Establishment and evaluation of a recurrent infection model of herpes simplex keratitis in BALB/c mice / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To explore the establishment and evaluation method of recurrent infection model of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK).Methods:To determine the optimal duration of the ultraviolet light irradiation, 12 healthy BALB/c mice were randomized into 3 minutes group, 2 minutes and 45 seconds group, and 2 minutes and 30 seconds group based on the duration of the ultraviolet light irradiation according to random number table method, with 4 mice in each group.Another 72 healthy BALB/c mice were randomized into blank control group, model group and recurrence group according to random number table method, with 24 mice in each group.The 72 mice were scratched a # symbol on their right corneas with scalpel.Then the eyes in the blank control group were treated with 5 μl of normal saline solution, while the eyes in the model group and recurrence group were treated with 5 μl of herpes simplex virus I (HSV-1) suspension.All the 72 mice were not intraperitoneally injected with HSV-1 xenogeneic serum antibody.Five weeks after the initial infection, the mice in the recurrence group were irradiated at ultraviolet B-302 nm for the optimal duration.The feasibility of establishing HSK recurrence model induced by this method was evaluated by the score of ocular surface symptoms, and the cytopathic effect (CPE) lesion analysis of Vero cells cultured in corneal wiping fluid from the mice in the model group and recurrence group.The use and care of the animals complied with the Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No.PZSHUTCM190222039).Results:The optimal duration of the ultraviolet light irradiation was 2 minutes and 45 seconds.Within one week, HSK syndromes appeared in the mice injected with HSV-1 virus in the model group and recurrence group, and then gradually disappeared after one week.Before inducing recurrence, slit lamp examination was performed, and there was no spontaneous recurrence of HSK in the model group and recurrence group.The mice in the recurrence group relapsed within one week after ultraviolet light irradiation.The symptom scores of ocular surface lesions in the blank control group, model group and recurrence group were 0.333±0.471, 1.500±0.764 and 2.667±0.943 at one day after ultraviolet light irradiation, 0.000±0.000, 0.833±0.373 and 5.167±2.267 at three days after ultraviolet light irradiation, and 0.167±0.373, 1.000±0.577 and 3.000±1.155 at seven days after ultraviolet light irradiation, respectively.The symptom score of ocular surface lesions was higher in the recurrence group than the blank group and the model group at three days after ultraviolet light irradiation, and the differences were statistically significant (both at P<0.05). Morphological changes such as floating and gathering were found in the Vero cells after being cultured in corneal wiping fluid.The positive rate of CPE lesion was 71% (17/24) in the recurrence group, which was significantly higher than 8% (2/24) in the model group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). Combining the two indicators, the success rate of recurrence in established models could reach 71%. Conclusions:Ultraviolet light irradiation can successfully induce the recurrence of viral keratitis in HSK mice without injection of neutralizing serum antibody.

Impact of previous abdominal surgery on the outcomes of laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of previous abdominal surgery(PAS) on laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The retrospective cohort study was adopted.Clinical data of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with PAS history (past history of at least one abdominal surgery, exclusion of previous inguinal hernia repair, simple laparoscopic approach, appendectomy of the right lower quadrant and endoscopic therapy) undergoing laparoscopic surgery at the Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between 2010 and 2015 were collected, meanwhile other colorectal cancer patients without PAS history were selected according to 1 to 1 match in age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, tumor location, type of surgery, and staging of tumor. A total of 464 pairs were successfully matched. Intraoperative and postoperative conditions, perioperative complications and prognosis were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In PAS group, there were 341 males (73.5%) and 123 females (26.5%) with a median age of 62 (24-85) years; 317(68.3%) cases with only one previous abdominal surgery and 147(31.7%) with more than one; 389(83.8%) cases with abdominal midline incisions, 37(8.0%) with transverse incisions, 34(7.3%) with right subcostal incision and 4(0.9%) with left subcostal incision; 146(31.5%) cases undergoing gynecologic surgery, 84(18.1%) cholecystectomy, 52(11.2%) gastroduodenal surgery, 89(19.2%) colorectal surgery, 11(2.4%) small intestine surgery, 23(5.0%) hapatectomy, 16(3.4%) pancreatic surgery, 8(1.7%) urological surgery, 18(3.9%) retroperitoneal tumor resection and 1(0.2%) other surgery. In no PAS group, there were 328 males (70.7%) and 136 females (29.3%) with a median age of 62(24-86) years. No significant differences in baseline data were found between the two groups (all P>0.05). As compared to no PAS group, PAS group had longer mean operative time [(208.0±27.0) minutes vs. (179.0±15.3) minutes, t=4.695, P=0.003] and higher rate of conversion to laparotomy [18.1%(84/464) vs. 11.6%(54/464), χ=7.217, P=0.003]. In the PAS group, conversion to laparotomy was more common due to adhesion reaction [8.8%(41/464) vs. 4.5%(21/464), χ=4.886, P=0.007]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in intraoperative bleeding and transfusion, lymph node dissection, circumferential margin and surgical margin, time to the first diet and postoperative hospital stay(all P>0.05). No significant differences in intraoperative and postoperative morbidity of complication were found between PAS group and no PAS group [3.7%(17/464) vs. 2.8%(13/464), P=0.346; 20.3%(94/464) vs. 18.5%(86/464), P=0.739]. Median follow-up of the whole patients was 32.0(0.5-79.0) months, and there was no significant difference between the two groups [PAS group 31.0(0.5-79.0) months vs. no PAS group 33.0(1.0-75.0) months, P=0.391]. In PAS and no PAS group, the 3-year disease-free survival rate was 68.1%(95%CI: 62.0%-74.2%) and 68.5%(95%CI: 63.0%-74.0%)(P=0.764), and 3-year overall survival rate was 78.5%(95%CI: 72.8%-81.4%) and 80.2%(95%CI:74.3%-86.1%)(P=0.528) respectively, whose differences were not significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Except higher risk of conversion to laparotomy due to adhesion reaction, laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer is safe and feasible in patients with PAS, and the prognosis is not affected by PAS.</p>

Step-by-step phacoemulsification training program for ophthalmology residents.

Aims: The aim was to analyze the learning curve of phacoemulsification (phaco) performed by residents without experience in performing extra‑capsular cataract extraction (ECCE) in a step‑by‑step training program (SBSTP). Materials and Methods: Consecutive surgical records of phaco performed from March 2009 to Sept 2011 by four residents without previous ECCE experience were retrospectively reviewed. The completion rate of the first 30 procedures by each resident was calculated. The main intraoperative phaco parameter records for the first 30 surgeries by each resident were compared with those for their last 30 surgeries. Intraoperative complications in the residents’ procedures were also recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 1013 surgeries were performed by residents. The completion rate for the first 30 phaco procedures was 79.2 ± 5.8%. The main reasons for halting the procedure were as follows: Anterior capsule tear, inability to crack the nucleus, and posterior capsular rupture during phaco or cortex removal. Cumulative dissipated energy of phaco power used during the surgeries was significantly less in the last 30 cases compared with the first 30 cases (30.10 ± 17.58 vs. 55.41 ± 37.59, P = 0.021). Posterior capsular rupture rate was 2.5 ± 1.2% in total (10.8 ± 4.2% in the first 30 cases and 1.7 ± 1.9% in the last 30 cases, P = 0.008; a statistically significant difference). Conclusion: The step‑by‑step training program might be a necessary process for a resident to transit from dependence to a self‑supported operator. It is also an essential middle step between wet lab training to performing the entire phaco procedure on the patient both effectively and safely.

Research on patulin biosynthesis and infection of Chinese medicinal materials by its producing strains / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of patulin producing strains on the different Chinese medicinal materials and the toxin biosynthesis mechanism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Microbiology and HPLC analytical methods were adopted in this paper.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>It was showed that the materials rich in starch and other polysaccharides were easily polluted by the patulin producing strain. This strain grew well and produced more toxins under 25 degrees C, 95% moisture content and bulk package. And the effect of low illumination intensity on the strain growth and toxin biosynthesis was not notable. Sample stability, precision, repeatability and rate of recovery were studied. HPLC analytic method was established and it revealed that the test method was suitable.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pollution of Chinese medicinal materials by toxin producing microbes will be effectively controlled through establishing the suitable storage methods. So the study on the growing characteristics and toxin biosynthesis mechanism of toxin producing strains will be an important practical significance for controlling the toxin pollution of herbal medicines and contribute to establish the evaluation system of Chinese medicine safety.</p>

Effect of endophytic fungal elicitors on growth and atractylodin accumulation of cell suspension cultures of Atractylodes lancea / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of endophytic fungal elicitors on the growth and atractylodin accumulation of cell suspension cultures of Atractylodes lancea.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The endophytic fungal elicitors were added to the medium with different concentrations and culture period. Their effects on biomass, atractylodin content and relevant enzyme activities in suspension cultured cells were studied.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The cell growth was not affected by elicitors at low concentration and obviously inhibited at high concentration. Inhibition rate reached 46.7% by 100 mg L(-1) elicitor. In addition, six strains from A. lancea, among which Rhizoctonia SP1 activity was higher, had distinctly promoted the accumulation of atractylodin. Atractylodin biosynthesis was notably promoted by 20-60 mg L(-1) Rhizoctonia SP1 elicitor. When 40 mg L(-1) Rhizoctonia SP1 elicitor was added in the medium at the 12 day, the maximum content of atractylodin was 28.06 microg L(-1) at the 21 day with 48.3% higher than that of the control and PPO, POD and CAT activities remarkably increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adding the endophytic elicitors to the medium is able to be effective approaches to enhance atractylodin yield in the suspension culture cell of A. lancea.</p>

Extra-adrenal paraganglioma: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases and literature review / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To study the clinicopathologic feature, classification, benign or malignant histological features and differential diagnosis of extra-adrenal paraganglioma.Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 21 cases of extra-adrenal (sympathetic and parasympathetic) paraganglioma. Histological, immunohistochemical findings, and follow-up data were reported with review of the relative literatures.Results There were 10 male and 11 female patients aged from 9 to 81 years (mean 46.5 years).Ten tumors occurred in the retroperitoneum, seven in the neck, and one case in the mediastinum, urinary bladder, spermatic cord and kidney, respectively.There were 3 cases of functional and 18 cases of non-functional paragangliomas.Histologically, the tumor was composed of chief cells and sustentacular cells. The chief cells were arranged in nests, alveolAR~-like and stereo-like structures.They were surrounded by sustentacular cells partly or completely.There was one malignant case, in which tumor cells had significant cell atypia and nuclear mitosis, and focal or diffuse necrosis, regional lymph node metastasis and blood vessel involvement were also observed.Immunohistochemical investigations revealed chief cells were intensely positive for neuroendocrine markers such as NSE, CgA, Syn and NF, but negative for CK, EMA and SMA.Sustentacular cells were positive for S-100 protein.The malignant cells were only positive for NSE and weakly positive for CgA.Eighteen cases were followed up.One patient developed to multi-organ metastasis and died.One patient was diagnosed as benign extra-adrenal paraganglioma that recurred and involved adjacent organs after 3 years.Conclusions It is generally considered that malignant potential, local invasiveness and distant metastasis are not correlated with the histological appearances of the extra-adrenal paraganglioma.So,further follow-up will be needed. It is necessary to emphasize the differential diagnoses of extra-adrenal paraganglioma from other pleiomorphic tumors.

Research on callus induction and cell suspension culture of Changium smyrnioides / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the technical systems of callus induction and the cell suspension culture of Changium smyrnioides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Effects of different plant growth regulators on leaf, petiole and root callus induction were studied by orthogonal design, and cell suspension cultures from different explants were carried out.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Petiole was optimal to form callus, followed by the root and leaf. Four kinds of plant growth regulators showed a significant effect on the petiole and root callus induction. The optimal plant growth regulators for petiole callus induction was 0.5 mg x L(-1) NAA, 0.5 mg x L(-1) 2,4-D, 0.1 mg x L(-1) KT and 0.5 mg x L(-1) 6-BA; and induction rate reached to 100% when petiole was cultured for 14 days. In addition, when cell from petiole callus was cultured for 21 days, the maximum yields of cell biomass and polysaccharide were 1090.28 mg x L(-1) and 36.85 mg x L(-1), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Petiole was taken as the optimal explant for inducing callus and the optimal cell origin for the cell suspension culture of C. smyrnioides.</p>

Investigation of research method of fingerprint pharmacodynamics of traditional Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

Fingerprinting techniques play a increasingly important role in the quality control standards of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), research and establish the fingerprint about spectral-efficiency could improve the quality control of TCM. The necessity of the fingerprint pharmacodynamics research and the analysis and evaluation of the research methods in the existing literature at home and abroad were reviewed in this article, Combined with the author's laboratory research, we proposed the research methods of fingerprint pharmacodynamics of TCM and provided the basis for effectively promoting the the establishment and development of fingerprint pharmacodynamics of Chinese medicine compound preparations.

Difficulty and discrimination of academic skill diagnostic test / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To examine the difficulty and discrimination of academic skill diagnostic test(ASDT).Methods About 1000 primary school students were administered the ASDT,and data were analysed by SPSS11.0 program.Results The difficulty of sub-tests ranged from 0.49～0.78(low edition),0.52～0.86(high edition);while the discrimination of sub-tests ranged from 0.31～0.55(low edition),0.21～0.56(high edition).The coefficients for test-retest and the whole test ranged from 0.36～0.61(low edition),0.39～0.60(high edition).Conclusion ASDT developed in the present study attains acceptable psychometric properties.

Ecological distribution and elicitor activities of endophytic fungi in Changium smyrnioides / 中草药

Objective The population structure and ecological distribution of endophytic fungi in Changium smyrnioides from the different habitats and growing phases,and the effects of fungal elicitor on the cell biomass and polysaccharide accumulation were studied in this paper.Methods The isolation,culture,and identification of microorganism,and plant cell suspension culture technology were adopted;And relative data were analyzed by the statistical methods.Results In four producing areas,116 strains were isolated and classified into eight genera.The dominant populations were Fusarium LK.ex FR.,Geotrichum LK.,and Alternaria Nees.The population structure of endophytic fungi obviously changed at the different growing phases.Species and quantity of endophytic fungi were plentiful at the seedling stage and bud stage,and especially at the bud stage the isolation rate and isolation frequency were more than 30% and 19%,respectively.Some endophytic fungi had the obvious area and tissue specificity.Compared with the control by adding the elicitor of Fusarium sp.3,the yields of cell biomass and polysaccharide were increased to 31.86% and 38.01%,respectively.Conclusion Endophytic fungi in C.smyrnioides have abundant biodiversity.And there is close relationship between the population structure and distribution of endophytic fungi with ecological conditions.And fungal elicitors could obviously enhance the yields of cell biomass and polysaccharide of C.smyrnioides.