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Medical specimen photography is an indispensable step in medical education and scientific research.On the basis of a large number of shooting practices,a set of photography skills have been summed up,including the medical specimens shooting principles,sampling methods,camera equipments,backgrounds,light source and parameters.During medical specimen photography,we should make sure true process,accurate samples,clear image quality,layered main backgrounds,beautiful pictures and correct selection and usage of photographic equipments.Accordingly,a set of disposable small photo studios which are suitable for medical specimen shooting have been built to help medical workers improve the quality of photography in medical education and research specimens.
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Objective To investigate the toxic effect of cadmium (Cd) on the ultrastructure ,expression of related protein and the signal molecule phosphrylated P38 mitogen-actived protein kinase(P-P38MAPK) of primary cultured rat sertoli cell(Sc) ,and the protective effect of astragaloside (A ) on it .Methods The primary cultured rat Sc were divided into the control group ,Cd (50 mol/L)group and Cd(50 mol/L) plus A(10 mg/L) group ,they were used for the electron microscope observation and the im-munohistochemistry detection of vimentin ,E-cadherin ,-catenin and P-P38MAPK .Results The Sc ultrastructural changes included that the swelled mitochondria ,abundant lipid droplets and dilated endoplasmic reticulum were found in the Cd group .Further ,apop-tosis occurred in some Sc .However these ultrastructure changes above mentioned were slighter in the Cd plus A group ;the immu-nohistochemistry showed that the positive products of vimentin ,E-cadherin and-catenin were obviously decreased in the Cd group (P<0 .05) ,and those in the Cd plus A group were higher compared with the Cd group(P<0 .05);the expression of P-P38MAPK in cytoplasm was increased in the Cd group ,and showed the trend to move from cytoplasm to nucleus ,meanwhile ,the positive prod-ucts expression in the Cd plus A group was lower than that in the Cd group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Cadmium can cause the injury of the Sc ultrastructure ,damage of cytoskeletal protein and fibronectin ,and increase of P-P38MAPK level ;astragaloside can antago-nize the toxicity of cadmium on Sc ,the protective effect maybe related with the decrease of P-P38MAPK in Sc .
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Objective To investigate the teaching effect of applying idea of ‘ integrating world with specialty' in teaching ward - round.Methods Totally 112 undergraduates from department of anesthesiology in Chongqing medical university were randomly divided into 2 groups:group C and group T.The students in group C and group T were received traditional method and teaching ward-round applying idea of ‘integrating world with specialty' respectively.The teching effects were compared.Results Constituent ratio of performance of written test and defence of case analysis in group C and group T were respectively as follow,excellent ( 12％,19％) vs.(31％,37％),good (25％,19％ ) vs.(50％,44％ ),middle (54％,50％ ) vs.( 19％,13％ ),bad (9％,12％ ) vs.(0,6％ ),and there were statistically differences between the two groups.Conclusion Teaching ward-round applying idea of ‘ integrating world with specialty' integrates medical knowledge with social skills and common sense of life,making it easier for medical students to understand and master professional knowledge,as a result of improving the students' ability of problem analysing and solving.
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Objective:To investigate the influences of different centrifugal conditions on the ultrastructure of cultured cells in the digestion centrifugation to find out the best speed and time of centrifugation.Methods:The cultured cells after digested,were divided into groups according to different digestion centrifuge speed and time,and the changes of cell morphology in each group at different centrifugation time and speed were compared under transmission electron microscope.Results:Enough cells could mot be collected with the centrifuge speed less than 800 r/min,8 min.The cells were deformed due to extrusion or the cytoplasm was torn with the speed of 2 000 r/min,15 min.With the speed of 800～1 500 r/min,8～15 min,it was more proper to prepare samples and preserve cell ultrastructure.Conclusion:It is ideal to prepare TEM samples of cultured cells by using the cells being digested and centrifuged with speed at 800 ~1 500 r/min and time of 8~15 minutes.