RESUMO
Objective To isolate endophytic fungi from the rare medicinal plants ephedra, detect the production of ephedrine alkaloids, and explore the optimum fermentation conditions.Methods The endophytic fungi were isolated from the herbaceous stems treated.The ephedrine alkaloids were preliminarily detected by Dragendorff's reagent.The fungi strains producing ephedrine alkaloids were screened by HPLC method with reference substance of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and methephedrine.After the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source were determined with total ephedrine alkaloids as evaluation indicators by HPLC, the orthogonal test of L16 (45) was designed to investigate five levels of carbon source amount, nitrogen source amount, pH value, temperature, fermentation time.Results The ephedra herbaceous stems endophytic fungus-Es2 mycelium extract after fermentation contained ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and methephedrine.Es3 mycelium extract containing pseudoephedrine after fermentation.Lactose and ammonium sulfate were as the most suitable carbon source and nitrogen source of Es2 fermentation to produce ephedrine alkaloids.Es produced the highest yield of ephedra alkaloids when the carbon source 30 g/L, nitrogen source 4 g/L, pH5.0, temperature 30℃, fermented for 8 days.Conclusion The ephedrine alkaloids of industrial production could be realized by microorganism fermentation method, which has very important significance to alleviate the ephedrine market demand pressure on the environment.
RESUMO
To classify and identified the nematode parasized in ruminant in Qinghai province,the mature nematode specimen parasized in Tibetan sheep,goat,yak,ox and camel was collected and classified systematically,by adopting classfication systems of Yamaguti(1961).All those specimens belong to 24 genera of 15 families of 6 orders in nematade of Nemathelminthes Class,of which 85 kinds of nematodes were sorted out,among them 13 lung nematodes,71 digestine nematode and 1 muscle nematode were classified.