 weeks after treatment (P > 0. 05). But the level of LDL and BMI in the observation group at 8 weeks after treatment were lower than those in the control group(P < 0. 05). At 8 weeks after treatment,the incidence rate of akathisia,thirst,somno-lence,tremor,nausea and salivation in the control group was 5. 08％,10. 16％,10. 16％,15. 25％,6. 77％,11. 86％,respec-tively;the incidence rate of akathisia,thirst,somnolence,tremor,nausea and salivation in the observation group was 3. 70％, 14. 81％,9. 25％,16. 67％,11. 11％,9. 26％,respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of akathi-sia,thirst,somnolence,tremor,nausea and salivation between the two groups(χ2 = 0. 207,0. 106,0. 159,0. 326,0. 091,0. 162;P > 0. 05). Conclusion Risperidone combined with aripiprazole in the treatment of male schizophrenia patients is beneficial to reduce the level of serum high PRL induced by risperidone and to improve lipid metabolism.