Clinical characteristics and survival analysis of patients with clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma based on SEER database / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To evaluate the clinical characteristics and survival of patients with rare clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (ccpRCC). 【Methods】 Clinical data of ccpRCC cases treated during 2016 and 2019 were analyzed, clinical characteristics were described, and survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. 【Results】 In the SEER database, 191 ccpRCC cases with complete clinical data and positive histology were retrieved, including 112 males (58.7%) and 79 females (41.3%), 136 Grade 1-2 (71.2%) cases and 19 Grade 3-4 (10.0%) cases, 174 stage T1 (91.1%) cases and 17 stage T2-3 (8.9%) cases. Distant metastasis (lung metastasis combined with lymph node involvement and major vein involvement) occurred in one case, and vein tumor thrombosis occurred in two patients. Surgery especially radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy was performed in 181 patients (94.8%). One patient died due to recurrence, and 4 due to other causes. The 12-month and 24-month survival were 98.5% and 97.4%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Patients with ccpRCC have low clinical stage and histological grade, minimal tumor progression and distant metastasis, good prognosis and extremely low disease-specific mortality. Radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy have significant therapeutic effects.

Research advances in the reversal of liver fibrosis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Chronic liver injury caused by any etiology will lead to liver fibrosis, and it was believed in the past that liver fibrosis is a static and irreversible pathophysiological process. In recent years, with the rapid development of molecular biology and the in-depth research on the microscopic aspect of the liver, more and more evidence has shown that liver fibrosis is a dynamic and reversible process. This article reviews the reports of different methods for evaluating the reversal of liver fibrosis caused by various etiologies, summarizes the pathogenesis and reversal mechanism of liver fibrosis, reviews the therapeutic drugs for reversal, and summarizes the current evaluation methods for liver fibrosis, and finally, it is believed that timely clearance or control of potential etiology may help to achieve the reversal of liver fibrosis to a certain degree.

Effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of esketamine on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methods:Two hundred and twenty-four elderly patients, aged ≥ 65 yr, with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅲ, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=112 each) using a random number table method: esketamine group (S group) and control group (C group). Esketamine 0.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected before anesthesia induction in S group, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C group.The Fuzzy Consciousness Assessment Scale (3D-CAM) was used to assess the occurrence of POD within 7 days after surgery.The consumption of propofol, remifentanil and sufentanil and use of vasoactive drugs were recorded during operation.The rescue analgesia within 48 h after operation and occurrence of postoperative complications were recorded. Results:Compared with C group, the incidence of POD was significantly decreased, the intraoperative consumption of remifentanil was reduced, and the utilization rate of vasoactive drugs, rate of rescue analgesia and incidence of postoperative vertigo, nausea and vomiting within 48 h after surgery were decreased in S group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Esketamine can reduce the development of POD in elderly patients.

Impact of Bayesian penalized likelihood algorithm on the metabolism parameters and image quality in 18F-FDG PET/CT background tissues / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) PET reconstruction method on the uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) of lungs, liver, aorta and bones. Methods:From March 2019 to June 2019, the 18F-FDG PET/CT images of 60 patients with clinical diagnosed tumors (29 males, 31 females, age: 24-89 (60.4±15.2) years) in Yuhuangding Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. PET images were reconstructed with ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM), time of flight (TOF)+ point spread function (PSF) and BPL (β=350) algorithms. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were delineated on the right upper lung lobe, the right liver, aortic root and lumbar vertebra. The mean standardized uptake value (SUV mean), maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max), peak of lean body standardized uptake value (SUL peak), standard deviation of standardized uptake value (SUV SD) and the SNR were measured. The percentage of SNR change (%ΔSNR) between the BPL method and non-BPL methods were calculated. The correlations between body mass index (BMI) and %ΔSNR were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. One-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference (LSD) t test were used to analyze the data. Results:There were no significant differences of SUV mean and SUL peak in lung, aorta, liver and lumbar vertebra among 3 methods ( F values: 0.04-1.95, all P>0.05). The SUV max in lung, aorta, liver and lumbar vertebra of BPL reconstruction (1.14±0.82, 2.13±0.37, 2.95±0.50 and 2.76±0.87) was significantly lower than those of TOF+ PSF (1.56±0.61, 2.99±0.75, 4.32±0.94 and 4.05±1.48) and OSEM (1.51±0.67, 3.00±0.70, 4.45±1.12 and 3.81±1.06) reconstructions ( F values: 20.59-52.24, all P<0.001) and SUV SD (0.13±0.07, 0.20±0.05, 0.26±0.06, 0.38±0.17) was also significantly lower than those of TOF+ PSF (0.24±0.11, 0.43±0.11, 0.58±0.15, 0.67±0.21) and OSEM (0.21±0.09, 0.42±0.10, 0.58±0.14, 0.63±0.20) reconstructions ( F values: 24.46-124.95, all P<0.001), while the SNR (4.67±1.34, 7.74±2.22, 8.17±1.77, 4.45±1.22) was significantly higher than those of TOF+ PSF (2.54±0.72, 3.55±0.82, 3.77±0.91, 2.49±0.69) and OSEM (2.65±0.64, 3.67±0.80, 3.75±0.87, 2.60±0.67) reconstructions ( F values: 83.04-247.73, all P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences between OSEM and TOF+ PSF reconstructed images in SUL peak, SUV mean, SUV SD and SNR (all P>0.05). In BPL group, SNR increased with the increase of BMI, and there were statistically differences of aortic SNR (7.07±2.21 vs 9.67±2.26) and liver SNR (7.75±1.85 vs 9.32±0.70) between BMI<25 kg/m 2 and BMI≥30 kg/m 2 ( F values: 3.46 and 4.19, both P<0.05). Positive correlations were found between %ΔSNR of lung, aorta, liver and lumbar vertebra in OSEM and TOF+ PSF and BMI ( r value: 0.042-0.354, all P<0.05). Conclusion:In background tissues, BPL algorithm has no significant impact on absolute quantification compared with OSEM and TOF + PSF reconstruction methods but it can significantly improve SNR, especially for the patients with large body weight.

Enhancing immune responses to inactivated foot-and-mouth virus vaccine by a polysaccharide adjuvant of aqueous extracts from Artemisia rupestris L

Background@#New-generation adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines can improve the efficacy of existing vaccines. Chinese medicinal herb polysaccharide possesses better promoting effects. @*Objectives@#In this study, the aqueous extract from Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR), an immunoregulatory crude polysaccharide, was utilized as the adjuvant of inactivated FMDV vaccine to explore their immune regulation roles. @*Methods@#The mice in each group were subcutaneously injected with different vaccine formulations containing inactivated FMDV antigen adjuvanted with three doses (low, medium, and high) of AEAR or AEAR with ISA-206 adjuvant for 2 times respectively in 1 and 14 days. The variations of antibody level, lymphocyte count, and cytokine secretion in 14 to 42 days after first vaccination were monitored. Then cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and antibody duration were measured after the second vaccination. @*Results@#AEAR significantly induced FMDV-specific antibody titers and lymphocyte activation. AEAR at a medium dose stimulated Th1/Th2-type response through interleukin-4 and interferon-γ secreted by CD4+ T cells. Effective T lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated by AEAR. Importantly, the efficient CTL response was remarkably provoked by AEAR. Furthermore, AEAR at a low dose and ISA-206 adjuvant also synergistically promoted immune responses more significantly in immunized mice than those injected with only ISA-206 adjuvant and the stable antibody duration without body weight loss was 6 months. @*Conclusions@#These findings suggested that AEAR had potential utility as a polysaccharide adjuvant for FMDV vaccines.

The current status and future prospects of DNA computing / 生物工程学报

As the demand for high-performance computing continues to grow, traditional computing models are facing unprecedented challenges. Among the many emerging computing technologies, DNA computing has attracted much attention due to its low energy consumption and parallelism. The DNA circuit, which is the basis for DNA computing, is an important technology for the regulation and processing of the molecular information. This review highlights the basic principles of DNA computing, summarizes the latest research progress, and concludes with a discussion of the challenges of DNA computing. Such integrated molecular computing systems are expected to be widely used in the fields of aerospace, information security and defense system.

Autologous blood transfusion drainage and simple drainage after lumbar surgery: A comparative study / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of autologous blood transfusion(ABT) drainage system and simple drainage(using drainage bags) on the prognosis of patients after lumbar surgery. 【Methods】 The patients admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of our hospital from August 2018 to September 2020 who underwent posterior open lumbar internal fixation and fusion were divided into two groups according to different drainage methods adopted after surgery: 50 patients were randomly selected from the patients who received postoperative ABT system for drainage as ABT group, and 50 patients were randomly selected from the patients who received postoperative drainage by drainage bag as simple drainage bgroup(the control group). The postoperative drainage volume, actual postoperative drainage, total dominant blood loss, total autologous blood transfusion volume, as well as the postoperative anemia indexes, infection indexes and albumin levels in d1, d3 and d7 of the 2 groups were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 The gender, age, operation duration and operation segment of the 2 groups were comparable (P>0.05), and preoperative Hb, Hct, ALB, WBC, NE%, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative autologous blood transfusion volume and actual postoperative drainage volume were similar (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in Hb, Hct, ALB, WBC, NE% and CRP in postoperative d1, d3 and d7, as well as in preoperative and postoperative Hb, Hct and ALB, and in postoperative and preoperative WBC, NE% and CRP (P>0.05). The postoperative drainage volume (mL) and total dominant blood loss (mL) in ABT group and the control group were 554.40±176.82 vs 337.80±102.43, and 1 048.40±282.87 vs 791.80±277.02, respectively (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The use of ABT drainage system after lumbar surgery increased the drainage volume compared with simple drainage, but the improvement of anemia, albumin and infection was not obvious. ABT system should not be used routinely for drainage after lumbar surgery.

Effect and Mechanism Study of Sodium Houttuyfonate on Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting ROS and Inflammation

Purpose@#Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation (MV) that increases morbidity and mortality of patients receiving ventilator treatment. This study aimed to reveal the molecular mechanism of sodium houttuyfonate (SH) on VILI. @*Materials and Methods@#The male mice VILI model was established by high tidal volume ventilation. The cell model was established by performing cell stretch (CS) experiments on murine respiratory epithelial cells MLE-15. In addition, the JNK activator Anisomycin and JNK inhibitor SP600125 were used on VILI mice and CS-treated cells. @*Results@#VILI modeling damaged the structural integrity, increased apoptosis and wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio, enhanced the levels of inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA), and activated JNK pathway in lung tissues. SH gavage alleviated lung injury, decreased apoptosis and W/D ratio, and reduced levels of inflammatory factors, ROS and MDA, and p-JNK/JNK expression of lung tissues in VILI mice. However, activation of JNK wiped the protective effect of SH on VILI. Contrary results were found in experiments with JNK inhibitor SP600125. @*Conclusion@#SH relieved VILI by inhibiting the ROS-mediated JNK pathway.

Enhancing immune responses to inactivated foot-and-mouth virus vaccine by a polysaccharide adjuvant of aqueous extracts from Artemisia rupestris L

Background@#New-generation adjuvants for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines can improve the efficacy of existing vaccines. Chinese medicinal herb polysaccharide possesses better promoting effects. @*Objectives@#In this study, the aqueous extract from Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR), an immunoregulatory crude polysaccharide, was utilized as the adjuvant of inactivated FMDV vaccine to explore their immune regulation roles. @*Methods@#The mice in each group were subcutaneously injected with different vaccine formulations containing inactivated FMDV antigen adjuvanted with three doses (low, medium, and high) of AEAR or AEAR with ISA-206 adjuvant for 2 times respectively in 1 and 14 days. The variations of antibody level, lymphocyte count, and cytokine secretion in 14 to 42 days after first vaccination were monitored. Then cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and antibody duration were measured after the second vaccination. @*Results@#AEAR significantly induced FMDV-specific antibody titers and lymphocyte activation. AEAR at a medium dose stimulated Th1/Th2-type response through interleukin-4 and interferon-γ secreted by CD4+ T cells. Effective T lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated by AEAR. Importantly, the efficient CTL response was remarkably provoked by AEAR. Furthermore, AEAR at a low dose and ISA-206 adjuvant also synergistically promoted immune responses more significantly in immunized mice than those injected with only ISA-206 adjuvant and the stable antibody duration without body weight loss was 6 months. @*Conclusions@#These findings suggested that AEAR had potential utility as a polysaccharide adjuvant for FMDV vaccines.

Effect and Mechanism Study of Sodium Houttuyfonate on Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting ROS and Inflammation

Purpose@#Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation (MV) that increases morbidity and mortality of patients receiving ventilator treatment. This study aimed to reveal the molecular mechanism of sodium houttuyfonate (SH) on VILI. @*Materials and Methods@#The male mice VILI model was established by high tidal volume ventilation. The cell model was established by performing cell stretch (CS) experiments on murine respiratory epithelial cells MLE-15. In addition, the JNK activator Anisomycin and JNK inhibitor SP600125 were used on VILI mice and CS-treated cells. @*Results@#VILI modeling damaged the structural integrity, increased apoptosis and wet-to-dry (W/D) ratio, enhanced the levels of inflammatory factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA), and activated JNK pathway in lung tissues. SH gavage alleviated lung injury, decreased apoptosis and W/D ratio, and reduced levels of inflammatory factors, ROS and MDA, and p-JNK/JNK expression of lung tissues in VILI mice. However, activation of JNK wiped the protective effect of SH on VILI. Contrary results were found in experiments with JNK inhibitor SP600125. @*Conclusion@#SH relieved VILI by inhibiting the ROS-mediated JNK pathway.

Recent progress in developing of thrombolytic agents for ischemic stroke / 生物工程学报

Ischemic stroke is a major health crisis causing high mortality and morbidity. The key treatment relies on the rapid intervention to dissolve thrombus, to reduce bleeding side effect and re-canalize clotted blood vessels using clot lysis drugs. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only FDA-approved drug for ischemic stroke, but it has many limitations in clinical use. In recent years, the development of thrombolytic drugs and treatment strategies based on tPA has been progressed rapidly. Here we review the recent progress in this field, including the contributions from us and others, to promote the future development of novel thrombolytic drugs.

A Multi-center Study on characteristics and influencing factors of hospitalized nutritional status in small for gestational age in infants born late preterm / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective:To investigate the current nutrition support status of hospitalized small for gestational age infants born late preterm in hospitals of Beijing, and analyze the influencing factors.Methods:Clinical data of late preterm infants from 25 medical units in Beijing between October 2015 and October 2017 was collected and analyzed. Infants were assigned into two groups according to the relationship between their gestational age and birth body weight as small for gestational age(SGA) group and not small for gestational age(non-SGA) group, to compare their nutritional status and explore the related influential factors.Results:Totally, 1 347 late preterm infants were enrolled, including 730 males and 617 females, 151 in SGA group and 1 196 in non-SGA group. The data showed that the rate of exclusive breast-feeding was higher (5.3% vs 4.5%, P<0.01), and the increasing of milk volume was slower [11.0 vs 12.1 ml/(kg·d), P=0.003] in SGA group. More parenteral nutrition was used (77.5% vs 53.1%, P<0.01), and the duration of parenteral nutrition was longer (5.0 vs 2.0 days, P<0.01) in SGA group. The birth weight(1 940 vs 2 490 g, P<0.01), the lowest body weight(1 890 vs 2 400 g, P<0.01) and the discharged body weight(2 135 vs 2 530 g, P<0.01)were lower in SGA group. The SGA group showed lower body weight loss(3.1% vs 8.0%, P=0.015), slower weight growth(13.3 vs 33.0 g/d, P<0.01), and longer length of hospital stay (11.0 vs 8.0 days, P<0.01). In SGA group, the milk volume at discharge [145.6 vs 122.2 ml/(kg·d), P<0.01] and the caloric of enteral feeding at discharge [443.9 vs 384.1 kJ/(kg·d), P<0.01] were higher, the rate of infants who regained their birth weight during hospitalization(78.8% vs 57.9%, P<0.01) was higher, and the rate of ones who achieve full enteral feeding (31.8% vs 16.6%, P<0.01) was higher. A Cox regression analysis in which we set infants can achieve full enteral feeding as goal showed that independent factors associated with full enteral feeding at discharge in SGA group included the increasing of enteral feeding, the duration of parenteral nutrition, whether the length of hospital stay longer than 7 days or not whether exclusive breastfeeding and whether the mothers of enrolled infants were diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus or placental abruption during pregnancy ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Infants in SGA group show slower increasing of milk volume and lower caloric amount of enteral feeding. More parenteral nutrition is used, and the duration of parenteral nutrition is longer in SGA group. Due to the longer length of hospital stay in SGA group, the milk volume and the caloric of enteral feeding at discharge are higher, more infants regain their birth weight during hospitalization, and more infants achieve full enteral feeding at discharge. Despite of higher portion of parenteral nutrition, infants in SGA group show slower weight growth and lower body weight at discharge.

Autophagy is involved in the dysfunction of vascular endothelial induced by arsenic / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To explore whether autophagy is involved in dysfunction of vascular endothelial induced by sodium arsenite (NaAsO 2). Methods:Human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells were isolated and cultured. The cells were treated with different levels of NaAsO 2 [0 (control)), 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 μmol/L] for 24 h, and cell viability was determined using CCK8. According to the results of CCK8, the levels of arsenite used in subsequent experiments were determined, intracellular nitric oxide (NO) content (incubated by NaAsO 2 for 4 h) was detected by flow cytometry, LC3 levels (incubated by NaAsO 2 for 0, 6, 12 and 24 h) was detected using Western blotting, and autophagosome (incubated by NaAsO 2 for 12 h) was observed by electron microscope. At the same time, human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with 0.1 mmol/L 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor) for 2 h, and induced by 30 μmol/L NaAsO 2, and the above detection indicators were compared with those of the 30 μmol/L NaAsO 2 group. Results:Human primary umbilical vein endothelial cells were successfully isolated and cultured. Compared with the control group [cell viability: (99.97 ± 5.33)%, NO content: 42 048.34 ± 789.61], the cell viability [(73.00 ± 0.86)%] and NO content (23 353.97 ± 971.85) of 30 μmol/L NaAsO 2 group were remarkably lower, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.01). Incubated with 30 μmol/L NaAsO 2 at different time points 6, 12, 24 h, LC3Ⅱ levels (5.782 ± 2.789, 9.692 ± 2.222, 5.573 ± 2.941) were significantly elevated than those of control group (1.000 ± 0.383, P < 0.05), and the LC3 Ⅱ level was the highest at 12 h. After treatment with 30 μmol/L NaAsO 2 for 12 h, the number of autophagosome in cells observed under electron microscope was significantly higher than that of the control group. Compared with 30 μmol/L NaAsO 2 group [cell viability: (68.78 ± 1.55)%, LC3 Ⅱ level: 5.680 ± 0.545, NO content: 13 025.78 ± 962.61], cell viability [ (79.54 ± 4.99) %] in 3-MA+ NaAsO 2 group was increased, the LC3Ⅱ level (3.956 ± 0.398) was decreased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05); intracellular NO content (13 988.51 ± 1 671.07) increased, whereas the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Autophagy is involved in the vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by arsenic.

Promoting effect of osteopractic total flavone combined with nano-bone materials on proliferationand differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Preliminary study has found that osteopractic total flavone can promote osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of nano-bone material, but the underlying mechanism needs to be studied in depth. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the actin mechanism of osteopractic total flavone combined with nano-bone material on MC3T3-E1 cells. METHODS: MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with nano-bone material, and 100 mg/L and 250 mg/L osteopractic total flavone were treated as drug intervention, including 10 μg/L transforming growth factor-β as positive control. The samples were divided into eight groups: (1) Normal group; (2) DKK1 group: Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 (0.1 mg/L) blocks Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway; (3) DKK1+transforming growth factor-β group; (4) DKK1+100 mg/L osteopractic total flavone group; (5) DKK1+250 mg/L osteopractic total flavone group; (6) DKK1+ nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen+transforming growth factor-β group; (7) DKK1+nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen+100 mg/L osteopractic total flavone group; (8) DKK1+nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen+250 mg/L osteopractic total flavone group. Cells in each group were harvested after 24 and 48 hours of intervention. Immunofluorescence labeling was used to observe the binding of Wnt and LRP in osteoblasts in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The expression of β-catenin, LRP 5, GSK-3β, Cyclin D1, and RUNX2 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Confocal laser scanning microscope showed that obvious brown and yellow staining was shown in the DKK1+transforming growth factor-β group, DKK1+250 mg/L osteopractic total flavone group, DKK1+nano-hydroxyapatite/ collagen+transforming growth factor-β group, and DKK1+nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen+250 mg/L osteopractic total flavone group, indicating that Wnt and LRP combined better than other groups. (2) Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay results showed that osteopractic total flavone could promote the expression of β-catenin, LRP5 and RUNX2, and downregulated GSK3β expression. These findings confirm that osteopractic total flavone can promote the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Gene activation induced by osteopractic total flavone was dose-dependent.

Analysis of recall lawsuit of artificial knee prosthesis in USA and its enlightenment / 中华骨科杂志

Total knee replacement is an effective method to treat serious knee joint diseases.The rapid development in the technology of artificial knee joints has led to a quickly increasing number of knee replacement surgeries.The clinical results of total knee arthroplasty depend on many factors.These factors include the surgical technique,selection of the patient and design of the prosthesis.Recent development of Chinese artificial knee joints will eventually put these products into the international markets.Before entering the international markets,it is necessary to fully understand the foreign medical regulations and laws,and to prevent from adverse events such as recall litigations,especially in Europe and America.Hence,the quality assurance system of the products and production management system should be promoted.Therefore,the experiences of famous international companies should be used to effectively improve the qualities of Chinese medical devices.The present article reviewed the recent recalls of products of five artificial knee prosthesis enterprises by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and analyzed the causes of product recalls and related literatures of adverse events in clinical use.

Effects of water extracts of Lepidium meyenii walp (maca) growing in two different places in Xin-jiang on the maturation and function of dendritic cells / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of water extracts of Lepidium meyenii walp (LMWE) collected from two different places in Xinjiang on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs) and to evaluate their roles in immunoregulation. Methods Water extracts of LMWE growing in Tashikuergan County (Ta xian) and A La gou of Xinjiang were prepared and named as LMWE-T and LMWE-A,respectively. Bone marrow-derived DCs and splenocytes isolated from C57BL/6 mice were treated with different concentrations of polysaccharide extracts from LMWE-T/A. Effects of LMWE-T/A on the per-centage and apoptosis of DC,expression of co-stimulatory molecules and secretion of cytokines were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA. MTT assay was used to analyze the proliferation of splenocytes. Changes in the functions of DC were evaluated by mixed lymphocyte reaction(MLR). Results LMWE-T/A had no in-fluence on the percentage and viability of DC. Expression of CD40 and CD86,and secretion of TNF-α,IL-12p40 and IFN-γ were significantly increased by LMWE-T/A treatment in a dose-dependent manner. LMWE-T/A treatment enhanced the functions of DCs and also dose-dependently promoted the proliferation of splenocytes. LMWE-A was more effective than LMWE-T in promoting CD86 expression,IFN-γ secretion and splenocyte proliferation. Pretreatment with TAK-242,an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4),could sig-nificantly inhibit the regulatory effects of LMWE-T/A on CD40 expression and the secretion of TNF-α and IL-12p40. Conclusion This study shows that LMWE could promote the maturation of DC through TLR4 signaling pathway,enhance the functions of DC without side effects on DC survival,and increase the prolif-eration of splenocytes,indicating that LMWE has a potential immunopotentiating effect. LMWE-A has better effects than LMWE-T on immune enhancement.

Expression of p66Shc in heart failure patients and its relationship with oxidative stress / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the expression of cardiac muscle protein p66Shc in patients with congestive heart failure and its relationship with oxidative stress.Methods From October 2016 to March 2017, eighty patients with acute heart failure treated in the cardiology department of Shanghai Pudong Hospital were collected in this study,including 22 cases of grade II,26 cases of grade III,32 cases of grade IV,and 56 healthy subjects were selected in the control group.SOD activity,MDA content and p66Shc mRNA expression of the acute stage of heart failure,the recovery stage of heart failure and the control group were measured.The changes of SOD,MDA and p66Shc in patients with heart failure and the control group were analyzed.The expression of p66Shc,along with MDA and SOD were analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the SOD,MDA and p66Shc mRNA of patients in the acute stage of heart failure,the recovery stage and the control group were (SOD:(65.67±8.31)kU/L vs.(75.77±7.56)kU/L vs.(90.03±7.76)kU/L,MDA:(10.22±1.56)μmol/L vs.(8.34 ± 1.75)μmol/L vs.(5.21 ± 2.16)μmol/L,p66Shc mRNA:(5.79 ± 1.71)vs.(3.95 ± 1.24) vs.1.87±0.93))(F=2.903,2.762,2.696,P<0.05).With the aggravation of heart failure,the level of SOD decreased significantly(NYHA grade Ⅱ:(67.54 ± 7.29)kU/L;grade Ⅲ:(61.62 ± 6.96)kU/L;gradeⅣ:(57.94±6.75)kU/L,F=2.872,P<0.05)and the levels of MDA(NYHA grade Ⅱ:(9.32±1.18)μmol/L;grade Ⅲ:(10.95 ± 1.26)μmol/L;grade Ⅳ:(12.13 ± 1.07)μmol/L,F=2.703,P<0.05)and p66Shc (NYHA grade Ⅱ:(4.92 ± 0.96);grade Ⅲ:(5.66 ± 1.17);grade Ⅳ:(6.28 ± 1.15),F=2.681,P<0.05) increased significantly.The expression of p66Shc and mRNA was positively correlated with MDA in acute attack (r=0.722,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with SOD(r=-0.670,P<0.05).Conclusion P66shc is closely related to oxidative stress in heart failure,and p66Shc may be involved in the process of heart failure oxidative stress,which can provide a basis for the new treatment of heart failure.

Expression of p66Shc in heart failure patients and its relationship with oxidative stress / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the expression of cardiac muscle protein p66Shc in patients with congestive heart failure and its relationship with oxidative stress.Methods From October 2016 to March 2017, eighty patients with acute heart failure treated in the cardiology department of Shanghai Pudong Hospital were collected in this study,including 22 cases of grade II,26 cases of grade III,32 cases of grade IV,and 56 healthy subjects were selected in the control group.SOD activity,MDA content and p66Shc mRNA expression of the acute stage of heart failure,the recovery stage of heart failure and the control group were measured.The changes of SOD,MDA and p66Shc in patients with heart failure and the control group were analyzed.The expression of p66Shc,along with MDA and SOD were analyzed.Results There were significant differences in the SOD,MDA and p66Shc mRNA of patients in the acute stage of heart failure,the recovery stage and the control group were (SOD:(65.67±8.31)kU/L vs.(75.77±7.56)kU/L vs.(90.03±7.76)kU/L,MDA:(10.22±1.56)μmol/L vs.(8.34 ± 1.75)μmol/L vs.(5.21 ± 2.16)μmol/L,p66Shc mRNA:(5.79 ± 1.71)vs.(3.95 ± 1.24) vs.1.87±0.93))(F=2.903,2.762,2.696,P<0.05).With the aggravation of heart failure,the level of SOD decreased significantly(NYHA grade Ⅱ:(67.54 ± 7.29)kU/L;grade Ⅲ:(61.62 ± 6.96)kU/L;gradeⅣ:(57.94±6.75)kU/L,F=2.872,P<0.05)and the levels of MDA(NYHA grade Ⅱ:(9.32±1.18)μmol/L;grade Ⅲ:(10.95 ± 1.26)μmol/L;grade Ⅳ:(12.13 ± 1.07)μmol/L,F=2.703,P<0.05)and p66Shc (NYHA grade Ⅱ:(4.92 ± 0.96);grade Ⅲ:(5.66 ± 1.17);grade Ⅳ:(6.28 ± 1.15),F=2.681,P<0.05) increased significantly.The expression of p66Shc and mRNA was positively correlated with MDA in acute attack (r=0.722,P<0.05),and negatively correlated with SOD(r=-0.670,P<0.05).Conclusion P66shc is closely related to oxidative stress in heart failure,and p66Shc may be involved in the process of heart failure oxidative stress,which can provide a basis for the new treatment of heart failure.

Influence of multidrug resistant gene polymorphisms and haplotype on blood con-centration of tacrolimus in individuals in stable phases after renal transplantation / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study the relevance between the polymorphisms and haplotype of multidrug resistant gene (MDR1) and the ratio of blood concentration/dosage in individuals treated by tacrolimus in stable phases post renal transplanta-tion ,and to provide data for personalized FK-506 administration .Methods The MDR1 C1236T ,G2677T/A and C3435T gen-otypes of 104 renal transplantation patients were determined by PCR followed sequencing method .The blood concentration of tacrolimus was detected by EMIT method .The differences in concentration/(dose × weight) (C/D) ratios were compared a-mong all of the genotype groups treated by tacrolimus .Results In the 104 renal transplantation recipients ,the frequency of MDR1 C1236T ,G2677T/A and C3435T mutation alleles was 56 .73% ,55 .77% and 33 .17% ,respectively .A correlation was revealed among SNP of MDR1 C3435T ,TTT haplotype and the C/D ratios (P<0.05) .In patients of CYP3A5*3*3 ,A cor-relation was also found among TTT haplotype and the C/D ratios (P< 0.05) .No difference was found among the MDR1 C1236T ,G2677T/A ,CGC haplotype and the C/D ratios (P>0.05) .Conclusion It is demonstrated that genetic polymor-phisms of MDR1 C3435T and TTT haplotype are correlated with C/D ratio of tacrolimus in Chinese renal transplant patients in stable stage .These findings affect the dose-adjusted concentration of tacrolimus individually .

The short-term therapeutic effects of DNA immunoadsorbent combined with medication on patients with ;severe systemic lupus erythematosus / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To evaluate the short-term therapeutic effects of DNA immunoadsorbent (IA) combined with glucocorticoid and immune depressant on patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). Methods 32 patients with severe SLE were selected to undergo DNA IA treatment combined with glucocorticoid plus cyclophosphamide therapy, and each patient received IA therapy 3 times, once 2.5 hours, with an interval of 24-48 hours to take another two times of IA. The changes in SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI)score, health status evaluation indexes〔 physiologic functional( PF) and emotional health( MH) scores〕,renal function indexes〔 blood urea nitrogen(BUN)and serum creatinine(SCr)〕 were observed; and anti-double stranded DNA antibody( ds-DNA), immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, IgM), complements(C3 and C4)and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were examined before and after IA treatment for 2 weeks. Results Two weeks after the combination therapy, the SLEDAI score, BUN, SCr, dsDNA, IgA, IgG, IgM, hs-CRP were significantly lower than those before treatment 〔SLEDAI score : 14.38±3.85 vs. 15.69±1.40, BUN (mmol/L): 11.22±4.78 vs. 16.31±7.90, SCr (μmol/L): 127.02±38.17 vs. 167.25±45.63, dsDNA( U/L): 1.36±0.12 vs. 1.43±0.18, IgA( g/L): 2.41±0.73 vs. 2.59±0.86, IgG( g/L): 16.82±4.83 vs. 21.01±4.84, IgM( g/L): 1.64±0.45 vs. 1.75±0.58, hs-CRP( mg/L): 14.41±2.20 vs. 14.94±2.60, P<0.05 or P<0.01〕; PF score, MH score, complement C3 were increased〔 PF score : 71.19±17.53 vs. 56.66±22.41, MH score : 74.01±15.72 vs. 61.50±17.98, C3( g/L): 0.56±0.09 vs. 0.52±0.10, all P<0.05〕; clinical symptoms were improved significantly, and no significant adverse reactions were found. Conclusion IA combined with medical treatment has shown that it has significant therapeutic effect for treatment of patients with severe SLE, and it may decrease the levels of dsDNA, IgA, IgG, IgM,hs-CRP, and increase the level of complement C3.