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Sphingolipid metabolism is widely involved in the functional regulation of different cells, and also plays an important role in ocular tissues.Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is the end product of sphingolipid metabolism and has been shown to play an important role in the onset and development of eye diseases.S1P signaling pathway is widely expressed in various ocular cells and is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis.S1P activates a variety of signaling pathways by binding to corresponding receptors and thus plays a wide range of physiological and pathological effects in the eye.Recent studies have found that the S1P signaling pathway can not only mediate the normal development of blood vessels and nerves in the eye, maintain the normal structure of the ocular tissues, and participate in the metabolism of lipids in the eye, but also has a close relationship with immune-related inflammatory response, pathological fibrosis, destruction of cell functional barrier and other related pathological changes.This paper mainly reviewed the basic overview of the S1P signaling pathway, its physiological role in the eye, and its role in the pathological changes of anterior and posterior segment diseases, so as to provide new directions and targets for the treatment of eye diseases.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of minocycline on severe ocular rosacea.Methods:Twenty-three patients with severe ocular rosacea were recruited and received 8 weeks treatment. Oral minocycline 100 mg was given daily for the first 2 weeks, and 50 mg daily minocycline daily for the next 6 weeks. The best corrected visual acuity and the eye and body skin conditions before and after treatment were recorded. The visual acuity and the degree of skin and body inflammation were compared before and after treatment to evaluate the efficacy.Results:After 2 weeks of minocycline treatment for severe rosacea eye type, 14 patients had improved eye conditions and dermatitis subsided, with an effective rate of 60.87%; 23 patients had an effective rate of 100% after 8 weeks of treatment. No adverse drug reactions were seen during treatment. The visual acuity before treatment was 0.20±0.09, and the visual acuity was 0.14±0.07 8 weeks after treatment. The patients were followed up for 18 months without recurrence.Conclusions:Minocycline is safe and effective in treating severe ocular rosacea and can control recurrence.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical and radiological efficacy of paraspinal muscle approach with winglike working channel in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spine fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From October 2010 to August 2012, a total of 51 patients with thoracic and lumbar spine fractures without neurological symptoms were enrolled in the study, including 32 males and 19 females. All patients were divided into two groups: 26 patients were treated through posterior paraspinal muscle approach with winglike working channel, and 25 patients were treated through traditional posterior approach. In all patients, the interval between injury and operation was less than two weeks; the vertebral canal blocked area was less than 1/3 in sagittal diameter; the compression of the fractured vertebra height was less than 2/3. And the patients with pathological fracture and severe osteoporosis were excluded. The perioperative index including operative blood loss, draining loss, operative time, postoperative bed time were recorded. The clinical results were evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) for back pain preoperatively, at 3 days, 3 months, the last follow-up postoperatively and modified Macnab criteria at the last follow-up. The radiological results were evaluated by sagittal Cobb angle and the anterior height of the fractured vertebra. The data of two groups were compared statistically with paired and independent t test, χ² test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up with average of 16.6 months. In the two groups, the operative blood loss was respectively (91.5 ± 36.6) ml and (209.2 ± 38.3) ml (t=-11.216, P=0.000), draining loss was (13.7±4.4) ml and (162.3 ± 56.6) ml (t=-13.352, P=0.000), postoperative bed time was (87.3 ± 11.5) hours and (118.4 ± 20.4) hours (t=-6.727, P=0.000), VAS for back pain at 3 days postoperatively was 5.5 ± 1.0 and 6.4 ± 0.8 (t=-3.304, P=0.002), also VAS at the last follow-up was 1.0 (1.0) and 2.0 (1.0) (U=191.0, P=0.008). Data above showed significant differences between the two groups.No significant differences were found in operative time, (109.0 ± 29.7) min vs. (119.2 ± 26.8) min (t=-1.283, P=0.206), and modified Macnab criteria (χ²=0.513, P=0.774) between the two groups. The anterior height of the fractured vertebra preoperatively, at 1 week and the last follow-up postoperatively of the two groups were respectively (57.2 ± 11.8)% and (55.2 ± 10.9)% (t=0.685, P=0.496), (95.2 ± 8.3)% and (95.3 ± 5.8%) (t=-0.068, P=0.946), (92.9 ± 6.7)% and (92.1 ± 5.6)% (t=0.505, P=0.615). The sagittal Cobb angles preoperatively, at 1 week and the last follow-up postoperatively of the two groups were respectively 21.0° (12.5°) and 23.0° (12.0°) (U=316.0, P=0.544), 3.0° (5.5°) and 4.0° (4.5°) (U=342.5, P=0.893), 4.0° (5.5°) and 6.0° (6.0°) (U=328.5, P=0.701). There were no significant differences of these radiological results between the two groups in the same time point.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The paraspinal muscle approach with winglike working channel in the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spine fracture is an efficient surgical option which can acquire satisfactory clinical and radiological results.</p>