Primary Colonic Epithelioid Angiosarcoma with Hepatic Metastasis: A Case Report

Colonic angiosarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive malignant tumor with poor prognosis. We report a case of colonic epithelioid angiosarcoma with colonic obstruction and rapidly progressive hepatic metastasis in a 44-year-old female. Abdominal CT revealed a heterogeneously enhancing irregular mass in the ascending colon, causing proximal bowel distension. The patient underwent surgery, and histopathological examination revealed a poorly differentiated carcinoma. A follow-up liver dynamic MRI after 4 months revealed newly developed diffusely scattered numerous small nodules in both hepatic lobes with peripheral and nodular marked arterial hyperenhancement, raising the suspicion of hepatic angiosarcoma. A pathologic second opinion was obtained, and additional immunohistochemistry revealed colonic epithelioid angiosarcoma. The patient showed progressive hepatic metastasis on follow-up abdominal CT after 6 months and died 8 months after initial diagnosis. We describe an educational case of colonic angiosarcoma, a rare malignant tumor, with rapidly progressive hepatic metastasis that showed radiologic findings suggestive of angiosarcoma and enabled a re-diagnosis for proper treatment and prognosis prediction.

Reproducibility and diagnostic performance of the vascular index of superb microvascular imaging in real-time breast ultrasonography for evaluating breast masses

Purpose@#This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and diagnostic performance of a quantitative parameter of superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in real-time breast ultrasonography (US) for differentiating benign from malignant breast masses. @*Methods@#Eighty-seven breast masses in 75 patients who underwent both B-mode US and SMI before US-guided core needle biopsy were included in this study. Two radiologists performed B-mode US and measured the vascular index (VI) of SMI respectively for each lesion in real time. Intraobserver and interobserver agreements were analyzed for the VI of SMI. The diagnostic performance of B-mode US using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Database System lexicon and combined use with the VI of SMI was evaluated compared to pathology. @*Results@#The median VI of malignant masses (n=32) was significantly higher than that of benign masses (n=55) (7.6% and 2.6%, respectively; P<0.001). The intraobserver agreement for VI was excellent regardless of the pathology, size, or depth of the lesion. The interobserver agreement for VI was excellent regardless of the presence of a measurement interval. The interobserver agreement for the final diagnostic decision was improved by combining B-mode US and VI (κ=0.883) in comparison with B-mode US only (κ=0.617). Adding VI led to significant improvements in the specificity (87.2% vs. 52.7%, 83.6% vs. 49.0%), accuracy (89.7% vs. 69.3%, 84.0% vs. 65.9%) and positive predictive value (81.5% vs. 55.1%, 75.6% vs. 52.6%) of B-mode US for both observers compared with B-mode US alone (all, P=0.001). @*Conclusion@#The VI of SMI for real-time breast US is highly reproducible and leads to improved diagnostic performance for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions in combination with B-mode US.

Retrospective Study of Infants who Visited Pediatric Dentistry / 대한소아치과학회지

The first dental visit is recommended at the time of the eruption of the first tooth and no later than 12 months of age. However, even before the age of 1, children can visit the dental hospital for various reasons. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reasons for the dental visit of infant. From January 2006 to December 2015, medical records of infants who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of Kyung Hee University were analyzed. The total number of patients was 419 (238 males and 181 females). The reasons for the dental visits were trauma (47.5%), nataleonatal tooth (19.8%), dental caries (8.1%), teething problem (4.3%), abnormal frenum (3.6%), soft tissue swelling (3.6%), Bohn’s nodule (3.3%), cleft lip and palate (2.9%), gingival neoplasm (1.9%), tongue ulceration (1.7%), oral examination (1.4%), enamel hypoplasia (1.2%) and abnormal temporomandibular joint sound (0.7%). According to this study, there were various oral diseases that could occur in infants. Since infants are usually cared by caregivers, pediatricians, and obstetricians, education of oral diseases of infants is needed to manage the oral symptoms properly.

Pelvic Actinomycosis Mimicking Malignancy of the Uterus: a Case Report

Pelvic actinomycosis is an uncommon infectious disease. It induces a chronic, suppurative illness characterized by an infiltrative and granulomatous response and, thus, the clinical and radiologic findings may mimic other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. A 56-year-old female with a long-standing intrauterine device was diagnosed with pelvic actinomycosis manifesting as a large uterine mass with locally infiltrative spread into surrounding tissue that mimicked uterine malignancy. Actinomyces israelii infection was confirmed with a surgical specimen, and the patient was treated with antibiotic medication. Pelvic actinomycosis must be included in the differential diagnoses of patients with an infiltrative pelvic mass extending across tissue planes or in patients with findings of multiple microabscesses, particularly in a patient with an intrauterine device, even the lesion primarily involves the uterus.

Mesenteric Lesions with Similar or Distinctive Appearances on CT

The mesentery is a structure comprising a double peritoneal layer that attaches the bowel to the abdominal wall. Mesenteric disease can cause various non-specific clinical symptoms in adults and is sometimes found incidentally during unrelated diagnostic imaging studies. CT plays an essential role in the diagnosis of mesenteric disease, which can present with various radiologic features, including a solid mass, cystic mass, or local or diffuse infiltration on CT. Some mesenteric diseases present with distinctive characteristics, while others share similar findings, thereby complicating their differential diagnosis. Therefore, understanding the radiological findings of mesenteric disease is important for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Primary Pelvic Peritoneal Yolk Sac Tumor in the Post-Pubertal Female: a Case Report with Literature Review

Yolk sac tumors are rare malignant germ cell neoplasms that usually arise from the gonads. Extragonadal yolk sac tumors (EGYSTs) frequently occur in the mediastinum in post-pubertal females. EGYSTs in the pelvis are extremely rare, and to date, only thirteen cases have been reported in the English literature. Among them, the primary EGYST of the pelvic peritoneum in post-pubertal females has only been reported in ten cases. The present case describes a 26-year-old female diagnosed with primary peritoneal yolk sac tumor located in the rectouterine pouch. We report clinical and tumor imaging features, including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance images (MRI), positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), and present a review of the literature.

Breast Lesions in Children and Adolescents: Diagnosis and Management

Pediatric breast disease is uncommon, and primary breast carcinoma in children is extremely rare. Therefore, the approach used to address breast lesions in pediatric patients differs from that in adults in many ways. Knowledge of the normal imaging features at various stages of development and the characteristics of breast disease in the pediatric population can help the radiologist to make confident diagnoses and manage patients appropriately. Most breast diseases in children are benign or associated with breast development, suggesting a need for conservative treatment. Interventional procedures might affect the developing breast and are only indicated in a limited number of cases. Histologic examination should be performed in pediatric patients, taking into account the size of the lesion and clinical history together with the imaging findings. A core needle biopsy is useful for accurate diagnosis and avoidance of irreparable damage in pediatric patients. Biopsy should be considered in the event of abnormal imaging findings, such as non-circumscribed margins, complex solid and cystic components, posterior acoustic shadowing, size above 3 cm, or an increase in mass size. A clinical history that includes a risk factor for malignancy, such as prior chest irradiation, known concurrent cancer not involving the breast, or family history of breast cancer, should prompt consideration of biopsy even if the lesion has a probably benign appearance on ultrasonography.

Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Arising within a Colonic Diverticulum Mimicking a Diverticular Abscess: A Case Report

Colon cancer arising in a colonic diverticulum is very rare. There are only a few reported cases of colon cancer associated with a diverticulum. Of these reported cases, only a few are those of a mucinous adenocarcinoma. Here, we report a case of an 82-year-old female with a mucinous adenocarcinoma arising in the ascending colonic diverticulum, which clinically and radiologically mimicked perforated diverticulitis with abscess formation. Although such cases are rare, our findings suggest that malignant tumors may be misdiagnosed as diverticular diseases and should be considered during work-up.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of a Hypertrophy of Cartilage and Simultaneous Regeneration of a Damaged Meniscus after Autologous Bone Marrow Aspirates Concentrate (BMAC) Transplantation: a Case Report and Literature Review

Bone marrow aspirates concentrate (BMAC) transplantation is a well-known technique for cartilage regeneration with good clinical outcomes for symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has an important role in evaluating the degree of cartilage repair in cartilage regeneration therapy instead of a second assessment via an arthroscopy. We experienced a case of hypertrophic regeneration of the cartilage and a presumed simultaneous regeneration of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus after BMAC transplantation for a cartilage defect at the lateral tibial and femoral condyle. This report provides the details of a case of an unusual treatment response after a BMAC transplant. This report is the first of its kind to demonstrate a MR image that displays the simultaneous regeneration of the cartilage and meniscus with a differentiation ability of the mesenchymal stem cell to the desired cell lineage.

Acute diverticulitis of the terminal ileum: ultrasonography and CT findings

We describe a rare case of terminal ileal diverticulitis in a 68-year-old female with a day of history of right lower quadrant pain and tenderness, mimicking acute appendicitis. Ultrasonography revealed small sac-like out-pouching lesions with increased echogenicity of surrounding fat in thickened terminal ileum, suggesting inflamed diverticula. We diagnosed terminal ileal diverticulitis primarily by ultrasonography. The diagnosis was confirmed by subsequent computed tomography.

Mini-Gastric Bypass to Control Morbid Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus: What Radiologists Need to Know

Laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass surgery is a safe and simple surgical intervention for treating morbid obesity and diabetes mellitus and is now being performed more frequently. Radiologists must be critical in their postoperative evaluation of these patients. In this pictorial review, we explain and illustrate the surgical technique, normal postoperative anatomy, and associated complications as seen on imaging examinations, including fluoroscopy and computed tomography.

A Case of Gastrointestinal Sarcoidosis without Pulmonary Involvement / 대한내과학회지

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that is based on the presence of non-caseating granulomas. Sarcoidosis commonly involves the lungs, skin, and eyes. Gastrointestinal tract involvement in sarcoidosis is uncommon. Gastrointestinal tract sarcoidosis commonly occurs subclinically, with clinical manifestations present in only 0.1-0.9% of patients with the disease. There are rare case reports of an individual with symptomatic gastrointestinal sarcoidosis. In Korea, gastrointestinal sarcoidosis without pulmonary involvement has not been reported previously. Here, we describe a case of gastrointestinal sarcoidosis in a 37-year-old male with symptoms of weight loss, fever, and abdominal pain. He was diagnosed based on the presence of non-caseating epithelioid granulomas in the stomach, duodenum, and colon by multiple biopsies.

Radiologic Findings of Inguinoscrotal Bladder Herniation Including 3D Ultrasonography: A Case Report

Inguinoscrotal bladder hernia is relatively common in obese males over 50 years old, especially patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Various imaging modalities are used for diagnosis of inguinoscrotal bladder hernia. In particular, ultrasonography has many benefits, including non-invasiveness, and the fact that it does not require exposure to radiation; however, no domestic cases of ultrasonographic diagnosis of inguinoscrotal bladder hernia have been reported. The authors report on a case of a 67-year-old male patient with right scrotal swelling diagnosed as inguinoscrotal bladder hernia by ultrasonography, including three-dimensional imaging. Findings on ultrasonography showed a sacular lesion in the scrotum, which was connected to the urinary bladder through the inguinal canal; additional findings on CT, PET, and cystography showed that the entire lesion had a dumbbell shape.

Dietary patterns of children and adolescents analyzed from 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey

The purpose of this study was to identify dietary patterns among children and adolescents in Korea and to examine their associations with obesity and some blood profiles. One day food consumption data measured by 24-hour recalls on 2704 subjects aged 1 to 19 were used from 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. The data of blood profiles available in the ages of 10 or older was also used. After categorizing each food consumed into 29 food or food groups, five dietary patterns were derived through a factor analysis and subjects were classified into three major dietary patterns via a cluster analysis using the factor scores. Three dietary patterns were identified as 'traditional diet' (25.6%), 'westernized-fast food' (6.2%), and 'mixed diet' (68.2%). The 'traditional diet' pattern had a higher percentage in boys. Both the 'traditional diet' and the 'westernized-fast food' had higher proportions of adolescents (12-19 y) than younger children, while the 'mixed diet' had a higher percentage of preschool children (1-5 y). Obesity rate analyzed within each age group showed no differences among 3 dietary pattern clusters. Blood pressure and all plasma profiles were not different among dietary patterns when adjusted with age and gender. Conclusively, children and adolescents in Korea had three distinct dietary patterns, which were associated with gender and age. These patterns could be useful to plan nutrition interventions for teenager health promotion.

Two Cases of Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumor / 대한소아혈액종양학회지

Juvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) is one of the rare sex cord stromal tumors of the ovary. The majority of JGCT are found in prepubertal girls and young women. Unlike adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT), JGCT is characterized by high frequency of mitosis and early relapse after treatment. Patients with JGCT in FIGO stage Ia have an excellent outcome with an event-free survival of about 90% following surgical resection alone, while those in advanced stages have an unfavorable outcome. We report two cases of JGCT in stage Ic, who showed a quite different outcome. One was managed initially with surgical resection alone and died of subsequent relapse. Another was managed with multimodality treatments including surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and didn't show any evidence of relapse during 16 months of follow-up period. Further studies to evaluate the beneficial effects of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are required in patients with JGCT in stage Ic.