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1.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 17(1): 48-52, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1525941

RESUMO

Introducción: El cáncer vesical es una neoplasia maligna común en hombres mayores de 55 años, que se ve propiciada principalmente por el tabaquismo y exposición ambiental ocupacional. Corresponde a la octava causa de muerte por cáncer a nivel mundial y es la decimocuarta causa de muerte en Chile, estando incluído en las Garantías Explícitas en Salud. Dado lo anterior, esta investigación busca recopilar datos y contribuir al conocimiento médico y la salud pública. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo sobre defunciones por tumor maligno de la vejiga urinaria en Chile (a nivel nacional-regional). Datos analizados del DEIS entre 2016-2022. No se requirió consentimiento informado ni revisión ética. Uso de Microsoft Excel para el análisis. Resultados: Durante el periodo estudiado, las defunciones por tumor maligno de la vejiga urinaria en Chile mostraron un aumento en 2018 y una disminución a partir de 2019. La relación entre hombres y mujeres fue de aproximadamente 2:1. Las tasas de mortalidad por región disminuyeron en general, con aumentos en 2022 en regiones como Del Libertador B. O'higgins, Ñuble y Biobío. La región de Antofagasta tuvo la tasa más alta durante todo el periodo. El tipo de tumor más común fue el no especificado, con tasas variables a lo largo del tiempo. Discusión: Este trabajo destaca la importancia de fortalecer las medidas preventivas y terapéuticas del cáncer de vejiga en Chile, en que el tabaquismo y la contaminación minera son factores de riesgo significativos. Se ha determinado, que es común en adultos mayores predominantemente masculinos. Las tasas de mortalidad se han mantenido estáticas en los últimos años. Salvo entre los años 2020-2021, en que se registró una tendencia a la baja. Lo anterior, desprende lo importante de seguir investigando y desarrollando tratamientos efectivos, así protocolos de manejo y prevención.


Introduction: Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in men over 55 years of age, which is mainly caused by smoking and environmental occupation. It corresponds to the eighth cause of death from cancer worldwide and is the fourteenth cause of death in Chile, being included in the Explicit Health Guarantees. Given the above, this research seeks to collect data and contribute to medical knowledge and public health. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive observational study on deaths from malignant tumors of the urinary bladder in Chile (at the national-regional level). Data analyzed from the DEIS between 2016-2022. No informed consent or ethical review was required. Use of Microsoft Excel for analysis. Results: Retrospective descriptive observational study on deaths from malignant tumors of the urinary bladder in Chile (at the national-regional level). Data analyzed from the DEIS between 2016-2022. No informed consent or ethical review was required. Use of Microsoft Excel for analysis. Discussion: This work highlights the importance of strengthening preventive and therapeutic measures for bladder cancer in Chile, where smoking and mining contamination are significant risk factors. It has been determined that it is common in predominantly male older adults. Mortality rates have remained static in recent years. Except between the years 2020-2021, in which a downward trend was registered. The foregoing shows the importance of continuing to investigate and develop effective treatments, as well as management and prevention protocols.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/mortalidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 142(3): 391-394, mar. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-714365

RESUMO

Coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome. Most cases occur in women during the peripartum period, most likely influenced by hormonal changes, hemodynamic stress and modifications in the immune system during pregnancy. The pathogenesis of coronary artery dissection is unknown, hence numerous theories have been postulated such as pregnancy-related conditions, the presence of connective tissue disorders, trauma, etc. The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic patients to the whole spectrum of acute coronary syndrome manifestations. The management of these patients requires a multidisciplinary approach, with two options: medical therapy or an invasive approach, with percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The choice of treatment options depends on the hemodynamic status of the patient, the extension of the dissection and the myocardial territory at risk. In this case report we present a 38-year-old female who had a coronary artery dissection seven days postpartum. Coronary catheterization showed dissection of the left main coronary artery that extended until the circumflex artery. An intra-aortic balloon pump was installed and the patient then underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery, with satisfactory results.


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/cirurgia , Doenças Vasculares/congênito , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Anomalias dos Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico , Período Pós-Parto , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares/cirurgia
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