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Objective To improve the efficiency of blood collection in hemodialysis patients by inventing and applying new blood collection needles.Methods One hundred and eighty cases of hemodialysis patients were randomly divided into control group 1(CG1),control group 2(CG2),experimental group(EG). Comparison of the three groups in time of blood collection,the number of operation that had the risk of acupuncture injury and the number of the blood samples that had been contaminated. Results There were statistically significant difference (P<0.05)in three groups.The number of times of blood collection in the number of operations that had the risk of acupuncture injury,and the number of the blood sample that had been contaminated. CG1 had the longest blood collection time(12.55 min),EG had the shortest blood collection time(5.09 min);the risk of acupuncture injury was the highest in CG2 and the lowest in the EG.The number of contamination of blood samples and the amount of inaccurate sample in CG1 were the highest,and the lowest in the EG. Conclusions The working efficiency of transfer type anti-acupuncture needle(TTAN)during blood sample collection in hemodialysis patients is signifi-cantly better than that of traditional blood collection method,and it is helpful to reduce the risk of acupuncture injury and the risk of contamination in blood samples,which is worthy of promotion.
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Objective To explore the clinical effect of two different connecting tubes in hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion. Methods A total of 25 patients were selected and divided into observation group and control group by self- control method. In the observation group, the hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion was used 8 times, and the control group was treated with hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion 8 times using conventional connecting tube. The time of the unloading of the perfusate and the amount of physiological saline required were compared between the two groups. There was no blood spillover during the unloading of the perfusate, the number of cases of allergic reaction during the treatment, and the coagulation of the dialyzer and the pipeline after the treatment. Results There was no allergic reaction in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of saline needed to return blood (t=46.412, P=0.307). In the control group, there was 15 cases of blood spillover, while the observation group did not show blood spillover. There was significant difference between the two groups in unloading perfusion time(4.43±0.14)min vs. (3.02±0.11) min (t=10.784, P=0.003). The level Ⅰ and Ⅱ blood coagulation of dialyzer and pipeline was 12, 2 cases in the control group after the treatment and 5, 0 case in the observation group, no level Ⅲ blood coagulation cases, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (χ2=10.667, P<0.01). Conclusion In the hemodialysis combined with hemoperfusion therapy, multi-function group of the application effect is superior to conventional piping, is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective To study the effect of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) on proliferation,apoptosis and its mechanism.Methods K562 cells were treated with 2-ME of different concentrations and time in vitro.Cell apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry(FCM).Activity of NF-Kappa B in nucleus was detected by electrophoretic molility shift assay(EMSA).Results After treatment with 2-ME,K562 cells apoptotic rate increased significantly.After treatment with 4μmol/L 2-ME for 24h、36h、48h,the activity of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 were significantly higher and activity of NF-Kappa B in nucleus was significantly lower.Conclusion The present study showed that 2-ME induced apoptosis of K562 cells via active Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 and inhibit the activity of NF-kappa B in nucleus.This study provided useful experimental data for clinical application of 2-ME.
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BACKGROUND: It has been known that re-recovery of blood flow after cerebral ischema may aggravate brain injury. It has been verified in some researches that the components for activating blood circulation and removing stasis in Chinese herbs can resist cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe 4 most basic Chinese herbs for activating blood circulation and resolving stasis [honghua (Flos Carthami), taoren (Semen Persicase), chuanxiong (Rhizoma ligustici Chuanxiong) and chishao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)] as the exertive factors on their influences on immune index changes in IgG, C-reactive protein (CRP) and complements of serum and homogenate in brain tissue so as to verify their graded and time effects.DESIGN: Randomized control experiment and single blind method.SETTING: Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Hospital Affiliated to Jina University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed from January 2001 to Decemb er 2002 in Experimental Room of Traumatic Institute of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital. Totally 138 SD female adult rats were employed, mass weighted varied from 280 to 300 g, provided from Experimental Animal Center of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Honghua (Flos Carthami), taoren (Semen Persicase), chuanxiong (Rhizoma ligustici Chuanxiong)and chishao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra)] were the concentrated granules individually. At the ratio of 1:1:1:2, they were prepared into 2.5 g/mL raw herbal decoction (huoxue huayu tang).INTERVENTIONS: Thread embolic method was used to prepare cerebral medium sized artery obstruction model in rats (reperfusion for 24 hours after cerebral medium sized artery obstruction for 2 hours). Totally 138 rats were randomized into 6 groups, 23 rats in each. Sham operation group: ligature was done in each vessel without blocking medium sized artery of cerebrum.First perfusion group: 30 minutes before operation, gastric peffusion was done with 2 g/kg huoxue huayu tang. Second peffusion group: 30 minutes before operation, gastric perfusion was done with 2.5 g/kg huoxue huayu tang. Third perfusion group: before operation, gastric perfusion was done with 2 g/kg huoxue huayu tang continuously for 7 days. Fourth perfusion group: before operation, gastric perfusion was done with 2.5 g/kg huoxue huayu tang continuously for 7 days. In the control, physiological saline of all of the groups, when rats woke up, after 24 hours reperfusion and 2 hours ischemia, neural functional deficits were evaluated (5-score system, 0-1:After 24 hours reperfusion, 10 rats were randomized from each group for determination of the contents of CRP in homogenate and serum, complehours reperfusion, 10 rats were randomized from each group. After anesthetized, they were sacrificed rapidly to collect brains. Dried over heat in oven at 110℃ till constant weight, the water content of brain tissue was domized from each group to observe ultrastructure of brain tissue under transmission electron microscope (TEM) of rats in each group.and homogenate, complement C3 and C4 as well as serum IgG in rats of of severe neural functional deficits after 24 hours ischemic reperfusion in rats of each peffusion group was lower remarkably than the control (P ＜ 0.01),in which, that in fourth peffusion group was lower than second group (13%,group and each perfusion group was lower than the control (P ＜ 0.05), in which, that in third peffusion group was lower than first group (P ＜ 0.01).ment C3: That in sham operation group and each perfusion group was lower sham operation group and each perfusion group was lower than the control ( P ＜ 0.01), in which, that in third perfusion group was lower than first group (P ＜ 0.01); That in fourth perfusion group was lower than second and group and each perfusion group was lower than the control (P ＜ 0.01), in which, that in fourth perfusion group was lower than second group(P ＜ 0.05).each perfusion group was lower than the control (t=5.626-17.929, P ＜ 0.01),in which, that in third perfusion group was lower than first group (P ＜ 0.01),complement C3 in brain homogenate: That in sham operation group and each perfusion group was lower than the control (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), in which, third perfusion group was lower than first group (P ＜ 0.01), that in fourth group brain homogenate: That in sham operation group and each perfusion group was lower than the control ( P＜ 0.05-0.01), in which, that in third perfusion group was lower than first group (P ＜ 0.01), that in fourth group was lower tissue: The inflammatory reaction in the control was obvious. Brain edema and pathological damage in perfusion groups were milder than the control.Ulztrastructure was normal in sham operation group. The edema was obvious in cells, capillaries and myelin sheath in cortical necrosis margin area and neuronal cell organs were decreased in the control. In third and fourth peffusion groups, cellular membrane was clear in boundary line,integrative in structure, rich in mitochondria and even in size and the morphology of medullated fibers was normal. The situation of first and second perfusion was between two of them.deficits in the evaluation of rats and the score with long medication was lower, suggesting that long medication can even better improve neural funcplement C3 and C4 in brain bomogenate and serum and decreases serum IgG content, explaining that the medicine alleviates brain tissue injury by startup complement system. The remarkable decrease of C-reactive protein further suggests the inhibition of such medicine on inflammatory reaction.jury is, and the better result is achieved at dosage of 2.5 g/L.
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BACKGROUND: The injury of blood-brain barrier following cerebral ischemia reperfusion is a considerate pathological basis for injury caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of four most basic Chinese medicinal herbs, or safflower, peach seed, ligusticum and red peony with actions of activating blood and resolving the stasis on the contents of nitric oxide, immunoglobulins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and complements (immunological indices) of serum and cerebral homogenate, as well as the morphological and structural changes of cerebral tissue cells in rats with ischemia and reperfusion to vertify relationship between time effectiveness and quantitative effectiveness.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study, and evaluation by single blind.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Laboratory of Traumatology Institute of Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital from January 2001 to De cember 2002. Safflower, peach seed, szechwan lovge rhizome and red peony are concentrated granules of single decocting pieces, the blood activating and stasis resolving decoction was prepared at 2.5 g/L according to 1:1:1:2 ratio.Totally 138 adult female SD rats were selected for the experiment,weighing 280-300 g, provided by Animal Center of Guangzhou University of TCM.INTERVENTIONS:The models rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion were set up by thread ligation(24 hours reperfusion after 2 hours middle cerebral artery occlusion).All 138 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 23 in each group.Sham operation group:The vessels were ligated but the middle cerebral artery was not occluded.No.1 medicated group: The BASR was by gavage given in a dose of 2 g/kg 30 minutes before operation. No. 2 medicated group: The BASR was by garage given in a dose of 2.5 g/kg 30 minutes before operation. No. 3 medicated group: The BASR was by garage given in a dose of 2 g/kg for consecutive 7 days be fore operation. No. 4 medicated group: The BASR was by gavage given in a dose of 2.5 g/kg for consecutive 7 days before operation.Control group:the same volume of saline was by gavage given for consecutive 7 days before operation. ① Scoring of dysneuria (5-score system: 0-1 score meant mild dysneuria, 2-4 scores meant severe dysneuria) for all rats were performed after consciousness following 2 hours ischemia and 24 hours reperfusion.② After 24 hours reperfusion,10 rats in each group were at random selected for assay of levels of CRP, complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) (rate nephelometry), and concentration of nitric oxide (nitrate reductase method)in both cerebral homogenate and serum.③ After 24hours reperfusion, 10 rats in each group were at random selected, and after anesthesia was completed, the brain was quickly collected through decapitation, put into a 110 ℃ drying oven till its constant weight, then the water content in brain was calculated.④ The cerebral cytomorphology in every group was observed under light microscope. ⑤ After reperfusion, 3 rats in each group were randomly selected for preparation of coronal section of cerebral tissue,the cerebral ultrastructure in each group was observed under transmission electronic microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The results of dysneuria scoring in each group. ② The levels of CRP, C3 and C4, and concentration of nitric oxide in both cerebral homogenate and serum.③ The water content in brain. ④ The cerebral cytomorphology and the cerebral ultrastructure. RESULTS: All 138 rats entered into the result analysis. ① Comparison of the extents of dysneuria of rats in each group: The ratio of severe dysneuria after 24 hours ischemic reperfusion in all medicated groups was obviously lower than that in control group(P ＜ 0.01),and the ratio in No.4 medicated group was lower than that in No.2 medicated group(P ＜ 0.05).② Comparison of water contents in brain of rats in each group:The water contents in sham operation group and all medicated groups were obviously lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Comparison of the nitric oxide concentration in cerebral homogenate of rats in each group: The concentration in sham operation group and all medicated groups were obviously lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01). The concentration in No. 3medicated group was obviously lower than that in No. 1 medicated group (P ＜ 0.05).The concentration in No.4 medicated group was obviously lower than that in No. 2 medicated group (P ＜ 0.01). ④ Comparison of the nitric oxide concentration in serum of rats in each group:The concentrations in sham operation group and all medicated groups were obviously lower than that in control group(P ＜ 0.01).The concentration in No.3 medicated group was higher than that in No. 1 medicated group (P ＜ 0.05). The concentration in No. 4 medicated group was higher than those in No. 2 and in No. 3 medicated groups (P ＜ 0.05). ⑤ Comparison of the levels of CRP in cerebral homogenate and serum of rats in each group: The levels in sham operation group and all medicated groups were lower than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05-0.01).The level in No.3 medicated group was lower than that in No. 1 medicated group (P ＜ 0.01). The level in No. 4 medicated group was lower than those in No. 2 and in No. 3 medicated groups (P ＜0.05-0.01).⑥ Comparison of the levels of C3 in cerebral homogenate and serum of rats in each group:The levels in sham operation group and all medicated groups were lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). The level in No.3 medicated group was lower than that in No.1 medicated group (P ＜ 0.05). The level in No. 4 medicated group was lower than those in No. 2 and in No. 3 medicated groups (P ＜ 0.01). ⑦ Comparison of the levels of C 4 in cerebral homogenate and serum of rats in each group:The levels in sham operation group and all medicated groups were lower than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). The level in No. 3 medicated group was lower than that in No. 1 medicated group (P ＜ 0.05). The level in No.4 medicated group was lower than those in No. 2 and in No. 3 medicated groups (P ＜ 0.01). ⑧ Comparison of the condition of cerebral edema of rats in each group:In control group there was obvious cerebral congestive edema,indicating an obvious infection;while in medicated groups the extent of cerebral edema was milder than that in control group.⑨ Changes of cerebral ultrastructure of rats in each group:The ultrastructure in sham group was normal. In control group, there obvious edema of cells, capillaries and sheaths in the marginal zone of cortex necrosis,and reduction of organelles of neuron. As well. In No. 3 and No. 4 medicated groups, the limits of cell membranes were clear, the structure was integral, the chondriosomes were rich and even in size,the medullated fibers were morphologically normal.And in No.1 and No.2 medicated groups the changes were between the twoCONCLUSION:① The scoring of dysneuria in rats was decreased after the blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicine was given,and it was lower in rats that were given a longer period of medication,indicating that the improved extent for dysneuria is related to prolonged medication.②The nitric oxide concentration of cerebral tissue in rats that recevied the blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicine was decreased, and the nitric oxide concentration of serum in the rats was increased,indicating that the blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicine can reverse the anomalies of nitric concentration in different tissues after ischemic reperfusion so as to reduce cerebralinjury.③ The levels of C3 and C4 of cerebral tissue and serum in rats that received the blood-activating andstasis-resolving medicine were obviously decreased,indicating that the medicine may reduce the cerebral injury through triggering complement system;and the CRP was also get decreased,further suggesting that the medicine can inhibiting infective reaction.④ The longer the period of medication,the milder the cerebral injury, and the dose of 2.5 g/L was better in effect.
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Objective To establish a quality control process for Sysmex UF 100 Urine analyzer. Methods L J control process of UF 100 Urine analyzer; x m Q C methods; Chemistry and UF 100 methods comparison; Microscope examination Results L J control process can reflect and monitor the instrument status and the reagent quality; The x m Q C method can indicate the influence factor which come from the samples; Chemistry and UF 100′s comparison can find their contradiction and the error causes;Microscopy can make up UF 100′s test blind spots Conclusions These methods can monitor the result′s quality practically and effectively It is benefit to improve the test quality of UF 100 analyzer