Efficacy and Safety of Pulse Magnetic Therapy System in Insomnia Disorder: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Objective@#This study’s objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of Pulsed Magnetic Therapy System (PMTS) in improving insomnia disorder. @*Methods@#Participants with insomnia disorder were randomly assigned to receive either PMTS or sham treatment for four weeks (n= 153; PMTS: 76, sham: 77). Primary outcomes are the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores at week 0 (baseline), 1, 2, 3, 4 (treatment), and 5 (follow-up). Secondary outcomes are the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at baseline and week 4, and weekly sleep diary-derived values for sleep latency, sleep efficiency, real sleep time, waking after sleep onset, and sleep duration. @*Results@#The ISI scores of the PMTS group and the sham group were 7.13±0.50, 11.07±0.51 at week 4, respectively. There was a significant group×time interaction for ISI (F3.214, 485.271=24.25, p<0.001, ηp 2=0.138). Only the PMTS group experienced continuous improvement throughout the study; in contrast, the sham group only experienced a modest improvement after the first week of therapy. At the end of the treatment and one week after it, the response of the PMTS group were 69.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.6%–79.0%), 75.0% (95% CI: 64.1%–83.4%), respectively, which were higher than the response of the sham group (p<0.001). For each of the secondary outcomes, similar group×time interactions were discovered. The effects of the treatment persisted for at least a week. @*Conclusion@#PMTS is safe and effective in improving insomnia disorders.

The propagation and education strategy of Traditional Chinese Medicine culture in the museum field: taking the Chinese medicine museum of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine as an example / 国际中医中药杂志

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the treasure of Chinese civilization. It embodies the characteristics and essence of the outstanding culture of China. As the indispensable platform, Chinese medicine museum plays an important role to spread the TCM culture and educate the public. This articl analyzes the difficulties and challenges of propagation and education of TCM in the museum field, explores the effective strategies from four aspects, covering the content construction, interpretation, education activities, and temporary exhibitions. Only in this way, the public education would be promoted effectively in the museum field.

The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic by a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis. @*Methods@#CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE were searched to collect literature on the prevalence of PTSD in the general population during the epidemic. The retrieval time is from the database construction to 31/08/2020. Meta-analysis was performed on the included articles by using Review Manger 5.3 and Stata 16.0 software. @*Results@#The prevalence of PTSD in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic was 15% (95% CI: 11–21%, p<0.001). @*Conclusion@#The COVID-19 pandemic brought certain mental pain to general population, leading to a rise in the incidence of PTSD in a short time.

The Prevalence and Predictors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Chinese Bariatric Surgery Candidates: A Single-Center Study

Purpose@#The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and predictors of OSA in Chinese bariatric surgery candidates. @*Materials and Methods@#The clinical data were collected from 326 patients evaluated for bariatric surgery and referred for polysomnography. Multiple logistic regression was used for identifying independent predictors of presence of OSA and ROC curve analysis to determine the best cut-off value for continuous variable. @*Results@#Baseline BMI and age were 33.3±3.7 kg/m2 and 24.3±3.1 years. 62.9% of the patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for OSA; Of these, 22.7% had mild OSA; 11.3% had moderate OSA, and 28.8% had severe OSA. The prevalence was significantly higher in males (84.2%) than in females (47.3%) (P＜0.001). The superobese patients and the obese patients aged older than 50 years that all of those were diagnosed with OSA. A multivariate logistic regression model displayed that increasing age, BMI and neck circumference together with presence of habitual snoring and male sex were identified as risk factors of OSA. The best cut-off values for the presence of OSA for age, BMI, neck circumference were 24.5 years, 39.45 kg/m2 , 40.40 cm. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of OSA is very prevalent (62.9%) in Chinese bariatric surgery candidates, especially in male patients (84%). Age, BMI and neck circumference together with presence of habitual snoring and male sex are independent predictors of OSA in these patients. As clinical predictors are not enough to be a properly screening for OSA, routine PSG testing should be recommended to bariatric surgery candidates.

The Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the General Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic by a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis. @*Methods@#CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE were searched to collect literature on the prevalence of PTSD in the general population during the epidemic. The retrieval time is from the database construction to 31/08/2020. Meta-analysis was performed on the included articles by using Review Manger 5.3 and Stata 16.0 software. @*Results@#The prevalence of PTSD in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic was 15% (95% CI: 11–21%, p<0.001). @*Conclusion@#The COVID-19 pandemic brought certain mental pain to general population, leading to a rise in the incidence of PTSD in a short time.

The Prevalence and Predictors of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Chinese Bariatric Surgery Candidates: A Single-Center Study

Purpose@#The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence and predictors of OSA in Chinese bariatric surgery candidates. @*Materials and Methods@#The clinical data were collected from 326 patients evaluated for bariatric surgery and referred for polysomnography. Multiple logistic regression was used for identifying independent predictors of presence of OSA and ROC curve analysis to determine the best cut-off value for continuous variable. @*Results@#Baseline BMI and age were 33.3±3.7 kg/m2 and 24.3±3.1 years. 62.9% of the patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for OSA; Of these, 22.7% had mild OSA; 11.3% had moderate OSA, and 28.8% had severe OSA. The prevalence was significantly higher in males (84.2%) than in females (47.3%) (P＜0.001). The superobese patients and the obese patients aged older than 50 years that all of those were diagnosed with OSA. A multivariate logistic regression model displayed that increasing age, BMI and neck circumference together with presence of habitual snoring and male sex were identified as risk factors of OSA. The best cut-off values for the presence of OSA for age, BMI, neck circumference were 24.5 years, 39.45 kg/m2 , 40.40 cm. @*Conclusion@#The prevalence of OSA is very prevalent (62.9%) in Chinese bariatric surgery candidates, especially in male patients (84%). Age, BMI and neck circumference together with presence of habitual snoring and male sex are independent predictors of OSA in these patients. As clinical predictors are not enough to be a properly screening for OSA, routine PSG testing should be recommended to bariatric surgery candidates.

The Anxiety Status of Chinese Medical Workers During the Epidemic of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis

Objective@#To analysis the anxiety status of Chinese medical workers during the epidemic of COVID-19 by meta-analysis method. @*Methods@#CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and other databases were searched to collect literature on the anxiety status of Chinese medical workers during the epidemic of COVID-19. The retrieval time is from the database construction to 11/03/2020. Meta-analysis was performed on the included articles by using Stata 16.0 software. @*Results@#A total of 7 articles were included, with a total sample size of 7,741 people. Meta-analysis using the random effects model showed that the anxiety score of Chinese medical during the epidemic of COVID-19 was significantly higher than that of the national norm in each study, the difference was statistically significant [SMD (95% CI)=1.145 (0.705–1.584), p<0.001]. @*Conclusion@#The anxiety level of Chinese medical workers has increased significantly during the epidemic of COVID-19.

Changes of inflammatory cytokines in patients with major depressive disorder before and after venlafaxine treatment / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the changes of serum hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor levels of alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in patients with major depressive disorder(MDD) before and after venlafaxine treatment.Methods:Thirty-five MDD patients (MDD group) and thirty ethnic origin, gender, age, BMI and education level matched healthy controls (HC group) were recruited.The 17-item Hamilton depression scale (HAMD-17), Young manic rating scale (YMRS) were used to evaluate mood changes and therapeutic effect.The level of serum hs-CRP was detected by immunoturbidimetry, and the contents of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were measured by Elisa.The changes of serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 in MDD patients before and after monotherapy (venlafaxine) treatment for 8 weeks and the differences of inflammatory cytokines between the MDD group and HC group were analyzed by t test, and partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the changes of inflammatory cytokines and clinical symptoms in patients before and after treatment. Results:Before treatment, there were no significant differences of serum hs-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 between MDD group and HC group( P>0.05). After treatment for 8 weeks, the score of HAMD-17 in MDD group was significantly decreased compared with that in pretreatment((5.63±2.81), (22.49±4.48), t=14.40, P<0.01), however were still higher than that in HC group ((3.15±1.11), t=3.681, P<0.01). Serum levels of hs-CRP ((0.37±0.43)mg/L, (0.88±0.97)mg/L, t=3.097, P=0.006), TNF-α ((0.37±0.43)ng/L, (0.88±0.97)ng/L, t=3.097, P=0.006) and IL-6 ((4.70±2.30)ng/L, (6.47±4.07)ng/L, t=4.758, P<0.001) in post-treatment were significant lower than those in pretreatment for MDD patients.Serum level of hs-CRP ( t=-3.521, P<0.05), TNF-α ( t=-7.744, P<0.001) and IL-6( t=-3.337, P<0.05) in post-treatment MDD group were significantly lower than those in HC group.After controlling for age and BMI, partial correlation analysis showed that TNF-α level was negatively correlated with duration of disease in the MDD group before( r=-0.784, P=0.012) and after treatment( r=-0.658, P=0.020). Conclusion:Venlafaxine can reduce serum TNF-α, IL-6 and hs-CRP levels in patients with MDD, suggesting that changes in inflammatory cytokines may be involved in the mechanism of antidepressant therapy by venlafaxine.

A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study on cerebellar nuclei in patients with insomnia disorder / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective The objective of this study was to utilize proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to assess metabolites in cerebellar nuclei in unmedicated patients with insomnia disorder. Methods 1H-MRS was performed on cerebellar nuclei in 23 unmedicated patients with insomnia disorder (insomnia group) and 18 normal sleepers (control group). N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compound (Cho) and creatine (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr were determined.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess the subjective sleep quality and insomnia severity of all subjects, while State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to assess the levels of anxiety and depression of all subjects. Sleep parameters of all subjects were measured by polysomnography (PSG). Results Mean NAA/Cr ratio of right cerebellar nuclei in insomnia group was significantly lower than that in control group (1.72±0.37 vs. 2.03±0.50, t=2.280, P=0.028). Mean NAA/Cr ratio of right cerebellar nuclei was significantly higher than that of left cerebellar nuclei within control group (2.03±0.50 vs. 1.68±0.21, t=3.386, P=0.004). There was no significant difference with regard to NAA/Cr ratio between bilateral cerebellar nuclei within insomnia group (t=1.416, P=0.171). Across all subjects, PSQI global scores (r=-0.369, P=0.018), and sleep latency (r=-0.437, P=0.004) and number of awakenings after sleep onset (r=-0.432, P=0.005) measured by PSG were negatively correlated with NAA/Cr ratios of right cerebellar nuclei, while percentages of stage 3 sleep (r=0.377,P=0.015) measured by PSG were positively correlated with NAA/Cr ratios of right cerebellar nuclei,respectively. Conclusion Patients with insomnia disorder have a hemispherically lateralized metabolic disturbance of NAA/Cr in right cerebellar nuclei,indicating that patients with insomnia disorder have neuronal damage in right cerebellar nuclei.

Research on white matter lesion and behavioral and psychological symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the difference in behavioral and psychological symptoms among Al-zheimer's disease(AD)patients with different severity of white matter hyperintensity(WMH). Methods A total of 37 AD patients were enrolled and were followed-up for 4 weeks. They were checked by 3.0 T MRI at baseline, including T1,T2-weighted phase and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence(FLAIR phase).The image pro-fessionals analyzed the images and process data.The Fazekas scale was used for WMH rating.Assessment tools in-cluded the Neuropsychiatric Inventory(NPI)、MMSE and ADAS-cog. Results There were 14 patients in none-mild WMH group and 23 patients in moderate-severe WMH group. The age of two groups were 71.3 ± 12.5 and 78.7 ± 6.1 years old respectively(P<0.05).The comparison of NPI,MMSE and ADAS-cog assessment results be-tween two groups show that there is significance difference in NPI baseline scoring and 4-week scoring.The score in moderate-severe group w is higher than that in the none-mild group(P < 0.05). However,the changed value of baseline-4-week NPI is not statistically significant. There is no significant difference between MMSE and ADAS -cog score and changed value.Conclusion Taken together,the severity of WMH may be related to behavioral and psychological symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Clinical research of dementia with behavioral and psychological symptoms / 实用医学杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical features of behavioral and psychological symptoms of demen-tia(BPSD)and the relation between different sub-clinical syndromes and cognition. Methods One hundred and sixteen dementia patients were assessed with neuropsychiatric inventory and mini-mental state examination (MMSE)and made factor analysis according to DSM-IV-R. Results Twelve common behavioral and psychological symptoms could be further divided into five sub-syndromes,including disinhibition behavior,psychosis,agitation, emotion and apathy factors. MMSE total score and years of education entered regression equation of apathy factor (P<0.05). Conclusion BPSD can be divided into five factors and apathy factor are related with cognitive function.

Escitalopram for intervention of psychiatric adverse events during peginterferon-alfa-2a and ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the risk factors of psychiatric adverse events associated with PEG interferon and ribavirin treatment for chronic hepatitis C and assess the efficacy of escitalopram intervention for these adverse effects.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-nine patients with chronic hepatitis C undergoing interferon-based treatment for 12 weeks were assessed for major depression using DSM-IV and SCL-90, and the patients identified to have major depression received escitalopram treatment for intervention. SCL-90 was used to assess the psychological condition of the patients at the forth and eighth weeks of escitalopram treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A male gender, 1b genotype, and intravenous infection are all risk factors of major depression. The morbidity rate of interferon-based depression was 32.2% with rates of hostility, anxiety, depression and sensitivity of 19.7%, 9.2%, and 5.26%, respectively. The total score of SCL-90 and scores for hostility, anxiety, depression and sensitivity all significantly declined after escitalopram treatment in the 19 patients with major depression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Psychological symptoms are common in HCV patients receiving interferon treatment, for whom regular psychological assessment is essential especially for those patients with drug abuse. Prompt use of escitalopram is recommended for effective control of major depression or other psychological symptoms in these patients.</p>

Research Progress of Flavonoids with Antioxidant Activity Constituents from Chinese Materia Medica / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Flavonoids, which is composed of a C6-C3-C6 backbone, is a kind of secondary metabolites of Chinese materia medica (CMM). It has received extensive attention from all over the world and obtained a rapid develop-ment due to its widespread distribution, structural complexity and active diversity. This article has summarized the progress of flavonoids both in antioxidant activity and in mechanism, so as to provide some references for the re-search and development of new medicine of flavonoids with antioxidant activity.

Differences between objective and subjective sleep quality in chronic primary insomniacs and the correlated factors / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Background The severity of difficulty in falling asleep and the insufficiency of the sleeping time in the primary insomniacs always were overestimated, even after medication and improving the objective sleep quality. Moreover, remarkable psychosomatic symptoms were found in patients and the symptoms were significantly linked to the self-reported sleep quality. So in this study, it was designed to explore the differences between objective and subjective sleep quality and its correlative factors in chronic insomniacs.Methods A total of 55 chronic primary insomniac cases diagnosed by DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria for primary insomnia and 15 normal controls were rated with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI),State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Subjective General Condition Form. All cases and the controls were then examined by the whole-night polysomnography (PSG) records.Results Compared with the objective parameters of PSG, the subjective parametersiu chronic insomniacs had significantly longer sleep latency and lower total sleep time and sleep efficiency [ (80. 3± 73.7)min v.s. (23.2 ± 25.4) min, (157.8±141.7)min v.s. (332.2±154.7)min , (0.52 ±0. 27) min v.s. (0. 67 ± 0. 28) min, respectively, P ＜0. 001 ]. The difference between subjective and objective sleep latency was related to the total scores of STAI, TAI and SAI ( r = 0. 402,0. 374 and 0. 397, respectively, P ＜ 0. 05).Conclusions There were significant differences between objective and subjective estimations of sleep quality in chronic insomniacs,and they might result in the overestimation of the severity of insomnia. The differences between subjective and objective sleep quality in the chronic insomniacs were significantly correlated with the levels of anxiety.

The utility of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale in the patients with social anxiety disorder in Chinese / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Background During the past two decades, a number of rating scales were developed to facilitate diagnosis and assessment of subjects with social anxiety disorder. One of the most commonly used scales for the assessment of social anxiety disorder is the Liebowitz social anxiety scale (LSAS). The LSAS is widely used in epidemiologic investigations and clinical researches,and its assessment in the pharmacotherapy efficacy for social anxiety disorder is superior to any other scale. So we designed this study to explore the validity and reliability of the LSAS in Chinese patients with social anxiety disorder and normal control, and to find the difference of the scores between the patients self -report version and clinician-administered version. Methods Fifty five patients meeting the DSM-Ⅳ diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder and 168 normal controls who were screened from 222 college students were rated by LSAS, social phobia scale and self-made General Information Forms. Results The Cronbath α of LSAS for the patients and the normal controls was 0.83 and 0.77, respectively. The 4-week test-retest reliability for total scores and its factors scores of LSAS in 31 normal controls were ranging from 0.68 to 0.79. The ROC area under curve value in discriminating the patients from normal controls was 0.87±0.03; the total score of 35 was considered to be the best cut-off score for LSAS, then its sensitivity was 0.77 and its specificity was 0.81; and no significant difference between the self-report version and clinician-administered version. Conclusions The LSAS is good in internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and has high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating the patients and the controls. There is no significant difference in the total score and each factor scores of LSAS between self-report version and clinician-administered version.

Comparative Study of Psychiatry Teaching Between Medical Schools Among Guangdong and Hong Kong / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Comparing the Psychiatry teaching among Jinan University,Sum-Yan-San University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong,we found the time,contents and methods of teaching were significantly different among them,so we suggested that Jinan University should reconstruct teaching mode,raise teaching time,optimize teaching contents,change practice teaching methods and examination way in psychiatry teaching.

Restless Leg Syndrome and Sleep Quality in Pregnant Women / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective : To investigate the incidence of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in pregnant women and the effect of the RLS on the sleep quality of the women during pregnancy. Methods: 113 pregnant women were evaluated by using International RLS Scale, PSQI (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Inventory). Results: The prevalence of RLS in pregnant women in the outpatient department was 12.4% (14/113), the percentage of RLS pregnant women with PSQI total score higher than 7 was 28.6%, and that was 10.1% in the pregnant women without RLS (x2 =3.86,P

The Prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder in Female College Students / 中国心理卫生杂志

0.05).Conclusions: (1) The more severe of learning stress, the higher level of PMDD. (2) There was no difference in anxiety and depression between the students who suffered from PMDD and the who didn't. (3) The students who suffered from PMDD had more psychosomatic symptoms.

The Sleep Habits of Children 4 to 12 Years Old in Guangdong / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To understand the sleep duration, sleep habits, the prevalence rate of sleep problem and its related factors on the children range from 4 to 12 years old. Methods:The parents of 727 children range from 4 to 12 years old were asked to answer The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) and the general information forms, which were used to rate their children.Results:The average sleep time on bed of the children was 9.6?0.9 hours, with no difference between males and females. The total scores of CSHQ were 36.8?13.6, and the prevalence of sleep problem was 31.0%. The total scores of CSHQ among 4-6 years old group, 7-9 years old group and 10-12 years old group were significant different (42.4?14.1?34.9?12?31.8?12, respectively ;P

The treatment of EMG biofeedback for 61 neurotic outpatients / 中国心理卫生杂志

Two groups of neurotic outpatients were compared in their outcome afterfrontal EMG biofeedback treatment with Jacobson progressive relaxation at home.The firstneurotic group consisted of 42 patients and treated once every two days for four weeks whilethe second group consisted of 19 cases and treated every day but for only two weeks.Similarily satisfactory clinical effects and same trends of change in various physiological indexof EMG and clinical symptons were observed,between these two groups.No relationship wasfound between patient's personality characteristc and clinical effects.In a four follow up,2/3patients reported a continuous satisfactory outcome.