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Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of Tonghua Dongbao′s insulin aspart injection (Rishulin) and NovoRapid (Novo Nordisk) in the treatment of diabetes.Methods:A 26-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, positive control drug and non-inferiority trial was conducted in 23 centers in China. A total of 563 diabetes with poor blood glucose control treated with insulin for at least 3 months before were included. The subjects were randomized(stratified block random method) into those receiving Rishulin or NovoRapid at a ratio of 3∶1. Both groups were combined with basal insulin (Lantus). The primary endpoint was the change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from baseline to the end of 24 weeks of treatment.Results:For full analysis set, after 24 weeks of treatment, HbA1c level of Ruishulin group decreased from (8.66±1.28)% to (7.77±1.09)% ( P<0.001), and that of NovoRapid group decreased from (8.47±1.28) % to (7.65±0.97) % ( P<0.001). Treatment difference in HbA1c (NovoRapid group-Ruishulin group) was -0.061% (95% CI -0.320-0.199). HbA1c<7.0% target reacing rates were 24.26% and 21.21% ( P=0.456), and HbA1c<6.5% target reacing rates were 9.65% and 6.82% ( P=0.310) in Ruishulin group and NovoRapid group, repectively. The standard 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) in Ruishulin group decreased from (16.23±5.22) mmol/L to (12.65±4.57) mmol/L ( P<0.001), and 2hPG in NovoRapid group decreased from (16.13±5.37) mmol/L to (11.91)±4.21) mmol/L ( P<0.001). The fingertips blood glucose at 7-point of both groups exhibited varying degrees of reduction compared with those at baseline, repectively. Positive ratios of specific antibodies were 31.68% in Ruishulin group and 36.36% in NovoRapid group ( P=0.320). Ratios of negative to positive were 7.43% and 10.61% ( P=0.360), and ratios of positive to negative were 10.40% and 7.58% ( P=0.360) in Ruishulin group and NovoRapid group, respectively. The incidence of hypoglycemia was 60.05% and 55.40% ( P=0.371), and the incidence of adverse events was 76.60% and 77.70% ( P=0.818) in Ruishulin group and NovoRapid group, respectively. Conclusions:Rishulin is not inferior to NovoRapid, and has shown good efficacy and safety. It can be an ideal choice for clinicians in patients with poor blood glucose control with insulin.
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Objective To examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of behavioral regulation in sport questionnaire (BRSQ) among a sample of Chinese collegiate athletes.Methods The BRSQ was translated from English into Chinese using the translation and back translation approach.A sample of 334 Chinese collegiate athletes was invited to complete the questionnaire.Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)and exploratory structure equation model(ESEM)approaches were used to examine the factor structure of the BRSQ.Moreover,the internal consistency reliability and nomological validity were examined.Results CFA results suggested that the 6-factor model(BRSQ-6)outperformed other measurement models.However,given the limitations of CFA approach in examining the factor structure of multidimensional instrument,ESEM was also used in this study because it could better present the underlying factor structure of the multidimensional scale.It was found that,as expected,the ESEM solution was better than CFA solution in representing the BRSQ-6 measurement model.The normological validity and internal consistency reliability of all BRSQ-6 subscales were also found acceptable.Conclusion In general,the BRSQ-6 Chinese version demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability among Chinese collegiate athletes.It is noteworthy that unexpected cross-loading of some items have been identified,which implys that researchers should use the instrument with cautions.Future studies should be conducted to revise the problematic items.
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Objective To investigate the relationship of parity and other reproduction-associated factors with metabolic syndrome(MS) in middle-aged and elderly women in Nanchang community.Methods Female permanent residents over 40 years old were sampled for a routine examination and a questionnaire survey covering basic information,5 894 subjects were enrolled and identified as effective cases.MS was diagnosed according to the standard of China Diabetes Society in 2004.Factors including age,education,profession,marital status,parity,child-bearing history of macrosomia,breastfeeding,menarche age,and menopausal age were analyzed in order to find their relationship with MS.The univariate logistic analysis was followed by binary logistic regression analysis if P＜0.05,and OR value and confidence interval were calculated.Results Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,education,profession,parity,breastfeeding,and menopausal age were influencing factors of MS (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no correlation to marital status,miscarriage history,child-bearing history of macrosomia,menarche age with MS(all P＞0.05).Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MS increased with age:OR =1.51 (95 ％ CI 0.98-2.32) during 50-59 years,OR =2.10 (95 ％ CI 1.34-3.30) during 60-69 years,and OR =2.63 (95 ％ CI 1.61-4.31) in cases aged over 70 years,as compared to the group aged 40-49 years.The risk in non-manual workers increased about 34 percent OR =1.33 (95 ％ CI 1.04-1.70),compared with manual workers.The risk of MS increased with parity,being OR =1.46 (95％ CI 1.14-1.88),OR =1.78 (95％ CI 1.30-2.43),and OR =1.84 (95％ CI 1.24-2.72),with 2,3,and 4 child-bearings respectively as compared to cases with only one childbearing.The risk of MS was reduced with advancing menopausal age being about 6 percent reduction with each increased year of menopausal age(OR =0.94,95％ CI 0.90-0.99).There was no difference between education,breastfeeding and MS(P＞005).Conclusion Multiple parity,earlier menopausal age,less manual work,and aging seem to be the risk factors of MS in women.
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Objective To observe the effects of stromal cell-derived-factor-1(SDF-1) on the function of endotheli?al progenitor cells(EPCs)of peripheral blood in patients with diabetes, and to discuss the effects of PI3K/AKT signaling path?way on the role of SDF-1 in EPCs. Methods The peripheral blood samples (30 mL) were collected in 10 diabetes patients (DM group) and 10 healthy controls (HC group). (1) The 100μg/L SDF-1 was added in intervention group. EGM-2MV was added in non-intervention group. The Boyden chamber and in vitro angiogenesis kit were used to analyze the migration and in vitro angiogenesis of EPCs. (2) Cultured EPCs were divided into blank control group, 1μg/L SDF-1 group, 10μg/L SDF-1 group, 100μg/L SDF-1 group, pure AMD3100 group and 100μg/L SDF-1+AMD3100 group. AKT protein expression lev?els of endothelial progenitor cells were detected by Western blot assay in each group. Results (1) Without intervention with SDF-1, EPCs’migration and angiogenesis ability were lower in DM group than those in HC group. After intervention with SDF-1, the migration and angiogenesis ability were enhanced in two groups, but the increased level was higher in DM group than that of HC group. (2) Under the same concentration, AKT protein expression level was significantly lower in DM group than that in HC group (P<0.01). AKT protein expression levels were increased with the increased levels of SDF-1 in DM group and HC group (P<0.05). AKT protein expression was significantly lower in 100μg/L SDF-1+AMD3100 group than that of 100μg/L SDF-1 group (P<0.05). Conclusion SDF-1 can increase the chemotactic migration and angiogenesis ability of EPCs in peripheral blood, especially for patients with diabetes. The effects of SDF-1 on EPCs were related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy [HIE] is a common and potentially devastating condition in the neonate, associated with high mortality and morbidity. Effective treatment options are limited and therefore alternative therapies such as acupuncture are increasingly used. Previous studies have shown that electro acupuncture promoted proliferation of neural progenitor cell and increased expression of neurotrophic factor in HIE. However, effects of electro acupuncture on downstream signaling pathways have been rarely researched. So, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of electro acupuncture on HIE and to further investigate the role of GDNF family receptor member RET and its key downstream PI3-K/Akt pathway in the process. A rat HIE model was constructed by the left common carotid artery [LCCA] ligation method in combination with hypoxic treatment. Considering that Baihui [GV20], Dazhui [GV14], Quchi [LI11] and Yongquan [KI1] are commonly used in clinics for stroke treatment and are easy to locate, we chose the above four acupoints as the combination for electro acupuncture treatment which was performed once a day for different time periods. Hematoxylin-eosin [HE] staining and transmission electron microscopy results showed that electro acupuncture could ameliorate neurologic damage and alleviate the degenerative changes of ultra structure of cortical neurons in rats subjected to HIE. And the longer acupuncture treatment lasted, the better its therapeutic effect would be. This was accompanied by gradually increased expression of GDNF family receptor RET at the mRNA level and its downstream signaling Akt at the protein level in the ischemic cortex. These findings suggest that electro acupuncture shows neuroprotective effects in HIE, which at least in part is attributed to activation of PI3-K/Akt signaling pathway
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Objective To get the facts on lifestyle and bone mineral density among the community residents who are above 40 years old in Nanchang,therefore to offer reference for prevention and treatment to the community residents with abnormal bone mineral density.Methods Use Ultrasound bone mineral density detection instrument to detect the calcaneus mineral density among 10 002 community residents who were over 40 years old.The results can be classified as normal,osteopenia and osteoporosis.A questionnaire survey was conducted among all interviewees.The questionnaire consisted of basic information,general situation,lifestyle,height,weight,waistline,hipline.The body mass index was calculated.The relationship between bone mineral density and smoking,drinking,milk,sodas,sports,etc was analyzed.Results As to osteoporosis,the morbidity of male patients was 6.8％,and that of female patients was 10.4％,as to osteopenia,the morbidity of male patients was 43.8％,and that of female patients was 39.7％.Male smokers' morbidity of abnormal bone mineral density was high,there were no significant differences among the groups,female smokers' morbidity of abnormal bone mineral density was low,there were significant differences among the groups.Drinkers' morbidity of abnormal bone mineral density was low,there were no significant differences among the groups;People taking milk and sodas,taking more exercises suffered from lower morbidity of abnormal bone mineral density,there were significant differences among the groups.Conclusions Female,the elderly,povertyin movement,low intake of milk result in high morbidity of abnormal bone mineral density,while the influence of drinking and smoking on abnormal bone mineral density requires further research.
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ObjectiveTo make known the role of family health worker in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases.MethodsIn accordance with the inclusion criteria strictly,146 residents were recruited as samples by convenience sampling.These residents were trained with 《chronic disease family prevention guide》 provided by Beijing City Service Center,special topic discussion,peer education,and self-study.Family health worker certificate were granted for those qualified..SPSS software was used for data analysis.Results There was statistical significance,when the data was compared before and after the training program.ConclusionThe training program improved chronic disease prevention knowledge level on different extent.
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Objective To explore the effects of psychological health education on mental health status of middle school students. Methods All middle school students were randomly divided into 2 groups by cluster sampling, a interventional group and a control group. 28 students in the intervention group received group psychological consultation for two months, 30 students in the control group received no therapies.Changes of active respond and negative response subscales(ARNRS), communication anxiety scale (IAS),accommodate others scale(AOS), self-rating depression scale(SDS)were compared before and after the intervention in both groups. Results After group counseling, ARNRS, IAS, AOS, SDS in the interventional group was significantly changed compared with both pre-counseling and the control group, with P<0.05～0.0001 and P<0.05～0.0001, respectively. Conclusion Community mental health education can enhance middle-school student's psychological health level.